Maximum Level Research Articles

The roles of inflation and financial development in the effectiveness of foreign aid: Evidence from Bangladesh

The long-run economic benefits of foreign aid in a recipient country depend on the absorptive capacity of the nation in terms of institutions, macroeconomic stability, and financial development. While the role of institutional quality on the aid-growth nexus has already been empirically determined, the moderating roles of inflation and financial development have not been investigated. Therefore, our study addresses these research gaps by examining the moderating roles of inflation and financial development on the impact of aid on economic growth in Bangladesh during 1980–2020 period. It utilizes the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing technique. This study reveals that the impact of aid on growth depends on the levels of inflation and financial development. If inflation rises above 9.85% threshold level, the marginal effect of aid on growth turns negative. In contrast, the marginal effect of aid on growth is positive even at the maximum level of financial development. The outcomes are robust to alternative proxies and structural breaks. The implication is that an increase in aid and financial development boosts economic growth, but high inflation limits the efficacy of aid. Therefore, to reap the long-term economic benefits of aid, countries should embrace the requisite macroeconomic stability and financial development.

Production Characteristics of Volatiles from Anthracite Cracking via Microwave-Induced Discharge.

The ignition of anthracite with arc plasma has not been applied due to its low chemical effect and volatile content in anthracite. The nonequilibrium plasma generated by a microwave-induced discharge has the ability to break branch chains and aromatic ring structures by kinetic effects, which has the potential for anthracite cracking and ignition. This work investigated anthracite cracking by microwave-induced discharges under an Ar/N2 atmosphere. Results showed that the maximum levels of CO production, total gas production, and total gas generation rate occur in 20% argon content due to an increase in the number of electrons and a decrease in the total electronic states excitation rate constant with an increase in the argon content. The total gas production in plasma cracking is larger than that by pyrolysis, indicating the crack of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by plasma. In addition, we attempted anthracite combustion under an 80% N2 and 20% O2 atmosphere.

Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Attaragoda Grama Niladhari Division in Galle, Sri Lanka

Insufficient quality can make water unfit for a range of human purposes. As a result, water is becoming scarcer globally as population growth continues. Water quality assessment is essential for effective water resource management. The present research fills the gap in scientific knowledge and information regarding the groundwater quality status in Attaragoda Grama Niladhari (GN) Division in Galle, Sri Lanka. Randomly selected 33 groundwater samples were collected from 142/A Attaragoda GN division monthly from November 2021 to March 2022. Together, 13 selected general water quality parameters, including temperature, pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total nitrate, total phosphate, total alkalinity, total hardness, ammonia, and fluoride, were measured once a month during the study period using standard methodologies. Additionally, four metals, including Iron, Calcium, Magnesium, and Sodium, were analysed for the randomly selected 15 locations during the study period. Statistical analysis was done using Minitab 17 and MS Excel 13. Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated using electrical conductivity, TDS, pH, hardness, phosphate, alkalinity, and nitrate parameters in Attaragoda GND. Results indicated that, except for Fe, none of the tested parameters exceeded the maximum permissible levels for drinking water throughout the study. Accordingly, all locations were categorized as good for drinking purposes. For a more precise evaluation of water quality, the WQI can be improved by future research focusing on heavy metal and microbial contaminants.
 
 Keywords: Groundwater, Water quality, Weighted arithmetic water quality index

Happiness Maximization Is a WEIRD Way of Living.

Psychological science tends to treat subjective well-being and happiness synonymously. We start from the assumption that subjective well-being is more than being happy to ask the fundamental question: What is the ideal level of happiness? From a cross-cultural perspective, we propose that the idealization of attaining maximum levels of happiness may be especially characteristic of Western, educated, industrial, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) societies but less so for others. Searching for an explanation for why "happiness maximization" might have emerged in these societies, we turn to studies linking cultures to their eco-environmental habitat. We discuss the premise that WEIRD cultures emerged in an exceptionally benign ecological habitat (i.e., faced relatively light existential pressures compared with other regions). We review the influence of the Gulf Stream on the Northwestern European climate as a source of these comparatively benign geographical conditions. We propose that the ecological conditions in which WEIRD societies emerged afforded them a basis to endorse happiness as a value and to idealize attaining its maximum level. To provide a nomological network for happiness maximization, we also studied some of its potential side effects, namely alcohol and drug consumption and abuse and the prevalence of mania. To evaluate our hypothesis, we reanalyze data from two large-scale studies on ideal levels of personal life satisfaction-the most common operationalization of happiness in psychology-involving respondents from 61 countries. We conclude that societies whose members seek to maximize happiness tend to be characterized as WEIRD, and generalizing this across societies can prove problematic if adopted at the ideological and policy level.

Kreativitas Guru PAI dalam Mengelola Pembelajaran PAI di SMPN 29 Sijunjung

This research raises the issue of the lack of facilities for learning media, the lack of student interaction in the learning process, and the disruption caused by students who often go in and out of class. These inadequacies can hinder the learning process and affect the teacher's creativity in managing learning. The purpose of this research is to find out how to create and maintain a maximum Islamic religious education learning atmosphere at SMPN 29 Sijunjung. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a focus on teacher creativity in managing Islamic learning. Data were collected through observation and interviews, then analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the creativity of teachers in managing Islamic learning has been done well, but has not reached the maximum level because there are still some things that need to be improved. Factors that influence creating a maximum learning atmosphere include forgetting to convey learning objectives, interference in managing time and learning activities, lack of student involvement in learning, and limited learning media. To improve the effectiveness of learning, there needs to be more attention in managing learning in order to create an optimal learning atmosphere for students in understanding Islamic religious education.

Gum Arabic-Derived Hydroxyproline-Rich Peptides Stimulate Intestinal Nonheme Iron Absorption via HIF2α-Dependent Upregulation of Iron Transport Proteins.

The stimulation of host iron absorption is a promising antianemia strategy adjunctive/alternative to iron intervention. Here, gum arabic (GA) containing 3.14 ± 0.56% hydroxyproline-rich protein with repetitive X-(Pro/Hyp)n motifs was found to increase iron reduction, uptake, and transport to upregulate duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), ferroportin, and hephaestin to inhibit hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) and to stabilize HIF2α in polarized Caco-2 cell monolayers in a dose-dependent manner, and this was dependent on its protein fraction, rather than the polysaccharide fraction. Three abundant GA-derived hydroxyproline-containing dipeptides of Hyp-Hyp, Pro-Hyp, and Ser-Hyp were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the lysates of polarized Caco-2 cell monolayers at the maximum levels of 0.167 ± 0.021, 0.134 ± 0.017, and 0.089 ± 0.015 μg/mg of protein, respectively, and showed desirable docking affinity energy values of -7.53, - 7.91, and -7.39 kcal/mol, respectively, against human PHD3. GA-derived peptides also acutely increased duodenal HIF2α stability and Dcytb, DMT1, ferroportin, and hephaestin transcription in rats (P < 0.05). Overall, GA-derived hydroxyproline-rich peptides stimulated intestinal iron absorption via PHD inhibition, HIF2α stabilization, and subsequent upregulation of iron transport proteins.

Growth Performance of Rice Genotypes at the Seedling Stage under Different Salinity Stresses

Background: Worldwide coastal rice growing areas are severely affected by salinity which has become a major constraint to rice production. Salinity is a serious soil problem in rice-growing countries, severely limiting global rice production. Methods: In this study, the seedlings of 21 rice genotypes were tested against seven different levels of salinity concentrations (0.3, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 dSm-1) under a hydroponic system in a glasshouse condition at Field 10, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Data on seedling growth and salinity injury of the tested rice genotypes were recorded. Result: The results showed that Pokkali, FL478 and Binadhan-10 were tolerant at 12 dSm-1; BRRI dhan73, BRRI dhan61, Binadhan-8, BRRI dhan67 and BRRI dhan47 were tolerant at 10 dSm-1; Putra-1 were moderately tolerant at 8 dSm-1 and MR263, MR284, MR211 and MRQ74 were tolerant at 4 dSm-1 and rest of the genotypes were salt susceptible. The lower amount of Na: K and Na: Ca were measured from rice genotypes, Pokkali and FL478 at maximum salinity levels. The promising rice genotypes that were tolerant at 12 dSm-1 would be taken into consideration for a hybridization program to develop a new salt-tolerant rice variety.

A Production Inventory Model with Linear Time Dependent Production Rate, Linear Level Dependent Demand and Demand and Constant Holding Cost

In this paper, a production inventory model with linear time dependent production rate is considered. The market demand is assumed to be linear level dependent while the holding cost is a constant. The model considered a small amount of decay without having any shortage. Production starts with a buffer stock reaching its maximum desired level and then the inventory begins to deplete due to demand and deterioration. The model is formulated using a system of differential equations and typical integral calculus was used to analyze the inventory problems. These differential equations were solved to give the best cycle length T_1^*=0.8273(303 days), Optimal time for maximum inventory t_1^*= 0.7015, Optimal order quantity Q_1^*=38.3404 and total average inventory cost per unit time TC(T_1)* =170.5004. The cost function has been shown to be convex and a numerical example to show the application of the model has been given. A sensitivity analysis is then carried out to see the effects of parameter changes

LCEMILCP: Design of a Low-complexity Energy Harvesting Model Via Incremental Learning and Continuous Power Quality Optimization Process in Wsn

Optimization of energy harvesting requires design of low complexity &amp; high efficiency models that can work with maximum power gain levels. To design such models, researchers have proposed multiple techniques, that can assist in improving power quality via selection of optimum harvesting sources in multisource environments. But these models require continuous reconfiguration of static rules, which limits their efficiency when applied to large-scale network scenarios. Moreover, most of these models also showcase higher complexity due to reconfiguration, which reduces their scalability performance. To overcome this limitation, a novel Low-Complexity Energy Harvesting Model via Incremental Learning and Continuous Power Quality Optimization process is discussed in this text. The proposed model initially uses a Q-Learning based power evaluation method, that is capable of generating high-efficiency configurations of multisource harvesting devices. This is cascaded with design of a Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO), that assists in performing continuous power quality optimizations. The combined model is capable of selecting hybrid harvesting source configurations, and incrementally tune it for optimum harvesting performance. This is achieved via modelling a reward function that incorporates power gain along with low-complexity source selection process. The selection process is further enhanced via PSO based continuous learning for improving harvesting source configurations. The proposed model was tested on a wide variety of network scenarios, and its QoS efficiency levels were compared with different state-of-the-art methods. Based on this comparison, it was observed that the proposed model is capable of improving power gain by 8.3%, while minimizing harvesting delay by 6.5%, and improving harvesting throughput by 5.9%, which makes it useful for large-scale multisource harvesting applications.

The Concentration of Organic &amp; Ammonium Pollution and their Relationship in River Water: A Case Study

Bangladesh's largest water treatment plant sources its water from the Shitalakshya River, which is facing serious problems of organic pollution and ammonia contamination, particularly during the dry months of November to April. This study examines the extent of organic and ammonia pollution in the river and their relationship with each other. The study analyzed daily samples of raw water quality parameters, such as COD and NH3-N concentrations, from 2013 to 2018 only from the dry months, using standard laboratory methods at Dhaka's largest drinking water treatment plant. During the study period, the global average COD and ammonia concentrations in the dry months were 37.8 and 9.2 mg/L, respectively. These concentrations ranged between 10.6 to 76.3 mg/L and 0.98 to 19.54 mg/L in individual months respectively. The global yearly maximum COD and ammonia concentrations were respectively, ranging from 13 to 127 mg/L and 1.63 to 23.24 mg/L in individual months. These maximum levels occurred in March and April. The monthly minimum concentrations of COD and ammonia varied between 6-42mg/L and 0.17-15.6mg/L, respectively. It is noteworthy that the global average figures are higher than the recommended levels for drinking water sources after conventional treatment. The study found a distinct increasing trend in the maximum values of COD and ammonia concentration over time. Both the average and maximum values increased by around 0.5 mg/L every year. A statistical linear regression between the maximum COD and the ammonia concentration across the years showed an excellent strong correlation marked with an R2 value of 0.93,0.88,0.95 respectively for maximum, minimum and average values, indicating a potential common origin for these pollutants. If this trend of pollution persists, the authorities will need to modify the treatment chain to ensure that the supply of drinking water is not affected.

Comparative analysis and experimental exploration of the milling process in the machining of Inconel 825 material under MQL

ABSTRACT With the flood cooling technique approach, it is impossible to fulfill the concerned environmental regulations and increase productivity while machining material that is infamously tough to cut. To address the conscious environmental regulation in the metal cutting industry, an effect must be made to reduce the industry process impact on environmental pollution along with manufacturing process optimization. Therefore, an eco-friendly MQL technique was investigated associated with machinability characteristics and compared results with dry condition while end milling of Inconel 825 material. The results revealed that MQL significantly reduced cutting temperature (CT) and surface roughness (Ra) to maximum levels of 70% and 43%, respectively. Further, optimum conditions were found using Taguchi method under MQL cooling. Additionally, using 3D surface plots, the interaction impact of process parameter on “Ra” has been investigated. For end milling Inconel 825 material, the MQL machining method has been proven as the most feasible alternative over dry condition.

Impact of Foliar Application of Urea and Nano Urea Levels on Quality, Physiological and Leaf Nutrient Content Attributes of Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) cv. Kagzi in Vertisols of Jhalawar District in Rajasthan

This study attempted the efficacy of various Urea and Nano urea treatments on Kagzi lime fruit characteristics, such as weight, length, breadth of juice recovery, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity, TSS/Acidity ratio ascorbic acid content, and pH value of juices. There were some significant differences in the reaction of Kagzi lime to these treatments. The Urea treatment at 2% (T4) always gave the top values for the fruit weight, length, breadth; juice recovery, TSS content, TSS/Acidity ratio; ascorbic acid content, and juice pH. While the Nano urea treatments showed positive effects, Urea treatment at 2% had the overall better performance. This implies that Urea at this level was superior in improving the fruit quality factors, which may be used to optimize Kagzi lime cultivation methods. In particular, the variables such as fruit characteristics, juice properties and nutritional content, chlorophyll content; relative water contents in leaves of leaf nutrient contents were positively influenced by 2.0% treatment Urea application These protocols led to significant improvements in fruit weight, length, and width being greater as good juice contented and TSS which increased considerably the levels of Ascorbic acid were improved, chlorophyll content enhanced while there were reduced effects despite that resulted from this prophylactic treatment. Moreover, it resulted in the maximum level of leaf nitrogen and phosphorous. These results show that Urea has significant influences on the quality of acid lime cv. The highest favorable results were noticed in the 2.0% Urea treatment administered by Kagzi lime.

Experimental investigation of scour downstream of a type A trapezoidal piano key weir under free and submerged flow conditions

Abstract In this paper, the scour downstream of a trapezoidal Piano key weir (PKW) is investigated under free and submerged flow conditions. For this purpose, an experimental model was used in a laboratory channel with a length of 10 m, width of 0.75 m, and height of 0.8 m at various discharges and tailwater depths. The results showed an increase and decrease in the maximum scour depth with an increase in the discharge and submergence ratio, respectively. In addition, increasing the particle Froude number enhanced the geometric features of the scour hole downstream of the PKW. The rate of bed changes slowed down over time. The average values of maximum scour depth, the distance of the maximum scour depth from the weir toe, maximum scour hole length and weir toe scour depth increased in the free flow compared to the submerged flow. The scour hole volume and scour hole area in the submerged flow were less compared to the free flow. The average maximum level of the sedimentary ridge in the free flow is less than the submerged flow. New equations for calculating the geometric characteristics of the scour hole downstream of the trapezoidal PKW are presented with acceptable accuracy.

Reduction by air purifier of particulate concentration during orthodontic procedures: a pilot study

BackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has raised awareness of the importance of air quality. This pilot study arose from the need to reduce the concentration of particulate matter in the dental office during orthodontic procedures. To evaluate the efficacy of using an air purifier during orthodontic care in the dental office to reduce the concentration of ambient particulate matter.ResultsSignificant reductions in particle numbers were obtained for all particle sizes except the largest particles counted (10 μm) through use of the air filter. A marked association between higher humidity levels and higher particle counts was also observed.ConclusionsUsing an air purifier during dental care achieves a significant reduction in the concentration of ambient particles in the dental office. There is a correlation between higher relative humidity and higher particle concentration. The probability of obtaining a maximum particulate concentration level of 0.3 and 0.5 μm is 1000 times lower when using an air purifier.

Study of the dyeing industry pollution after mandatory installation of ETP in Madhabdi municipality, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Madhabdi municipality of the Narsingdi district of Bangladesh, the “Manchester of the East,” is famous for its cloth market and fabric dyeing industries. The untreated effluent discharge has been mixed with the water and soil, degrading the environmental standards of this area for years. Installing an effluent treatment plant (ETP) in all textile industries in Bangladesh is mandatory. This study evaluates the soil condition, surface water quality, and heavy metal contamination in cultivated vegetables after the compulsory installation of ETP. Soil and water samples from eight locations and cultivated vegetable samples from three locations are collected and analyzed for this study. The pH, EC (electric conductivity), TDS (total dissolved solids), DO (dissolved oxygen), and heavy metal concentrations are observed. The water quality index, contamination index, metal evaluation index, pollution load index, and metal pollution index are calculated from the collected samples. The study found that the physico-chemical properties of water pH (9.19), EC (2232.38 µScm-1), and DO (0.79 mgL-1) violate the national standards. The mean TDS is below the maximum permissible level. The heavy metal concentrations of Cr and Pb in water are 1.03 and 0.13 mgL-1, crossing the permissible limit, respectively, but Mn, having 0.89 mgL-1, is within the limit. The water quality is unsuitable for domestic and agricultural use, contamination is “medium,” and metal evaluation is “medium.” The soil is alkaline, having a pH of 8.58. The soil’s Cr, Pb and Mn concentrations are 68.21 µgg-1, 52.73 µgg-1and 805.16 µgg-1, respectively. The soil contamination level is low to moderate. Cultivated leafy vegetables have a concentration of Cr, Pb and Mn; 2.61 µgg-1, 0.30 µgg-1and 288.67 µgg-1, respectively, where Cr has crossed, Pb is within, and Mn is lower than the permissible limit. Produced vegetables have high (12.10–33.09) MPI (metal pollution index) and are at a high-risk level for consumption as food.

Phthalates in Surface Waters of the Selenga River (Main Tributary of Lake Baikal) and Its Delta: Spatial-Temporal Distribution and Environmental Risk Assessment

The Selenga River provides about half of the water and chemical runoff into Lake Baikal and plays an important role in the sustainability of the ecosystem of this large natural freshwater lake. Phthalate esters (PAEs) are organic compounds that can disrupt reproductive and endocrine systems. This study focused on investigating the distribution of six priority phthalates in the Selenga River and its delta utilizing SPE-GC/MS. The study found that the highest levels of Σ6PAE were observed during the high-water years, 2021 and 2023, and were evenly distributed along the river from the sampling sites upstream of Ulan-Ude to the delta channels. In contrast, the mean annual Σ6PAE content was relatively low in the low water period of 2022. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are the two dominant phthalates found in the surface waters of the Selenga River and delta channels. In 2021, the average total concentration of six phthalates (Σ6PAE) ranged from 8.84 to 25.19 µg/L, while in 2022 it ranged from 0.45 to 4.01 µg/L, and in 2023 it ranged from 5.40 to 21.08 µg/L. The maximum level for the sum of phthalates was 61.64 µg/L in 2021, 13.57 µg/L in 2022, and 30.19 µg/L in 2023. The wastewater treatment facilities in Ulan-Ude were identified as a stable local source of phthalates. In some cases, PAE concentrations exceeded maximum allowable concentrations, particularly for DEHP. This could have adverse effects on aquatic organisms.

Stress analysis of a large diameter aspheric plastic lens in the variable temperature assisted injection molding process.

The technology known as precision injection molding (PIM) has shown great promise in the large-scale manufacturing of optical plastic lenses. The primary challenge with the PIM process is accurately predicting and reducing residual stress in optical plastic lenses. In this work, the finite element method (FEM) was used to analyze the residual stress distribution in plastic lenses. A three-dimensional model was created using COMSOL software to investigate how residual stress and temperature varied in optical plastic lenses during the packing and cooling stages. Based on the results, variable temperature assisted injection molding experiments were conducted. The results show that the average residual stress in the optical plastic lenses has decreased by 56%, while the minimum and maximum residual stress levels have decreased by 60% and 61%, respectively. Since this method does not require the extra heat treatment of the optical lenses, it offers considerable cost and efficiency benefits.

Understanding the variable metal concentrations in estuarine oysters Crassostrea hongkongensis: A biokinetic analysis

Understanding the metal concentrations in oysters is important because of its relevance to human health and biomonitoring. However, metal concentrations in oysters are highly variable in nature and not well explained by metal exposure. This study examined the metal contamination in farm oysters Crassostrea hongkongensis grown in Qinzhou Bay, south China. Cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) concentrations in the oysters varied between 7.9 and 72.2, 282–17003, 0.37–47.7 and 37–4012 μg g−1, respectively, showing large metal variability among different individuals. Oyster metal concentrations decreased with increasing body size and significantly higher levels were observed in wet season. Low salinity and slower oyster growth due to inferior growth conditions could be responsible for the elevated metal concentrations in the wet season. Biokinetic modeling showed that the coupling of ingestion rate and growth can cause 2.8–4.2 folds differences in the oyster Cd and Zn concentrations, respectively, suggesting the significant role of oyster bioenergetics in contributing to the metal variability. Modeling data revealed that Cd and Zn concentrations in oyster tissues reach maximum levels when oysters have their lowest growth efficiency. This suggests that any factors influencing the energy budget in oysters could simultaneously alter their metal concentrations, which might be the reason why oyster metal concentrations are so variable in the natural environment.

Microalgae as fishmeal alternatives in aquaculture: current status, existing problems, and possible solutions.

Fishmeal is an indispensable ingredient for most aquatic animals. However, the finite supply and escalating price of fishmeal seriously limit its use in aquaculture. Thus the development of new, sustainable protein ingredients has been a research focus. Microalgae are potential fishmeal alternatives owing to their high protein content and balanced amino acid profile. Studies suggest that suitable replacement of fishmeal with microalgae is beneficial for fish growth performance, but excessive replacement would induce poor growth and feed utilization. Therefore, this paper aims to review research on the maximum substitutional level of fishmeal by microalgae and propose the main issues and possible solutions for fishmeal replacement by microalgae. The maximum replacement level is affected by microalgal species, fish feeding habits, quality of fishmeal and microalgal meals, and supplemental levels of fishmeal in the control group. Microalgae could generally replace 100%, 95%, 95%, 64.1%, 25.6%, and 18.6% fishmeal protein in diets of carp, shrimp, catfish, tilapia, marine fish, and salmon and trout, respectively. The main issues with fishmeal replacement using microalgae include low production and high production cost, poor digestibility, and anti-nutritional factors. Possible solutions to these problems are recommended in this paper. Overall, microalgae are promising fishmeal alternatives in aquaculture.

Incidence and health risk assessment of hydrogen cyanide and multi-mycotoxins in Nigerian garri

Garri is a granular, starchy food prepared by the fermentation of mashed cassava. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and mycotoxins are contaminants in certain foods at different points along the food value chain. The incidence and contamination levels of HCN and multi-mycotoxins in garri from five agroecological zones of Nigeria were determined using a spectrophotometric method and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UHPLC-MS/MS), respectively. The health risk associated with the consumption of contaminated garri was assessed. The health risk assessment model was used to calculate the dietary exposure of humans to the mycotoxins in garri. This was done by estimating the daily intake (EDI), the percentage tolerable daily intake (%TDI), the annual hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases attributable to exposure to aflatoxins (AFs) in garri, as well as the HCC risk. The average intake of garri was estimated at 0.303 kg/day for a Nigerian adult. The incidence of HCN was 98.3% (0.056–2.463 mg/kg), and fermentation reduced the HCN level in garri more than other processing steps. The twenty-one mycotoxins identified and quantified were all within maximum levels, as applicable to those that are regulated by the EU. The %TDI for the other mycotoxins, with the exception of AFs, showed no alarming health risk with garri consumption. Annual HCC cases resulting from AF in garri were estimated at 10–60 cases for HBsAg + ve individuals and 4–23 cases for HBsAg − ve individuals based on 8.1% hepatitis B virus (HBV) incidence. Results further revealed no interdependence between HCN levels and mycotoxin content. This work suggests an unlikely chance of acute toxicity from HCN and major mycotoxins from a garri-based diet in Nigeria. Hence, it is recommended that concerned regulatory bodies maintain the existing permissible limits for HCN in Garri.