Maximum Compressive Stress Research Articles

Investigation of residual stress formation mechanism with water jet strengthening of CoCrFeNiAlx high-entropy alloy

This study investigates the strengthening mechanism of water jet (WJ) on the high-entropy alloy CoCrFeNiAlx (x = 0, 0.6, 1). Finite element simulation analysis was conducted to examine the changes in residual stress, surface roughness, and stress triaxiality of high-entropy alloys under different jet velocities and Al contents. Subsequently, an experimental validation of surface roughness was performed using the Al1 high-entropy alloy. The results reveal that the residual compressive stress and maximum residual compressive stress on the high-entropy alloy's surface increase with the jet velocity, irrespective of the Al content. However, the depth of the maximum residual compressive stress decreases as the Al content increases. At a jet velocity of 280 mm/s, the residual compressive stress on the surface of the Al1 high-entropy alloy surpasses that of the Al0.6 high-entropy alloy. Specifically, the residual compressive stress on the surface of the Al1 high-entropy alloy is approximately 265 MPa, which is significantly higher than the value of 9 MPa for the Al0.6 high-entropy alloy. When the jet velocity reaches 300 mm/s, the surface residual compressive stress of the high-entropy alloys shows a positive correlation with the Al content. The residual compressive stress on the surface of the Al1 high-entropy alloy is about 1.89 times and 1.23 times that of the Al0 and Al0.6 high-entropy alloys, respectively. As the jet velocity continues to increase to 320 mm/s, the maximum residual compressive stress of the high-entropy alloys follows the order: Al0.6 > Al0 > Al1. The maximum residual compressive stress of the Al0.6 high-entropy alloy measures approximately 477 MPa, which is approximately 82 MPa higher than that of the Al0 high-entropy alloy. Subsequently, at a jet velocity of 340 mm/s, the Al0.6 high-entropy alloy exhibits the highest maximum residual compressive stress, reaching a value of 650 MPa.Additionally, a negative correlation between surface roughness and jet velocity is observed. Moreover, an increase in Al content within the high-entropy alloys significantly reduces surface roughness under the same jet velocity impact.

Experimental and numerical study of residual stresses in 550 MPa high strength steel welded angle sections

Residual stresses caused by non-uniform cooling after welding significantly affects the mechanical properties of welding members. In this work, the sectioning method is used to investigate the residual stresses in four welded-angle section with the yield strength of 550 MPa (fy). The maximum residual tensile stresses locating at the welding zone are close to the yield strength, and the maximum residual compressive stresses distributed on the middle of plates are around 0.40 fy. The residual stresses distributed in welded-angle section are then observed using finite element method (FEM), which is validated by experimental results, and the influences of several parameters on the residual stresses are discussed. The maximum residual compressive stresses decreases with the increase of the width-to-thickness ratio, b/t, and the tensile residual stresses have no obvious relations with the ratio of b/t. The increase of the yield strength will lead to the increase of residual tensile stresses near the welding region, but its increase has insignificant on the ratio of the residual tensile stresses to the yield strength of steel grade. A distribution model for HSS (i.e., Q460, Q550, and Q690) welded angle section is presented, and it agrees well with data from the experiment and FEM.

TRISO burnup-dependent failure analysis in FHRs using BISON

In this study, we perform a study on TRIstructural ISOtropic (TRISO) Silicon Carbide (SiC) layer failure using the BISON fuel performance code. SiC thermomechanical behavior is analyzed during both steady-state and accident scenarios pertaining to a Fluoride-Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactor (FHR). A monodimensional single particle model is adapted from a previous analysis and run at 140 mW/particle for 500 days. The maximum burnup reached is 18.49% FIMA. A total of three accident scenarios are simulated at both fresh fuel conditions and following multiple irradiations at 2% FIMA increments up to 18.49% FIMA. The instances include an overcooling transient, a Control Rod Withdrawal (CRW) and a Loss of Forced Cooling Accident (LOFA). SiC hoop stress and failure probability predictions are evaluated for all simulated cases. A consistent tangential compressive stress state is found as a function of burnup for SiC. The maximum compressive hoop stress reaches approximately -400 MPa. The maximum SiC failure probability as a function of burnup is 2⋅10−13% at steady-state and no increases are predicted during transient simulations. It is concluded that the selected accident scenarios, under our modeling assumptions, are not predicted to pose a challenge to SiC integrity due to their relatively slow progression and low temperature increments, for both fresh fuel and at burnup values up to 18.49% FIMA. A 2D model is used, along with XFEM, to simulate a crack in the Inner Pyrolytic Carbon (IPyC). Conservative IPyC failure predictions are obtained with Weibull statistics approximately 38 days after beginning of irradiation. After crack formation, hoop stress concentrations are predicted in SiC using conservative assumptions, with failure probability increasing to 3.3⋅10−4%. 2D BISON simulations of the base irradiation are then carried out to the maximum burnup and transient conditions are subsequently applied. SiC maximum tensile hoop stress is predicted at the time of crack initiation, after which crack expansion reduces the predicted stress magnitude in the material. The results presented in the work are interpreted under the selected modeling assumptions and conclusions are based on a comparison with a parallel analysis on a High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor design to evaluate the effects of power density and burnup on SiC performance.

Experimental and numerical investigation of the deep rolling process focussing on 34CrNiMo6 railway axles

Deep rolling is a powerful tool to increase the service life or reduce the weight of railway axles. Three fatigue-resistant increasing effects are achieved in one treatment: lower surface roughness, strain hardening and compressive residual stresses near the surface. In this work, all measurable changes introduced by the deep rolling process are investigated. A partly deep-rolled railway axle made of high strength steel material 34CrNiMo6 is investigated experimentally. Microstructure analyses, hardness-, roughness-, FWHM- and residual stress measurements are performed. By the microstructure analyses a very local grain distortion, in the range < 5 µm, is proven in the deep rolled section. Stable hardness values, but increased strain hardening is detected by means of FWHM and the surface roughness is significantly reduced by the process application. Residual stresses were measured using the XRD and HD methods. Similar surface values are proven, but the determined depth profiles deviate. Residual stress measurements have generally limitations when measuring in depth, but especially their distribution is significant for increasing the durability of steel materials. Therefore, a numerical deep rolling simulation model is additionally built. Based on uniaxial tensile and cyclic test results, examined on specimen machined from the edge layer of the railway axle, an elastic–plastic Chaboche material model is parameterised. The material model is added to the simulation model and so the introduced residual stresses can be simulated. The comparison of the simulated residual stress in-depth profile, considering the electrochemical removal, shows good agreement to the measurement results. The so validated simulation model is able to determine the prevailing residual stress state near the surface after deep rolling the railway axle. Maximum compressive residual stresses up to about -1,000 MPa near the surface are achieved. The change from the induced compressive to the compensating tensile residual stress range occurs at a depth of 3.5 mm and maximum tensile residual stresses of + 100 MPa at a depth of 4 mm are introduced. In summary, the presented experimental and numerical results demonstrate the modifications induced by the deep rolling process application on a railway axle and lay the foundation for a further optimisation of the deep rolling process.

Starfish‐Inspired Cut‐Resistant Hydrogel with Self‐Growing Armor: Where Softness Meets Toughness

AbstractMany soft animals like starfish have developed armors to protect their soft bodies in order to survive in harsh environment. Inspired by this fact, special hydrogels with self‐growing protective armors are developed by allowing sodium acetate to crystallize on hydrogel surface. Poly(acrylic acid) chains limit the crystalline region to the surface of the hydrogel by decreasing the pH value and limiting the movement of ions, and then creating a set of tough armor. This armor‐protected hydrogel is able to withstand a high pressure (&gt; 78 MPa) under cutting and prevent the penetration of sharp objects. Interestingly, the unique stimulated‐precipitation mechanism allows the armor to repair itself after damage. Besides, the surface of hydrogel changes from “sticky” to “slippery”, which also helps to improve its protective ability. Moreover, the armor helps to retrain water in hydrogel network, and significantly improve the mechanical properties of hydrogels (maximum compressive stress &gt;18 MPa, compressive strain &gt; 90%). In addition, the hydrogel can keep soft and work durably at extreme temperatures (−50 °C and 80 °C) due to the high salt concentration. This study provides an innovative approach for designing armor‐protected hydrogels with great potential in engineering applications such as actuators and sensors for harsh environments.

Dynamic response of large-section inclined shallow-buried pipe tunnel under train loads

To ensure the normal passage of an ascending road during the construction of a pipe-jacking tunnel, trains generally run at low speeds during the construction phase and adopt normal speeds later. Using Jingjiu Road, Xi’an, China, as an engineering case, this study evaluated and predicted the dynamic response of a tunnel structure and soil mass when trains run at low to normal speeds. When the train speed was controlled in the range of 30–60 km/h, the soil deformation change rate around the shallow-buried pipe-jacking tunnel was 0.41%. The maximum tensile stress growth rate of the pipe-jacking tunnel structure was 0.037%, the maximum compressive stress growth rate was 0.128%, and the maximum increase in the stress of the pipe-jacking structure was 1.82%. Thus, the soil and structure of the pipe-jacking tunnel were in a safe-stress state. The results show that the influence of train speed on soil and structural stress is small and can be ignored.

Experimental investigation on the structural performance of the high-strength ring strengthened dowel connection under monotonic load

Traditional dowel connections embedded into concrete are susceptible to localised concrete crushing under heavy wheel loads. To address this issue, this paper introduces an innovative high-strength ring strengthened dowel connection to improve the bearing resistance of concrete at the joint surface. Monotonic load tests were conducted to investigate the effects of the high-strength ring concrete compressive strength, the high-strength ring thickness and length on improving ultimate load and mitigating localised concrete crushing. Test results indicated that the ultimate load and the initial stiffness of the specimen were greatly improved after applying the high-strength rings. Because of the excellent compressive resistance of the ring concrete, the initiation of the crushing zone was delayed, and the maximum compressive stress in normal strength concrete was reduced with the increase of the ring thickness. In addition, the deflection response of the dowel connection embedded into concrete could be predicted by the beam on elastic foundation (BEF) and the beam on inelastic foundation (BIF) theories. Based on the deformation of the dowel connection and surrounding concrete, the analytical solution was derived to predict the ultimate load of the high-strength ring strengthened dowel connection embedded into concrete.

New Models for Calculating the Maximum Compressive Force of Paper in Its Plane.

The main objective of the presented research was to find a model that describes the maximum compressive force of paper in its plane. The research began with crushing tests of a number of packaging paper samples of various lengths. It was shown that due to the specific structure of the paper and the high heterogeneity of its structure, packaging paper is material where it is difficult to determine the maximum compressive stress. Next, three analytical models describing the load capacity of a flat paper web were investigated and an alternative empirical model was proposed. The results of the performed tests are directly applicable in the calculation of the mechanical properties of corrugated cardboard and the determination of the load capacity of cardboard packaging.

Low temperature-resistant superhydrophobic and elastic cellulose aerogels derived from seaweed solid waste as efficient oil traps for oil/water separation

Aerogel has excellent application potential in adsorption, heat preservation, and other areas due to its typical advantages of low density and high porosity. However, there are several issues with the use of aerogel in oil/water separation, including weak mechanical qualities and challenges in eliminating organic contaminants at low temperature. Inspired by cellulose Iα, which has excellent performance at low temperature, this study used cellulose Iα nanofibers extracted from seaweed solid waste as the skeleton, through covalent cross-linked with ethylene imine polymer (PEI) and hydrophobic modification of 1, 4-phenyl diisocyanate (MDI), supplemented by freeze-drying technology to form three-dimensional sheet, and successfully obtained cellulose aerogels derived from seaweed solid waste (SWCA). The compression test shows that the maximum compressive stress of SWCA is 61 kPa, and the initial performance still maintains 82% after 40 cryogenic compression cycles. In addition, the contact angles of water and oil on the surface of the SWCA were 153° and 0°, respectively, and the stable hydrophobic time in simulated seawater is more than 3 h. By combining the elasticity and superhydrophobicity/superoleophilicity, the SWCA with an oil absorption capacity of up to 11–30 times its mass, might be utilized repeatedly for the separation of an oil/water mixture.

Numerical simulation study on the spontaneous rupture process and its influencing factors of the 2001 MS 8.1 Kunlun earthquake in China

On November 14, 2001, the MS 8.1 Kunlun earthquake occurred in the west of Kunlun Mountain pass in the East Kunlun fault zone of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. The field investigation and the results of kinematic inversion indicate that it is a strike-slip earthquake with a complex rupture process. The study of the spontaneous rupture process of this earthquake and its influencing factors is of great significance for understanding the occurrence mechanism of continental large earthquakes. First, based on the results of geological survey and kinematic inversion, a three-dimensional non-planar fault model is established. Then, using the curved-grid finite difference method (CG-FDM), the dynamic rupture process of the 2001 MS 8.1 Kunlun earthquake is numerically reproduced by adjusting the parameters for numerical simulation experiments. On this basis, the influence of background stress field, fault geometry and friction coefficient on the surface slip distribution, seismic moment rate function and rupture velocity are discussed respectively. The results show that the important reasons for the super-long rupture scale and super-shear rupture velocity of this earthquake may be the clockwise rotation of the maximum horizontal principal compressive stress along the NNE ∼ NE direction and the low friction coefficient distribution on the whole fault surface. The difference between the dynamic and static friction coefficients along the fault strike may be non-uniform, and it may be larger on the main fault than that on the secondary fault. This will result in a higher level of stress drop on the main fault, leading to the occurrence of super-shear rupture and the slip distribution with the Kusai Lake as the macroseismic epicenter. The large local geometric variation along the strike of the main fault may also have some influence on the distribution of co-seismic slip and the location of the super-shear rupture. In addition, the numerical simulation results in this paper confirm the conclusion that the East Kunlun fault zone has low friction coefficient.

A strategy for improving the safety and strength of topologically optimized multi-material structures

This paper presents a new strategy to distribute two different materials for multi-material topology optimization. Extended from the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method for a single material, the multi-material bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization (MBESO) method has been developed, which can effectively handle the topology optimization problems involving two materials like steel and concrete. However, in some special cases, overloading of part of the compressed material occurs in the multi-material structures designed by using the MBESO method. Aimed to solve this critical problem, a simple but effective strategy is proposed in this paper. In steel-concrete composite structures, for instance, the overloaded compressed concrete elements with exceedingly high stress are replaced with steel material. The small amount of steel material added to the highly compressed region can effectively reduce the maximum compressive stress of the concrete material to a safe level. The comparison between the original MBESO method and the improved strategy based on a series of two-dimensional and three-dimensional examples clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in enhancing the structural safety and strength of the topologically optimized composite structures. This distinctly different material distribution strategy shows its potential and value in multi-material topology optimization research and applications.

Study on mechanism of strength weakening of concrete subjected to microwaves in microwave-assisted concrete recycling

This paper explores the multi-field distribution in concrete by coupling of the electromagnetics, heat transfer and solid mechanics in COMSOL Multiphysics software under microwave irradiation. The numerical model is validated by the temperature data captured from the experiment. The physicochemical reactions in mortar and aggregate during heating and evolution of surface cracks are further investigated by the tests. The results show that when the radiation effect is considered above 100 °C, the simulated temperature profile is in alignment with the experimental one. The hot spots formed by heating exist at surface edges and in aggregate area on the cross section. The maximum tensile stress and compressive stress appear at the boundary on the cross section. Although the stress in aggregate is greater than that in mortar, it maintains in the elastic deformation stage, whereas mortar will undergo the plastic strain with the strain over 0.04%, approximately rheological behavior. In the first 100 s of heating, the migration and evaporation of water and the dehydration of hydration products are the main factors of strength degradation of concrete, which is manifested by the generation and propagation of cracks and the decrease in density. The initial position of visible cracks has a lot to do with the path of moisture migration. The surface cracks have been coalesced over stress relief caused by the increase in open porosity after heating for 150 s. The pore pressure induced by moisture migration and thermal stress caused by temperature gradient initiate more internal cracks. This paper can provide reference and insight for effective strength weakening of concrete exposed to microwaves so as to make its weakened mechanical properties can work to recovery of high-quality aggregate after mechanical crushing.

Analysis of the transverse compressive behavior of cotton yarns and fabrics

The inherent complexity of textile preforms and a high degree of consistency in dry fabrics and yarns present a number of modeling challenges, including uncertainty in geometrical characteristics under external loads, non-elastic deformations of fibrous media, and multiple deformation modes at the fiber and yarn scales. The prediction of the compaction reaction for different preforms is still possible thanks to the direct measurements of yarn compaction. The data are checked against compression stress-thickness curves that were produced by compacting yarns and preforms. The yarn and fabric compaction model given in this article demonstrates the final characteristics of woven preforms. The yarn compaction curve exhibits asymptotic hardening with a restricted compaction state attained at high compression stress and as the limit deformations are being approached. The yarn count, yarn fiber volume ratio, and the spinning method all affected the compression modulus. The transverse compression behaviour of yarns and fabrics was studied both analytically and experimentally. Mechanisms of fabric compressibility have been found to be reliant on both fabric and yarn specifications of warp and weft Young’s modulus. Investigations were made into the fabric’s fiber volume fraction under compression stress. When producing composite with low fiber volume fraction preforms, it may be more efficient to use more compression, according to research on the link between compressive stress and fabric volume fraction. The relationship between the compressive stress and fabric volume fraction was investigated, as well as the value of maximum compression stress.

Graphene Oxide/Styrene-Butadiene Latex Hybrid Aerogel with Improved Mechanical Properties by PEI Grafted GO and CNT.

Graphene oxide aerogel (GOA) has wide application prospects due to its low density and high porosity. However, the poor mechanical properties and unstable structure of GOA have limited its practical applications. In this study, polyethyleneimide (PEI) was used to graft onto the surface of GO and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to improve compatibility with polymers. Composite GOA was prepared by adding styrene-butadiene latex (SBL) to the modified GO and CNTs. The synergistic effect of PEI and SBL, resulted in an aerogel with excellent mechanical properties, compressive resistance, and structural stability. When the ratio of SBL to GO and GO to CNTs was 2:1 and 7:3, respectively, the obtained aerogel performance was the best, and the maximum compressive stress was 784.35% higher than that of GOA. The graft of PEI on the surface of GO and CNT could improve the mechanical properties of the aerogel, with greater improvements observed with grafting onto the surface of GO. Compared with GO/CNT/SBL aerogel without PEI grafting, the maximum stress of GO/CNT-PEI/SBL aerogel increased by 5.57%, that of GO-PEI/CNT/SBL aerogel increased by 20.25%, and that of GO-PEI/CNT-PEI/SBL aerogel increased by 28.99%. This work not only provided a possibility for the practical application of aerogel, but also steered the research of GOA in a new direction.

Enhanced high-temperature wear resistance of GCr15 steel balls by generating a Ti + Nb diffusion layer via mechanical alloying and NH3·H2O treatment

In this study, mechanical alloying and NH3·H2O treatmentGCr15 steel balls were used to strengthen GCr15 steel balls. The steel balls were first coated with a Ti + Nb coating using a ball mill equipped with a homemade grind jar, followed by a NH3·H2O treatment in a common jar to remove the Ti + Nb coating. Surprisingly, a Ti + Nb diffusion layer with a thickness of 5.1 μm was generated. The mechanical properties of both processed samples and unprocessed samples were investigated, including grains, dislocations, microhardness, residual stress, and friction properties at different temperatures. The results showed that the processed sample had obvious grain refinement and large dislocation density, with maximum microhardness and compressive residual stress values of 934 HV and − 490 MPa, respectively. Additionally, the processed samples exhibited exceptional high-temperature wear resistance, with a remarkable decrease in friction coefficient to 0.26 at 400 °C, which was 52.73 % less than that of unprocessed samples. These results highlight the potential of this method for improving the high-temperature resistance of various mechanical components, particularly steel balls.

Effect of cutting parameters on the microstructure evolution and damage mechanism of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy in micro cutting

This work aims to explore how cutting parameters affect the microstructure evolution and damage mechanism of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy in micro cutting. The effect of cutting parameters on micro cutting force and surface morphology is examined through single-factor test. By building a 3D micro finite element model for micro cutting based on crystal plasticity theory, the effect of cutting parameters on residual stress, microstructure evolution and damage behavior is analyzed to establish a mapping relation between residual stress and damage. The results show that as cutting speed increases, main cutting force first reduces then increases in all cases, but the cutting speed at the inflection point corresponding to main cutting force is different. The micro cutting surface morphology of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy displays obvious signs of plowing; detectable oxidation adhesion wear appears when the cutting depth is greater than 150 μm. Crack initiation and propagation on the machined surface of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy vary considerably under different cutting parameters. Residual stress distribution displays a ladle profile. The deeper the maximum residual compressive stress is from the surface, the harder it is for micro cracks to initiate and propagate. SEM and EDS analysis indicates that at smaller cutting depths, micro cutting tool wear is dominated by oxidation wear; at larger cutting depths, surface morphology is mostly better than at smaller cutting depths.

Numerical study and experimental validation of the size effect of smooth and mode I cracked semi-circular bend specimens

The edge-cracked semi-circular bend (SCB) specimen subjected to three-point bending loading is used in many applications to measure the fracture behavior of quasi-brittle materials. The main objective of the present work was to study the effect of the crack length to SCB specimen radius ratio (a/R), span to specimen diameter ratio (S/D), and specimen size on its flexural and mode I crack growth behavior. The contour integral method was implemented using the 3-D finite element method to determine the mode I stress intensity factor. In addition, high-strength concrete specimens were experimentally studied to validate the numerical results. The results show that the maximum compression stress is not sensitive to the S/D value, while the tensile stress is very sensitive. The value of S/D is the main parameter controlling the crack driving force (i.e., the crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) and the normalized stress intensity factor, YI). For the same S/D, the SCB specimen diameter value change has a marginal effect on CMOD and YI. The specimen with S/D = 0.8 showed that it is the most compatible specimen with three-point bending test conditions, regardless of the SCB specimen size. A good agreement between the numerical and experimental results was achieved.

Anisotropic aerogel induced gelatin hydrogel actuator with favourable mechanical properties and multiple solvent responsiveness

As an important part of biomimetic/intelligent new materials, the hydrogel actuator can sense changes in the external environment and convert external energy into mechanical energy, therefore attracting extensive attention in many fields. However, the relative weak mechanical properties, small driving force and single responsiveness to external stimuli of hydrogel-based actuators are still the main factor restricting their practical application and future development. In this paper, a heterogeneous hydrogel-based actuator with favourable mechanical properties and multiple solvent responsiveness is constructed via the synergistic action of anisotropic chitosan aerogel as the skeleton and solvent-sensitive gelatin hydrogel as muscle in the actuator framework. The addition of aerogel skeleton and the salting out of gelatin favor the actuator favourable mechanical behavior with maximum tensile stress and compressive stress up to MPa level. Furthermore, the heterogeneous aerogel/hydrogel composite structure greatly improves the driving capability of actuator, presenting multiple solvent responsiveness with the maximum driving amplitude up to 730° in the ion solution. The well-designed actuators can be exploried as intelligen microfluidic valves that recognize and pass specific solutions at different flow rates. This aerogel/hydrogel composite actuator has broad application prospects in microfluidic systems, smart valves, artificial muscles and intelligent human-machine interaction.

Effect of Gradient Multilayer Design on Tribological Performance of TiN/TiSiN Coatings Prepared by Cathodic Arc Ion Plating

Hard coatings, such as transition metal nitrides, have been widely applied to improve the mechanical properties and tribological performance of cutting tools. The coatings in various multilayered or gradient structures have been designed to meet the demands of more severe service environments and more precise processing requirements. In this work, TiN/TiSiN coatings in several gradient and multilayered structures were deposited on cemented carbides by cathodic arc ion plating using Ti and TiSi alloy targets. The modulation period (Λ) of the multilayer gradually varies with thickness, ranging from 6 to 46 nm. The gradient multilayer coatings consist of a nanocrystalline-amorphous composite with compact growth. The coating with a modulation period first increasing and then decreasing has the highest hardness of 38 GPa, and the maximum residual compressive stress of −2.71 GPa, as well as the minimum coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate. Gradient and multilayer structures moderate the brittleness caused by the presence of amorphous SiNx phase and optimize the mechanical properties and tribological performances of the coatings.

Thermal-mechanical performance analysis of parabolic trough receivers under various optical errors based on coupled optical-thermal-stress model

As green and sustainable technology, the parabolic trough receiver's thermal-mechanical performance is widely concerned because of the optical errors in all practical systems. The coupled MCRT-FVM-FEM approach was employed to construct the receiver's optical-thermal-stress model. The receiver's safety and thermal-mechanical performance is thoroughly analyzed using the model to illustrate the coupling effects of tracking error (σt), slope error (σs), and installation error (σx and σy). Bellows and Kovar ring's deformation and thermal stresses under multi-error are investigated for the first time. Bellows and Kovar rings' variable expansion and uneven axial stresses are brought on by the uneven heat flux distribution and absorber's heat transfer. While bellows and Kovar ring enhance absorber's deformation and stress. Optical errors mainly affect the bellow's axial tensile stress and the Kovar ring's axial compressive stress. Tracking and installation errors have less impact on receiver safety when σs exceeds 4 mrad. However, they enhance the risk of receiver failure when σs is sufficiently small (<4 mrad). Positive σy leads to receiver's maximum deformation (23.57 mm), significantly increasing the Kovar ring's maximum compressive stress and threatening the receiver's safety. Therefore, the impact of bellows and Kovar ring on receiver safety should be considered when simulating actual operation.