Maximum Fruit Research Articles

Effect of Wrapping Materials Combination of Growth Regulators on Physical Characters and Storage Life of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv Red Lady

The experiment was conducted to assess the effect of different wrapping materials and growth regulators on physical characters, storage life and quality of papaya cv Red lady was stored at room temperature during the investigated. The fruits are harvested best treatment of INM (i.e 75% RDF+10 kg vermicompost + 100 g Azotobacter + 100 g PSB plant-1) fruits harvested dipped in different growth regulators and combined with packaging materials imposed in the present investigation showed lowest loss in weight (PLW) in fruits treated with CaCl2 @ 3.0% and packed with news paper (7.65%), whereas, highest PLW was found in control (38.93%). Maximum fruit firmness was observed in the fruits treated with T1- CaCl2 @ 3.0% and wrapping with news paper (2.03 kg cm-2) and T1 recorded significantly minimum spoilage (23.34%) over other treatments. Maximum TSS recorded in T7 control (10.80 OBrix). The storage life was found maximum in T1 - fruits dipped in CaCl2 @ 3.0% and wrapping with news paper (17.58 days) and followed by T3- GA3 @ 100 ppm and wrapping with news paper (16.25 days). However, control has shown poor storage life (9.00 days).

Pollen sources and time of pollination for hand pollination affect biochemical and organoleptic attributes of sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) cv. Arka Sahan

The present investigation aimed to know the effect of different pollen sources and time of pollination for hand pollination on biochemical and organoleptic properties in sugar apple cv. Arka Sahan. For the study, a total 130 flowers of cv. Arka Sahan were hand pollinated with three different pollen sources, such as Balanagar, Raydurg and APK-Ca 1 at three different times in the July. It was found that pollen source and timing significantly affected fruit quality attributes and organoleptic traits. Fruits of T1 (first pollination with Balanagar) exhibited maximum pulp weight, fruit weight and seeds per fruit. The biochemical traits such as higher total soluble solids (32.33 ºBrix), lower titratable acidity (TA) (0.25%), higher total sugar (TS) (25.55%), reducing sugar (RS) (22.75%) and non-reducing sugar (NRS) (2.66 %) were also reported in T1. Likewise, higher ascorbic acid (AA) (27.87 mg/100g) and minimum total phenols content (TPC) (66.76 ?g GAE/100g) were also obtained in T1 yielded fruits compared to the naturally pollinated (control). Evaluation of organoleptic revealed that pollen source and pollination time also affected the sweetness, sourness aroma, grittiness and overall acceptability (8.62) of pulp. Results of organoleptic evaluation revealed that pollen sources and pollination times also affected the sweetness, sourness, aroma, grittiness and overall acceptability (8.62) of the fruit pulp. Hence, Balanagar could be used as an effective pollen source for hand pollination in Arka Sahan during initial weeks of July to get higher quality and acceptability of the sugar apple fruits.

Response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) grafted on wild brinjal (Solanum torvum) rootstock for growth and yield

The present experiment was conducted to study the compatibility of different tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) varieties/hybrids grafted on wild brinjal (Solanum torvum Sw.) rootstock with an objective to study the effect of rootstock on growth, yield, graft success (%), crop duration and incidence of fusarium wilt in tomato. The study was carried out during rainy (kharif) season 2019 subsequently for 3 years and completed in winter (rabi) season 2022–23, which comprises 2 rootstocks, 3 scions in a factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with 9 treatments and 3 replications. The results were analyzed on the basis of 3 years pooled data with respect to growth and yield parameters. The grafting results showed significant increase in minimum number of days to 1st harvest (68.55),maximum fruit weight (81.04 g), number of fruit per plant (29.45), yield per plant (2.38 kg), yield per plot (85.68 kg) and yield per hectare (72.12 tonnes) over control. The graft combination of Phule Raja grafted on Solanum torvum showed maximum graft success (95.07%), less incidence of fusarium wilt (0.00%) with maximum crop duration of 235 days, i.e. an increase of 57 days compared to non-grafted. The benefit:cost (B:C) ratio analysis showed higher net monetary returns in grafted plants as compared to non-grafted plants. It is concluded that the grafting of Phule Raja on wild brinjal rootstock recommended for higher yield and less incidence of fusarium wilt.

Performance of Different Varieties of Tinda (Praecitrullus fistulosus) under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Condition

The present experiment was carried out during summer season 2022-23 in Central Horticulture Research Farm of Department of Horticulture, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The experiment was conducted to evaluate Performance of different varieties of Tinda (Praecitrullus fistulosus) under Prayagraj agro climatic condition. For the evaluation eight varieties treatments were V1-Ludhiana Special, V2- S-48, V3-Raja, V4-Komal, V5-IHS-45, V6-Laddu, V7-Heera, V8-Mahy Tinda are taken for the study in a Randomized Block Design with three replications in 2.5 x 1.5 m plot. The study revealed that the maximum vine length 182.8cm in V5 IHS-45. The number of primary branches was maximum in V5-IHS-45, 6.43 at final harvestings. At harvesting the number of nodes per plant was Maximum in V5-IHS-45, 34.36. Days to first female flower appearance was minimum in IHS45, 26.30. IHS-45 was found to be the best variety for fruit weight with 63.14gm. IHS-45 was found to be the best variety for diameter of fruit with 54.12mm. IHS-45 produced the maximum fruit yield/ha and the fruit yield was 143.66q/ha. Among the different varieties studied, IHS-45 performed best for flower, fruit and yield characters. And the best varieties followed by Laddu and Mahy Tinda. The study revealed that, these varieties of Tinda provide high benefit to the farmers through easy cultivation, better stress tolerance, diseases resistance and higher yield.

Evaluation of Different Hybrids of Chilli in Prayagraj Agro-Climatic Condition

The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of different hybrids of chilli in prayagraj agro-climatic condition” was conducted from July 2022- January 2023. The experiment was laid out in a Randomised Block Design with 3 replications and 10 hybrids viz., LHC-Diya, LHC-4010, Beauty, NS-1101, Deva, NS-1701 DG, VNR-305, Chushul, Pushkar, Sonali. Experiment was done to understand the plant growth, fruit yield, quality and economics of Chilli using different hybrids under Allahabad agro-climatic conditions at the experimental field of the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute (NAI), Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. From the above experimental findings it is concluded that, all the characters viz., growth parameters, earliness parameters, yield parameters and qualitative parameters varied significantly. Further, while studying the plant height (F1-Sonali) was found best, highest number of branches, maximum average fruit weight and maximum ascorbic acid was found in (F1-NS-1701 DG), days to first flowering and days to 50% flowering was found minimum in (F1- Pushkar), maximum number of fruits per plant, maximum fruit length and fruit girth was found in (F1- VNR-305), highest yield per plant, highest yield per hectare and highest profit and maximum benefit cost ratio were found in (F1-NS-1101), maximum TSS was found in (F1- Beauty).

Performance of Different Varieties of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) under Prayagraj Agro-Climatic Condition

Eight cucumber varieties were evaluated at SHUATS, Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh, in randomized block design with three replications during summer season-2022 for growth, yield and fruit quality traits. The variety AGRI GREEN gave maximum mean value for maximum vine length (217.33cm), number of primary branches (5.67), number of nodes per plant (39.10), Days to first female flower appearance and node to first female flower appearance were minimum and that was about (50.76) and (4.33) respectively, fruit length and weight with (15.83cm) and (126.00gm) respectively), node number at which first female flower appears (4.33), number of female flowers per Plant (16.37), fruit yield/ha (164.10 q/ha), number of fruits per plant (13.30), TSS (4.20 oBrix), was observed in same variety. The maximum fruit diameter was found in SS-100 (45.50 mm). AGRI GREEN was found superior based on overall performance in terms of growth, yield, and quality parameters. The study revealed that, these varieties of cucumber provide high benefit to the farmers through easy cultivation, better stress tolerance, diseases resistance and higher yields.

Evaluation of Ivy Gourd (Coccinia grandis L) Genotypes under Prayagraj Agro Climatic Conditions

The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of Ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis L) genotypes under Prayagraj agro climatic conditions” was carried out from October, 2022 to March 2023 at Horticultural Research Field, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj, U.P. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven genotypes in three replications. The genotypes namely G1-Arka Neelachal Khunki, G2-Arka Neelachal Sabuja, G3-Local Geda, G4-Local Denga, G5-Surekha, G6- CHIV-7 and G7-CHIV-8 were evaluated. It was concluded that all seven genotypes showed a significant performance on almost all the growth and yield characters as well as quality of Ivy gourd. The genotype G2-Arka Neelachal Sabuja was found superior in terms of vine length (315.11 cm), petiole length (6.37 cm), internodal length (12.71cm),fruit diameter (2.87 cm), average fruit weight (21.08 g), No. of seeds per fruit (122), No. of fruits per plant (422), fruit yield per plant (8.82 kg) ,fruit yield per hectare (17.35 t/ha), TSS (4.33), Ascorbic acid (15.34 mg/100g) and minimum days taken for first female flower anthesis (35.17 days) whereas maximum fruit length was obtained from genotype G1- Arka Neelachal Khunki (6.12 cm). Among the genotypes, highest gross return (Rs/ha) (3,47,000), net return (Rs/ha) (1,90,140), benefit cost ratio (2.21) was also obtained from genotype G2 i.e Arka Neelachal Sabuja.

Effect of Traditional Fertilizer, Nano-Fertilizer and Micronutrient on Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

A trial was conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) during 2022. This study investigates the “Effect of traditional fertilizer, nano fertilizer and micronutrient on growth, yield and quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.).” The purpose of the study is to evaluate the plants in terms of various parameters such as plant height, survival percentage, days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, number of flower clusters per plant, number of fruit set per cluster, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per hectare, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid, and benefit-cost ratio. The study's findings show that applying more NPK, ZnSO4, and Nano Zinc to the soil dramatically increased tomato growth and yield. The plants treated with 100% NPK + 25% ZnSO4 by the conventional approach + 75% spray through Nano zinc had the maximum fruit yield (135.57 t/ha), fruit weight (88.407 g), TSS (5.36 Brix), and ascorbic acid content (26.4 mg/100g). Additionally, it was discovered that the treated plants' benefit-cost ratio was larger than the control's. Overall, the study indicates that increasing the growth, yield, and quality of tomatoes can be accomplished by applying 100% NPK + 25% ZnSO4 by traditional technique + 75% spray via Nano zinc.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Flowering and Fruiting Behavior of Aonla Cv. Francis

The present investigation was carried with aim to know the effect of integrated nutrient management on fruiting of aonla cv. Francis. The experiment was conducted in two consecutive years. The experiment comprised of ten treatments, replicated thrice with randomized block Design. The study revealed the fruit set and retention per cent for both the year was noted maximum with the use of T7, whereas T6 was found to equally good with T1. The maximum fruit size was recorded with the use of T7 during both the year which was at par with the soil application T6. The study concluded that the application of 75% RDF + 30 kg Vermicompost+ 250g Azotobacter+ 250g PSB produced quality fruit yield.

Studies on the Effect of Split Application of NPK fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Papaya under Central Dry Zone of Karnataka

A field experiment was conducted at Eswargere village, Hiriyur taluk, Chitradurga district during the year 2020-2021 to assess the effects of split application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizer on papaya growth and yield, and the experiment was set up in Randomized Complete Block Design. The treatments include seven treatments comprising varying rates (75, 100 and 125% recommended dose of fertilizers) and time of application (Bimonthly and monthly intervals). Among growth attributes plant height (186.70 cm), stem girth (46.38) was recorded highest in 125% RDF through split application. In yield attributes maximum fruit length (23.54 cm) circumference (44.75 cm), volume (1711.07 cc) firmness (7.43 kg/cm2), total yield (138.83 t/ha) and lowest cavity index (14.84) were also observed in 125% RDF through split. Applying of 125% RDF through split at different growth stages (187.5:156.25:125 N: P2O5: K2O g/plant) in vegetative stage of 4 months, (62.5:125:187.5 N: P2O5: K2O g/plant) in flowering to fruit set stage of 2 months, (62.5:31.25:312.5 N: P2O5: K2O g/plant) in fruit development stage of 3 months at monthly interval showed to be better for fetching maximum plant growth and yield of papaya fruits.

Effect of Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield, and Quality of Strawberry in Open Field Condition, and Study of Packaging Materials and Shelf Life of Strawberry after Harvesting

A field experiment was carried out during 2022-2023 to see the effect of Organic and Inorganic Sources on growth, yield and quality of strawberry cv. Winter dawn with 7+1 treatments with different combinations of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients (Vermicompost, FYM, and R.D.F.) replicated thrice with 3 plants per replication in Randomized Block Design. Observations were recorded for vegetative growth, fruit yield, quality. In different combinations (organic manure and inorganic manure) the treatment T5 (60% RDF+ 40% Vermicompost) recorded highest plant height, plant spread, number of leaves and flowers as compared to T0 (control). Plant treatment T5 (20% RDF+ 80% Vermicompost) registered earliest flowering and also highest number of flowers per plant. The maximum fruit weight, number of fruits per plant and yield were recorded with plants treated with T5 (60% RDF+ 40% Vermicompost) followed by T6 (40% RDF + 60% Vermicompost) at 90 DAP. Due to its lower production costs, T5's 20% RDF+ 80% Vermicompost had a higher benefit to cost ratio than T6's 40% RDF + 60% Vermicompost.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Micro Nutrient on Quality of Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) cv. Gola

The present experiment was carried out on twenty eight year old ber orchard planted under sodic soil condition, which is located at the Main Experiment Station Horticulture, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya. The objective of experiment was to assess the effect of Plant growth regulators and micro nutrient on quality of ber.The application of different growth regulators affected different characters of ber significantly i.e., fruit weight, fruit size, TSS, acidity, ascorbic acid, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and Total sugar. The maximum fruit size, length (3.87 and 3.92 cm) and breadth (3.38 and 3.41 cm) was recorded under the treatment of T8- 0.15 % Promalin + 0.5% Borax, which was statistically at par with T10-15 ppm GA4 + 7 + 0.5 % Borax (3.79 and 3.84 cm) and (3.33 and 3.36 cm) during 2021-22 and 2022-23, respectively. The maximum fruit weight was noted (27.69g and 28.89g) under the treatment of T8- 0.15 % Promalin + 0.5% Borax, which was statistically similar with T10-15 ppm GA4 + 7 + 0.5% Borax (26.30 g). The higher TSS (19.42 and 19.49) 0Brix was recorded under the treatment of T8- 0.15 % Promalin + 0.5 % Borax, which was statistically at par with T10-15 ppm GA4 + 7 + 0.5 % Borax (19.02 and 19.09) 0Brix. The minimum Acidity (0.24% and 0.23 %) was recorded under the treatment of T8- 0.15 % Promalin + 0.5 % Borax, which was statistically at par with T10- 15 ppm GA4 + 7 + 0.5 % Borax. The maximum ascorbic acid (85.33 and 86.02) was recorded under the treatment of T8- 0.15 % Promalin + 0.5 % Borax, which was statistically at par with T10- 15 ppm GA4 + 7 + 0.5 % Borax (84.71 and 84.62). The maximum reducing sugar (6.23 and 6.25) was recorded under the treatment of T7- 0.13 % Promalin + 0.5 % Borax. The maximum non-reducing sugar (7.92 and 7.95) was recorded under the treatment of T7- 0.13% Promalin + 0.5 % Borax. The maximum Total sugar (14.15 and 14.20 %) was recorded under the treatment of T7- 0.13 % Promalin + 0.5 % Borax.

Paddy and maize straw-based media as an alternative for cocopeat in soilless cultivation

The experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different locally available organic wastes like briquettes, biochar, paddy, and maize straw in combination with coco peat used as standard soilless growing media, for growing tomato under poly nethouse. The experiment layout was completely randomized design with three replications comprising of eleven treatments viz. 100% cocopeat (T1), 25% paddy straw + 75% cocopeat (T2), 50% paddy straw + 50% cocopeat (T3), 75% paddy straw + 25% cocopeat (T4), 100% straw (T5), 50% briquette + 50% cocopeat (T6), 100% briquettes (T7), 25% biochar + 75% cocopeat (T8), 50% biochar + 50% cocopeat (T9), 75% biochar + 25% cocopeat (T10), and 100% biochar (T11) during first season. During second year, treatments were modified to 25% briquette + 75% cocopeat (T7), 25% maize straw + 25% paddy straw + 50% cocopeat (T8), 25% maize straw + 50% paddy straw + 25% cocopeat (T9), 50% maize straw + 50% cocopeat (T10), 100% maize straw (T11), and 100% soil (T12). The results revealed that maximum fruit yield per plant recorded in the treatment T1 (100% cocopeat) was significantly higher as compared to all other treatments during the first year of study. However, during the second year, it was statistically at par with T6 and T7 but significantly higher as compared to other treatments. When 25 to 50% substitution of cocopeat was done with paddy straw briquettes or 25% paddy straw + 75% cocopeat was used, the quality parameters were comparable to 100% cococpeat.

Studies on the Management of Soil Fertility and Sustainable Productivity in Bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

A field experiment on COBh Hybrid Bhendi 4 was conducted in the Department of Horticulture, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal, U.T. of Puducherry, during summer 2022 with the objective of comparing the effects of organics and bioenhancers on soil fertility restoration and sustained vegetable production. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with two replications involving two factors (fertilisers and bioenhancers) forming eighteen treatment combination in a factorial way (FRBD). The study material comprised of vermicompost and goat manure (organics) as well as panchagavya and jivamirtham (bioenhancers), besides recommended FYM and N, P, K fertilisers in various combinations. Maximum plant height (118.62 cm), number of primary branches (5.02) at final harvest, maximum fruit length (15.49 cm) and fruit girth (6.89 cm), fruit weight (21.71 g), number of fruits plant-1 (51.70), highest yield (891.60 g plant-1 and 16.47 t ha-1) and maximum dry matter production (5.74 t ha-1) were recorded in the treatment receiving RDF with 3 per cent panchagavya as foliar spray on 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAS.

EFFECT OF PRE-HARVEST APPLICATION OF GA3 AND POTASSIUM NITRATE ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF PEACH FRUIT

The research study entitled “effect of pre harvest application of GA3 and potassium nitrate on yield and quality of peach fruit” was carried out at Horticulture Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2019. The plots were arranged using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. Three replications were used in the experiment. The experiment was conducted on already established peach orchard of almost 14 years old trees of Early Grande cultivar. The uniform size trees were selected and tagged for the experiment. The plants were managed under uniform cultural practices. The selected plants of peach cv. Early Grande were sprayed with various concentrations of Gibberellic acid (GA3) (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 ppm) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm) at berry stage. Peach plants were sprayed with GA3 and KNO3 and compared with control. The analysis of data showed that the foliar application of GA3 and KNO3 significantly influenced the yield and quality attributes of peach. Maximum fruit weight (111.98 g), chlorophyll content (51.00 SPAD), TSS (14.60 oBrix), fruit juice content (85.80 %), Fruit firmness (2.16 kg.cm-2), yield plant-1 (54.56 kg) and yield ha-1 (15.548 tons) were recorded in plants treated with 80 ppm of GA3. In case of KNO3 Maximum fruit weight (101.20 g), chlorophyll content (49.46 SPAD), TSS (13.38 oBrix), fruit juice content (84.86 %), Fruit firmness (2.12 kg.cm-2), yield plant-1 (51.56 kg) and yield ha-1 (14.829 tons) were recorded in plants treated with 3000 ppm of KNO3. Minimum days to maturity (72.52) and minimum number of fruits kg-1 (9.65) were found in plants sprayed with 80 ppm of GA3 while in case of KNO3 minimum days to maturity (76.92) and minimum number of fruits kg-1 (10.62) were found in plants sprayed with 3000 ppm of KNO3. Interactive effect of levels of GA3 and KNO3 was also found significant for some of the parameters. It is therefore concluded that when peach Early Grande cultivar sprayed with 80 ppm of GA3 and 3000 ppm of KNO3 the quality as well as yield of the crop were improved.

Variability in Physico-Chemical Fruit Quality in Dessert Type of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) Genotypes Located in Four Districts of Karnataka, India

The survey work for identifying elite jackfruit type was initiated in the year 2015 jackfruit season. During 2015 jackfruit season, 27 jackfruit types identified through an extensive survey were spread in 4 districts viz., North Canara (2 types), Chikmagalore (6 types), Tumkur (16 types) and Hassan (3 types). Analysis of variance for 30 characters in 27 type jackfruits revealed a greater variability in the survey zone. Flake thickness, bulb length and TSS exhibited a considerable amount of variation in number. Fruit weight had a range from 0.91 kg (Type-23) to 9.30 kg (Type-12). The type-12 recorded maximum fruit length (42.00 cm) and fruit breadth (30.40 cm). The bulb color varied from cream(Type-6) to Yellow(12 jackfruit types), light yellow(Eight types) and orange(four types) The maximum bulb number of 170 was noticed in the type-7. Bulb weight was maximum in Type-12 (5.42 kg) and minimum in Type-23 (0.22 kg). Bulb length showed a range from 8.53 cm (Type-17) to 3.92 cm (Type-23). Similarly bulb breadth was maximum in Type-13 (5.60 cm) and minimum in Type-5 (3.07 cm) and Type-6 (3.07 cm). Total Soluble Solids (TSS) content was noticed high in Type-18 (32.38oBrix). The maximum score for crispness was noted Type-4 (4.90) and Type -17 (4.90). Overall acceptability score was higher in Type-10 (4.50). Type-10 (4.50) was the best and having good score for overall acceptability and other physico chemical parameters studied.

Plant growth and yield performance of pomegranate varieties under hot arid eco-system

Five pomegranate varieties were evaluated for vegetative growth and yield for five years during 2017-2021 under a hot arid eco-system. No significant difference was observed among varieties with respect to vegetative characters except canopy volume. The maximum canopy volume was observed in cultivar Jalore seedless (1.73 m3) followed by Bhagwa (0.78 m3) and minimum in variety Ganesh (0.40 m3). The physical fruit parameters and yield attributing characters were recorded as superior in Jalore Seedless exhibited maximum fruit weight (189.8 g), fruit volume (127.2 cc), test weight (282.2 g), total aril weight/fruit (123.8 g), number of fruits/plant (66.6) and yield/plant (12.63 kg) followed by Ganesh and minimum was recorded in Phule Arakta with fruit weight (128.2 g), fruit volume (89.2 cc), test weight (174.0 g), number of fruits/plant (46.2) and yield/plant (5.00 kg). Aril weight (0.28 g), aril length and width (9.99 x 7.22 mm) were also observed to be significantly high in Jalore Seedless. A non-significant difference in juice per cent was observed among Mridula, Jalore Seedless and Bhagwa, with a maximum in cultivar Mridula (58), followed by Jalore Seedless and Bhagwa (50.4) and a minimum in Ganesh (37.4). The highest juice TSS was found in Jalore Seedless (17.02 °Brix) followed by Ganesh (16.52 °Brix) and Bhagwa (15.18 °Brix), while it was significantly lower in Mridula (13.26 °Brix). Based on vegetative growth, fruit physical parameters and fruit yield the performance of Jalore Seedless was superior over the other four varieties under a hot arid environment.

Nutritional Quality and Yield Performance of Plum (Prunus domestica) Varieties Grown in Punjab, Pakistan

Pakistan is ranked 17th in the world for plum production, with a total output of 67,000 tonnes. In terms of area and production, plum (Prunus domestica) is Pakistan's second largest stone fruit, after peach. Plum (Prunus domestica L.) is a temperate zone fruit crop, made up of different varieties. This study was carried out to evaluate the nutritional quality and yield performance of five different plum varieties (Methley, Shakar Prune, Santa Rosa, Hersminar, and Red Beaut) grown in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Plum samples were collected from the Horticultural Research Station, Nowshera (Soon Valley), Pakistan during May 2021 and analyzed for fruit yield and nutritional quality parameters. The maximum fruit fresh weight (52.9g) was recorded in Red Beaut and the lowest fresh weight (12.4 g) in Methley. The cultivar with the highest nutritional value was Shakar Prune with 16.4% of total soluble solids (TSS) and 12.2% of total sugars content, whereas the lowest nutritional value was recorded in Herisminar with total soluble solids (TSS) and total sugars content of 14.8% and 10.0%, respectively. All varieties showed significant variation in terms of fresh weight, total soluble solids (TSS), and total sugars. The results showed the yield performance and nutritional quality of different plum varieties, with Red Beaut and Shakarprune cultivars highlighted as the best. The study concluded that yield performance and nutritional quality depend strongly on the respective plum variety.

Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield and Quality Attributes of Sweet Orange (Citrus Sinensis L. Osbeck) CV. Phule Mosambi

Effects of integrated nutrient management (INM) approach on the growth, yield, and quality of sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] cv. Phule Mosambi was investigated. Eleven treatments were imposed in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) for two seasons (2019 and 2020) and among the treatments, T11 [50% RDN + 20kg FYM/tree + 25% N from Castor Cake + 10ml Bio NPK Consortium + Micronutrient foliar spray (1% Grade IV)] recorded the maximum incremental plant height (35.28 cm), plant spread N-S (45.73 cm), plant spread E-W (45.32 cm) and canopy volume (0.061m3). Similarly treatment T11 significantly increased several yield parameters viz., the maximum fruit length (8.11cm), fruit diameter (7.96 cm), fruit weight (241.91 g), fruit volume (251.17 cc), no. of fruits per tree (255.17), yield (61.81 kg per tree and 17.18 t/ha) in pooled data. Amid quality traits, T11 stood significantly superior with respect to total sugar (6.99 %) content; it also showed higher sugar: acid ratio (14.27), ascorbic acid content (40.11 mg/100 ml pulp). Hence this particular treatment can be adopted preferably in sweet orange cultivation at middle Gujarat (India). Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(2): 345-355, 2023 (June)

Combination of Control Methods for Brinjal Fruit And Shoot Borer <i>Leucinodes orbonalis</i>

Brinjal fruit and shoot borer Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee is an insect pest that causes major economic losses to brinjal in Malaysia. Field experiment was conducted at the experimental research farm (2°59'10.46"N, 101°44'8.78"E), Agriculture Faculty, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor, Malaysia. Treatment plots were assigned in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Six treatments were evaluated as follows: T1(chlorantraniliprole 8.77% W/W + thiamethoxam 17.54% W/W (0. 4mL/ ℓ)), T2 (neem oil @3mℓ/ ℓ), T3 (yellow sticky trap and hand-picking), T4 (chlorantraniliprole 8.77% W/W + thiamethoxam 17.54% W/W (0.4 mℓ/ ℓ) + yellow sticky trap + hand-picking), T5 (neem oil + yellow sticky trap and hand-picking) and T6 (control). Results found that the lowest shoot infestation (0.53± 0.13 %) lowest fruit infestation by number (8.15± 0.75 %) and weight (5.88± 0.66%), maximum fruit yield (26.93± 0.10 t/ha) recorded in T4 (chlorantraniliprole 8.77% W/W + thiamethoxam 17.54% W/W + yellow sticky trap + hand-picking) treated plot.