Maximum Dry Matter Production Research Articles

Field Experiment on Integrated Nutrient Management in Aggregatum Onion (Allium cepa var. aggregatum)

A field experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal, U.T. of Puducherry during the summer season of 2023 to investigate the integrated effects of organics and bioenhancers on the growth, bulb yield and quality of aggregatum onion (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) cv ‘Perambalur Local’. The experiment utilized a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two replications, incorporating two factors viz., fertilizers level (F1 with 6 levels) and bioenhancers (F2 with 3 levels), resulting in eighteen treatments in a factorial manner. The study materials included vermicompost, poultry manure, panchagavya and jeevamirtham, in addition to recommended Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and N, P, K fertilizers. Noteworthy observations were made in the treatment receiving Recommended Dose of FYM (RDFYM) + 75% N + Recommended Dose of P (RDP) + Recommended Dose of K (RDK) + 25% N through Poultry manure, coupled with the application of jeevamirtham at 500 L ha-1 as a soil drench thrice, coinciding with irrigation at planting, 20 and 45 days after planting (DAP). This treatment exhibited significant enhancements in various parameters including maximum plant height at 30 DAP (31.40 cm), leaf girth at 30 DAP (1.94 cm), number of leaves plant-1 at 30 DAP (25.80), fresh weight of top (12.26 g), polar (3.17 cm) and equatorial diameter of bulblet (2.94 cm), bulblet weight (9.30 g), number of bulblets plant-1 (10.00), maximum bulb yield (43.18 g plant-1 and 6.91 t ha-1) and dry matter production of bulbs (788.51 kg ha-1). These findings underscore the efficacy of integrating organic inputs and bioenhancers in optimizing the growth, yield and quality of aggregatum onion.

Effect of Inorganic Fertilizers and Biogas Slurry on Content and Uptake of NPK in Wheat Grown under Sodic Vertisols

Conjoint use of inorganic and organic amendments can be a pragmatic solution for improving soil physico-chemical and biological properties and sustaining crop productivity. Keeping in this view a pot experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2015-16 in net house of AICRP on Management of Salt Affected soils and use of Saline Water in Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Indore to study the effect of recommended doses of fertilizer and biogas slurry on uptake and content of NPK in wheat grown under sodic Vertisols. The treatment comprised of T0-Control, T1-100% RDF, T2- 100% RDF + 750 kg BGS ha-1, T3-75% RDF + 750 kg BGS ha-1, T4- 50% RDF + 750 kg BGS ha-1, T5- 100% RDF + 1000 kg BGS ha-1, T6-75% RDF + 1000 kg BGS ha-1, T7-50% RDF + 1000 kg BGS ha-1, T8-100% RDF + 1250 kg BGS ha-1, T9-75% RDF+ 1250 kg BGS ha-1, T10-50% RDF+ 1250 kg BGS ha-1 were laid in completely randomized design with 3 replications. Results showed that the treatment T9 (75% RDF+1250 kg BGS ha-1) gave maximum dry matter production (0.205, 0.434 and 0.821 g plant-1, respectively), N content (2.39, 1.58 and 1.36% respectively), P content (0.41, 0.30 and 0.24%, respectively) and K content (1.24, 0.68 and 1.68%, respectively) in wheat leaf at 30, 60 and 90 DAS. Maximum uptake of N (1.20 and 0.72 g pot-1, respectively), P (0.132 and 0.119 g pot-1, respectively) and K (0.237 and 1.08 g pot-1, respectively) by grain and straw of wheat respectively, were found with the application of T9 (75% RDF+1250 kg BGS ha-1). Thus, it may be concluded that integrated application of T9 (75% RDF+1250 kg BGS ha-1) not only increases dry matter production but also content and uptake by wheat.

Effect of the summer pearl millet-groundnut intercropping system on the growth, productivity and competitive ability of crops under south Odisha conditions

A millet-based intercropping system is common in dryland and rainfed conditions. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) exhibits wide adaptability to different agroclimatic conditions and seasons, making it suitable for an intercropping system. Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) is a leguminous oil-seed crop that can be cultivated as an intercrop in various cereals and millets to enhance productivity and resource efficiency. Based on these facts, the present study was conducted at the Research Farm of Centurion University of Technology and Management during the summer season of 2022 to assess the effect of the summer pearl millet + groundnut intercropping system on the growth, productivity, and competitive ability of crops under the conditions of south Odisha. The experiment consisted of nine treatments. In case of pearl millet, the highest plant height at harvest was achieved in pearl millet (30 cm × 10 cm) + groundnut (1:1) (186 cm), while the maximum plant height of groundnut at harvest was observed in pearl millet (45 cm × 10 cm) + groundnut (1:2) (70cm). Dry matter production at harvest and leaf area index (LAI) at 60 days after sowing (DAS) of pearl millet were highest in pearl millet sole (857 g m-2 and 2.19, respectively). The maximum dry matter production at harvest was found in groundnut sole. The highest yield of individual crops was observed in their pure stands, with 2677 kg ha-1 and 2633 kg ha-1 of pearl millet grain and groundnut pod, respectively. Among mixed stands, pearl millet (30 cm × 10 cm) + groundnut (1:1) and pearl millet (45 cm × 10cm) + groundnut (1:1) showed superior values of different competition functions, such as aggressivity, relative crowding coefficient, monetary advantage, land equivalent ratio, and area time equivalent ratio. The results concluded that pearl millet and groundnut could be intercropped with a 1:1 row proportion with pearl millet spacing of either 30 cm × 10 cm or 45 cm × 10 cm in south Odisha conditions.

An Experimental Study on Productivity and Bio-molecular Compounds of Direct-Seeded Medicinal Rice Varieties as Influenced by Nutrient Sources and Soil Conditions

Background: Rice being staple food has qualities beyond its nutritive value with high digestibility and least allergic properties compared to other cereal grains. Research on exploring the nutritional value of traditional rice varieties with its inherent medicinal values and productivity has poor documentation and hence should be encouraged and supported. Field experiment was conducted with the objective to study the productivity of medicinal rice varieties as influenced by nutrient sources (inorganic and organic) and soil conditions (reduced and oxidized) under direct seeded rice. Methods: A field experiment was conducted in the wetland during Rabi season (October-February) at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore with an objective to study the effect of crop establishment of medicinal rice varieties as influenced with nutrient sources and soil conditions under direct seeded rice. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of soil conditions (reduced, oxidized) as one factor, sources of nutrients (inorganic, organic) as the second factor and four medicinal rice varieties (Black Kavuni, Red Kavuni, Local Kavuni and Njavara) as the third factor. Result: The reduced condition and inorganic source of nutrient recorded higher plant height, maximum tiller population dry matter production, leaf area index, panicle length, higher number of spikelet panicle-1, 1000-grain weight and filled grains. Among the medicinal rice varieties, Red Kavuni recorded higher growth parameters and yield attributes. From the above results, it could be concluded that Red Kavuni medicinal rice under a reduced condition with inorganic nutrients resulted in higher growth parameters and yield attributes.

Studies on the Management of Soil Fertility and Sustainable Productivity in Bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

A field experiment on COBh Hybrid Bhendi 4 was conducted in the Department of Horticulture, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal, U.T. of Puducherry, during summer 2022 with the objective of comparing the effects of organics and bioenhancers on soil fertility restoration and sustained vegetable production. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with two replications involving two factors (fertilisers and bioenhancers) forming eighteen treatment combination in a factorial way (FRBD). The study material comprised of vermicompost and goat manure (organics) as well as panchagavya and jivamirtham (bioenhancers), besides recommended FYM and N, P, K fertilisers in various combinations. Maximum plant height (118.62 cm), number of primary branches (5.02) at final harvest, maximum fruit length (15.49 cm) and fruit girth (6.89 cm), fruit weight (21.71 g), number of fruits plant-1 (51.70), highest yield (891.60 g plant-1 and 16.47 t ha-1) and maximum dry matter production (5.74 t ha-1) were recorded in the treatment receiving RDF with 3 per cent panchagavya as foliar spray on 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAS.

Effect of Integrated Weed Management Practices on Growth, Physiology and Yield of Direct Sown Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.)

To determine “Effect of integrated weed management practices in direct sown finger millet”. The field experiment was conducted during rabi 2022 at South Farm, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore. The soil of the experimental field was sandy clay loam in texture, pH 6.9, level of organic content (0.37%), available N (336 kg ha-1), P (91 kg ha-1) and K (261 kg ha-1). The experiment was laid out in completely randomized block design. T1 (PE pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg ha-1 8 DAS + Hand weeding (HW) @ 35 DAS), T2 (PoE 2,4-D @ 2 kg ha-1 40 DAS + Hand weeding (HW) @ 35 DAS), T3 (PE pretilachlor @ 0.75 kg ha-1 8 DAS + Hand weeding (HW) @ 35 DAS), T4 (PoE 2,4-D @ 2 kg ha-1 40 DAS + Twin wheel hoe weeding (TWHW) @ 30 DAS), T5 (PE pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg ha-1 8 DAS + Twin wheel hoe weeding @ 30 DAS), T6 (PE pretilachlor @ 0.75 kg ha-1 8 DAS + Twin wheel hoe weeding (TWHW) @ 30 DAS), T7 (Hand weeding (HW) @ 25 and 40 DAS), T8 (Twin wheel hoe weeding (TWHW) @ 25 and 40 DAS), T9 (Hand weeding (HW) @ 25 DAS + Twin wheel hoe weeding (TWHW) @ 40 DAS), T10 (Unweeded control). The result shows that the weed control practices significantly decreases weeds also higher control of weed infestation was observed in PE pretilachlor @ 0.75kg ha-1 8 DAS + Twin wheel hoe weeding @ 30 DAS. The maximum dry matter production, CGR, RGR, NPK uptake and grain yield (2368 kg ha-1) were also found higher in PE pretilachlor @ 0.75kg ha-1 8 DAS + Twin wheel hoe weeding @ 30 DAS. From this study it is concluded that application of pre emergence herbicide pretilachlor along with twin wheel hoe weeder increases the crop growth and yield.

Dry matter accumulation and macronutrient uptake in sugarcane varieties

The increase of the area cultivated with sugarcane has demanded information about the culture, mainly in relation to its nutritional needs. There are few studies that report the nutrient uptake in sugarcane, in addition, there are no reports of studies focused on the different periods of sugarcane growth and development. In view of the above, the objective of this research was to determine the macronutrient uptake and dry matter production in the shoots of two sugarcane varieties. The experiment was carried out in Vicentina, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, during the 2017/2018 harvest, using two varieties of sugarcane (RB92579 and SP832847). The experimental design was in randomized blocks with two sugarcane varieties, nine collecting times (90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300 and 330 days after planting (DAP) and 4 replications. Samples were collected from the shoots of 10 plants, which were divided into leaves, sheaths and stalks, then dried and weighed, and finally the samples were submitted to laboratory analysis to determine the nutrient concentrations in each organ. The accumulation of macronutrients in the shoots of both varieties followed the order: K > N > Ca > S>Mg > P. The export by the stalk followed the order K > N > Ca > S > P > Mg for RB92579 and K > N > Ca = P > S > Mg for SP832847. Maximum accumulation of nutrients and the maximum dry matter production occurred in the interval between 240 and 300 DAP. The variety SP832847 accumulated higher amounts of nutrients and dry matter in relation to RB92579, as well as the time required for the maximum accumulation was shorter.

Effect of NPK Levels with Biofertilizers on Growth and Yield of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) in Alluvial Soil of Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh

A field experiment was carried out during rabi season in December 2021-May 2022 at the Crop Research Center Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, School of Agriculture, ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, to investigate the effect of different levels of N, P and K fertilizers with biofertilizers on growth, dry matter accumulation and yield of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) in Alluvial soil of Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental treatments comprised nine NPK with biofertilizers combinations as control, (no nutrient added) 50% RD of NPK, 75% RD of NPK, 100% RD of NPK, 50% RD of NPK with N-fixer, 50% RD of NPK with Aspergillus niger, and 50% RD of NPK with N-Fixer & Aspergillus niger, 75% RD of NPK with N-fixer, 75% RD of NPK with Aspergillus niger, and 75% RD of NPK with N- Fixer & Aspergillus niger. Growth and yield significantly influenced by different doses of NPK with biofertilizers. Application of 75% RD of NPK with N- Fixer & Aspergillus niger) produced the tallest plant height maximum dry matter production at harvest-1), highest green chilli and stover yield of chilli (122.54 q ha-1 and 14.38 qha-1). Based on the results of this study, it can be suggested that the combined use of 75% RD of NPK with N- fixer + Aspergillus niger increased plant growth and fruit yield of chilli.

Extracción de nutrimentos y rendimiento de materia seca en el ñame cv 'Gunung' (Dioscorea alata) sembrado sin soportes en un suelo Ultisol

Se establecieron dos experimentos en las mismas parcelas desde 1 de mayo a 1 de diciembre de 1991 y 1992 para determinar la extracción mensual de nutrimentos y producción de materia seca en el ñame 'Gunung'. En el primer año las plantas fueron abonadas a razón de 0; 667; 1,333; 2,000 y 2,667 kg/ha con un fertilizante 15-5-15-5 (N, P2O5, K2O y MgO) suplementado con elementos menores. El segundo año no se aplicó fertilizante. Se efectuaron seis cosechas de biomasa a los 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 y 7 meses después de la siembra. En cada cosecha las plantas fueron excavadas y separadas en láminas de hojas, tallos y peciolos, raíces y tubérculos. Se determinó el peso húmedo y seco de ios componentes de la planta y se obtuvieron muestras de tejido. Luego estas muestras se analizaron para determinar su contenido de N, P, K, Ca y Mg. Independientemente del año, los tratamientos de fertilizantes no afectaron significativemente el rendimiento en peso seco de los tubérculos mercadeables. La extracción máxima de nutrimentos fue 214 kg/ ha de N, 19 kg/ha de P, 223 kg/ha de K, 95 kg/ha de Ca y 9 kg/ha de Mg. La producción máxima de materia seca fue 11,303 kg/ha de los cuales 8,672 kg/ ha se acumularon en los tubérculos mercadeables. La extracción máxima de N, K, y Ca ocurrió a los cinco meses después de la siembra. La producción máxima de materia seca fue a los siete meses. Las plantas del ñame utilizaron 24.7 kg/ha de N, 2.2 kg/ha de P, 25.7 kg/ha de K, 11.0 kg/ha de Ca y 1.0 kg/ha de Mg por cada 1,000 kg/ha de materia seca comestible producida.

Effect of Smashing Ridge Tillage Depth on Soil Water, Salinity, and Yield in Saline Cotton Fields in South Xinjiang, China

To explore the potential of smashing ridge tillage irrigation, it is necessary to investigate how smashing ridge tillage technology with mulched drip irrigation affects soil water, salinity, and cotton yield in saline fields. We conducted a two-year (2020–2021) field experiment to study the effects of different smashing ridge tillage depths on soil bulk density, moisture, salinity, dry matter production, yield, and its constituents (effective bolls, 100-bell weight). There were three smashing ridge tillage depths: A (20 cm), B (40 cm), and C (60 cm), with traditional tillage as the CT. The results showed that all of the smashing ridge tillage could reduce soil bulk density, improve the utilization and uptake of deep soil water during the rapid growth period, and reduce the soil salt content. Compared with the CT treatment, the average soil bulk density of the 0–60 cm soil layer in treatments A, B, and C in 2020 and 2021 decreased by 3.05%, 5.87%, 10.09%, and 1.65%, 4.48%, and 8.49%, respectively. The average soil water content in the 0–120 cm soil layer at the flowering and boll stage decreased by 3.68%, 6.28%, 9.04%, and 3.59%, 6.52%, and 9.98%, respectively; the soil salt content in the 0–120 cm soil layer at the boll opening stage decreased by 4.21%, 6.75%, 11.95%, and 5.47%, 24.25%, and 54.13%, respectively. Cotton dry matter production and yield tended to increase with an increasing depth of smash ridge tillage. Treatment C obtained the maximum dry matter production, seed cotton yield, effective bolls, and 100-boll weight. The dry matter production at the boll opening stage was significantly increased by 17.16% and 15.91%, and the yield was significantly increased by 65.24% and 84.14% in treatments C in 2020 and 2021, respectively, compared to CT. The smashing ridge tillage of 60 cm can optimize the structure of the soil tillage layer and also reduce soil salinity and increase yield, which is the suitable depth of smashing ridge tillage for saline cotton fields in the south of Xinjiang. The findings of the study can provide some theoretical basis and practical experience for the improvement of saline soils and sustainable agricultural development in South Xinjiang, China.

Lime and Phosphorus Rates Response on Dry Matter Production and Partitioning of Hybrid of Coffee (<i>Coffea arabica</i> L.) Seedlings Growth on Acidic Soil

Coffee (<i>Coffea arabica</i> L.) is indigenous to the tropical rain forests of Ethiopia in the South and Southwest where there was persistent usage since ancient times. Coffee soils in the south-western parts of Ethiopia can be attributed to excessive accumulations of aluminum, iron or manganese which leads to deficiencies of phosphorus other nutrients. This low soil pH and nutrient deficiencies encountered in the soils of the study area are expected to decrease the growth and dry matter of coffee seedlings. Liming is more effective in combination with phosphorus fertilization or that the secondary effect of liming is higher phosphorus fertilizer availability to the coffee seedlings. The research was conducted at Jimma Agricultural Research Center, south west Ethiopia to evaluate the response of lime and phosphorus rates on coffee seedlings dry matter production and partitioning. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The treatments were arranged in factorial combinations of five levels of lime (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g) and four levels of phosphorus (0, 400, 600 and 800 mg) 2.5 kg-¹ top soil. The statistical data was analyzed through SAS software and treatment means were compared at 5% probability using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results revealed that the interactions of lime and P rates significantly increased dry matter production, partitioning and shoot to root ratio. The maximum dry matter production, partitioning and shoot to root ratio were recorded from the interaction of 10 g lime and 800 mg P rates 2.5 kg-¹ top soil. Hence, combined application of 10 g lime and 800 mg P rate 2.5 kg-¹ top provides the optimum dry matter production, partitioning and shoot to root ratio for the growth of coffee seedlings under nursery conditions.

Phosphate fertilization for rice irrigated in soils with different phosphorus adsorption capacities

ABSTRACT This work evaluated the response of irrigated rice fertilized with two sources of phosphorus in paddy soils with different phosphorus adsorption capacities. Also, it evaluated the phosphorus availability predictive ability for irrigated rice. We studied two soils with different maximum phosphorus adsorption capacities (MPAC), a Planosol (low MPAC) and a Gleysol (high MPAC). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse evaluating two sources (rock phosphate and triple superphosphate) and six levels (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg kg−1) of phosphorus. Phosphorus contents in the soil, in the soil solution and the dry matter weight of the plants were evaluated. Phosphorus contents in the soil were analyzed by extractors Mehlich-1 and Anion Exchange Resin. The Mehlich-1 extractor and the Anion Exchange Resin methods were equivalent in the ability to predict the availability of phosphorus for rice in both soils, with high and low MPAC. The highest response rates of rice to fertilization were 10 mg kg−1 and 80 mg kg−1 of phosphorus in the Planosol and Gleysol, respectively. This proves the hypothesis of the work that soils with higher MPAC require higher doses of phosphate to reach maximum dry matter production.

Influence of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of Safed Musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant. and Fernand.)

An experiment on “Influence of integrated nutrient management (INM) on growth and yield of safed musli” was carried out at KRC college of Horticulture, Arabhavi, Gokak, Karnataka during 2018-19 as a part of Ph.D programme. The result revealed that plant supplied with humic acid recorded maximum plant height (29.99 cm) which was on par with the panchagavya (29.76 cm). Significantly maximum total dry matter production of 1.66 g plant-1 and maximum fresh root yield was observed in (0.70 kg plot-1 and 33.42 q ha-1, respectively) observed in panchagavya drenched plants. Among inorganic and organic application, 100 per cent RD NPK 50:40:40 kg ha-1 recorded significantly maximum plant height (31.53 cm), maximum number of leaves (17.48 plant-1), total dry matter production (2.18 g plant-1) and significantly highest fresh root yield per plot and per hectare (0.74 kg plot-1 and 36.26 q ha-1, respectively). Among interaction effect, panchagavya (3%) + 100 per cent RD NPK 50:40:40 kg ha-1 recorded maximum plant height (33.10 cm), total dry matter production (2.30 g plant-1) and significantly highest fresh root yield per plot and per hectare (0.81kg and 38.34q, respectively).

DRY MATTER PARTITIONING OF MAIZE PLANT AS AFFECTED BY WATER MANAGEMENT AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES

The research work was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, in the fiscal year 2017-2018 to study the dry matter partitioning of maize plant affected by water management at different growth stages. The research was conducted in a split plot design with three replications where irrigation stages were allocated in main plots and varieties were allocated in sub plots. There were five irrigation management treatments viz. I0 – (No irrigation), I1 – (Four leaf stage + eight leaf stage + tasselling stage+ grain filling stage), I2 – (Four leaf stage+ eight leaf stage + tasselling stage), I3- (Eight leaf stage + tasselling stage +grain filling stage), I4 -(Four leaf stage + tasselling stage+ grain filling stage), I5 -(Four leaf stage+ eight leaf stage+ grain filling stage) and there were three varieties viz. V1 – (BARI hybrid vutta-9), V2 – (BARI hybrid vutta-13), V3 – (pacific-559) in the experiment. The highest dry matter by root, culm, leaf, tassel and cob as well as by total dry matter and seed yield was obtained with the water management treatment I1(Four leaf stage + eight leaf stage + tasselling stage+ grain filling stage) which is statistically similar to treatment I4(Four leaf stage + tasselling stage+ grain filling stage) and the highest dry matter by root, culm, leaf, tassel and cob as well as total dry matter and seed yieldwas obtained due to the varietal factor V3 (pacific-559). Interaction between I1 irrigation treatment and V3 varietal factor (I1V3) were found to be the best combination for maximum dry matter production which is statistically similar to I4V3 interaction. As I4 treatment and I4V3 interaction are cost effective than I1 treatment and I1V3 interaction, respectively, irrigation should be given at Four leaf stage, tasselling stage, and grain filling stage with variety pacific-559 for maximum dry matter as well as for maximum grain production in maize

Biometric observations of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by NK ratios and time of sowing

An experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala, India. The treatments were laid out in factorial randomized block design. Different NK ratios (60:30, 120:60, 120:90, 140:70 and 140:105) and two time of sowing (one week after the commencement of SW monsoon, 2019 and two weeks after the commencement of SW monsoon, 2019) were studied and evaluated statistically on growth characters like plant height (30 DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest), number of tillers m-2 (60 DAS) leaf area index (60 DAS) and dry matter production (60 DAS and at harvest). The results revealed that there is significant difference in biometric observations. The treatment l6 (140:105 kg ha-1 of NK at 2:1.5 ratio) recorded the maximum plant height (99.23 cm), highest number of tillers m-2 (378.83) and dry matter production (5073 kg ha-1). Regarding time of sowing, s1 (sowing one week after the commencement of S-W monsoon, 2019) produced the tallest plants (96.77 cm), highest number of tillers m-2 (345.00) and dry matter production (4618 kg ha-1). Among the treatment combinations, l6s1 (140:105 kg ha-1 of NK at 2:1.5 ratio and time of sowing one week after the commencement of S-W monsoon, 2019) produced the tallest plants (101.70 cm), highest number of tillers m-2 (415.67) and the maximum dry matter production (5256 kg ha-1).

Effect of zinc levels and moisture regimes on growth and nutrient uptake of direct seeded rice

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2017 in Split Plot Design with three replications at Crop Research Centre of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, and Bihar. The treatments consisted of four moisture regimes in main plots and four zinc levels in sub plots. The result showed that maximum dry matter production (966.27 g/m2), crop growth rate (13.05 g/m2/day), straw yield (47.07 kg/ha), total uptake of N (63.71 kg/ha), P (17.48 kg/ha)K (76.59 kg/ha)& Zn (214.61 g/ha)by crop were found to be maximum with I1 moisture regime which were significantly superior overI3and I4 but was statistically at par with I2 except total uptake of N which was significantly superior over I4 but was statistically at par with I2 and I3 but maximum WUE (33.29 kg/ha-cm)was obtained with I2 which was significantly superior over I1 and I4 but was statistically par with I3.. In context of sub plot treatments maximum dry matter production (955.32 g/m2), crop growth rate (12.91 g/m2/day), straw yield (46.42 kg/ha), WUE 33.80 kg/ha-cm), total N (65.06 kg/ha), K (75.80 kg/ha) and Zn (212.95 g/ha) uptake by crop found maximum with Z3 which were significantly superior over Z1but were statistically at par with Z2 and Z4, except total N uptake by crop which was significantly superior over Z1andZ4 but statistically at par with Z2, while maximum total P (16.11 kg/ha) uptake by crop were recorded with control plot which was significantly superior over Z3 but was statistically at par with Z2and Z4.

Growth and Yield Performance of Six Aman Rice Varieties of Bangladesh

A field experiment was conducted with six rice varieties to determine their growth and yield performance. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. All the growth and yield contributing attributes varied significantly among the six rice varieties. The results revealed that in all rice varieties maximum growth performance observed at 58-68 Days after transplanting and maximum dry matter production was observed at 68 days after transplanting. Maximum number of filled spikelet observed in Binadhan-17 (164.89/ penical) and that was significantly different from other varieties. Percent of sterile spikelet was highest in BRRI dhan39 (12.9%) and that was statistically similar with Binadhan-16 (11.96%) and BRRI dhan33 (12.36%). Maximum 1000-seed weight was observed in Binadhan-17 (27.25 g). Highest grain yield was obtained from Binadhan-17 (6.13 t/h) that was significantly different from other varieties. Lowest grain yield observed in BRRI dhan39 (4.49 t/h) that was statistically similar to BRRI dhan33 (4.57 t/h) and Binadhan-7 (4.86 t/h).

تأثیر کودهای دامی، بیولوژیک و شیمیایی بر شاخصهای رشد گیاه آلوئهورا (Aloe barbadensis Miller.) در استان بوشهر

آلوئه‌ورا (Aloe barbadensis Miller. ) جزء گیاهان با فتوسنتز متابولیسم اسید کراسولاسه می‌باشد. با توجه به اهمیت آلوئه‌ورا به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی سازگار با اقلیم ایران و به‌خصوص استان بوشهر و عدم وجود اطلاعات کافی در خصوص واکنش‌های رشدی و عملکردی این گیاه به کودهای غیرشیمیایی، این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی اثر کودهای دامی، بیولوژیک و شیمیایی بر خصوصیات رشدی آلوئه‌ورا انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‏های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان بوشهر در سال زراعی 92-1391 به اجرا درآمد. عامل اصلی شامل کاربرد و عدم کاربرد کود گوسفندی (20 تن در هکتار) و عامل فرعی شامل کودهای بیولوژیک و شیمیایی در پنج سطح (1- کود شیمیایی (80 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپرفسفات تریپل و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره)، 2- کود بیولوژیک میکوریزا (خاک حاوی قارچ‌هایی از گونه موسه‌آ)، 3- کود بیولوژیک نیتراژین شامل باکتری‌های ازتوباکتر، سدوموناس و آزسپیریلیوم.، 4- ترکیب دو کود بیولوژیک میکوریزا و نیتراژین و 5- شاهد (بدون مصرف کود)) بودند. شاخص سطح برگ، حداکثر ماده خشک، سرعت رشد محصول، سرعت رشد نسبی، سرعت آسیمیلاسیون خالص و نسبت سطح برگ اندازه‌گیری و محاسبه شدند. نتایج نشان داد برهمکنش بین کود دامی و کودهای بیولوژیک و شیمیایی بر شاخص سطح برگ و حداکثر ماده خشک آلوئه‌ورا معنی‌دار بود. کاربرد کود دامی در مقایسه با عدم کاربرد آن باعث بهبود شاخص‏های رشد گردید. تلفیق کود دامی با کود شیمیایی بیشترین تأثیر را بر رشد آلوئه‌ورا داشت. به‌طوری که تیمار تلفیقی کود دامی با کود شیمیایی دارای بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ (1/6)، سرعت رشد محصول (79/0 گرم در مترمربع در روز) و حداکثر ماده خشک (57/111 گرم در متر‌مربع) بود. در نهایت نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که برای تولید عملکرد بالا و با کیفیت آلوئه‌ورا می‏توان از تلفیق کودهای دامی و بیولوژیک به جای کودهای شیمیایی سود برد.

Soil moisture conservation practices on growth and yield of cotton under rainfed conditions of Tamil Nadu

A field experiment was conducted at Cotton Research Station, Veppanthattai, Perambalur district of Tamil Nadu between October 2012 to March 2013 to study the effect of different in situ moisture conservation practices on cotton. The main plot treatments (4) comprised of summer ploughing + harrowing, chisel ploughing + harrowing, summer ploughing + chisel ploughing + harrowing and incorporating coir pith (5 tons/ha) by coir pith applicator. The subplot treatments (5) included broad bed furrow, ridges and furrow, random tied ridging, basin listing and conventional method. Significantly higher and consistent availability of soil moisture (9.4-29.1 %) was recorded by incorporating coir pith using coir pith applicator as compared to other main plot treatments and among subplots, broad bed furrow conserved higher soil moisture (29.5 %) followed by ridges and furrows (27.2 %). Maximum plant height (142.3 cm) and dry matter production (4632.0 kg/ha) was observed in coir pith application with broad bed furrow treatment. Broad bed furrow increased the yield by 19.23 % (2167.5 kg/ha) over the control. Hence coir pith application with broad bed furrow is found to be the best practice for enhanced soil moisture availability as compared to other conservation practices for deep clay soils.

Cassava wastewater as organic fertilizer in ‘Marandu’ grass pasture

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the use of wastewater from the cassava processing as organic fertilizer on pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv. ‘Marandu’. The treatments were wastewater doses (0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 m3 ha-1), in a randomized block design with four replicates. The structural characteristics and morphological composition of the pastures were evaluated, from July 2013 to January 2014. The addition of wastewater promoted a positive linear increase in the three cuts for the canopy height, light interception and leaf area index. The maximum dry matter (DM) production was obtained with 120 m3 ha-1 of wastewater (2796 kg ha-1 of DM in the second cut). The mass of senescent material in the second and third cuts fitted to positive linear equation. The increase in wastewater doses promoted the reduction of undesirable plants. The recommended dose of residual water in pastures of ‘Marandu’ grass is 120 m3 ha-1, which promotes a higher mass of forage and lower of undesirable plants.