Maximum Catalytic Efficiency Research Articles

A heterogeneous peroxymonosulfate catalyst built by Fe-based metal-organic framework for the dye degradation

The regulatory control on dyes is an important issue, as their discharge into the environment can pose significant risks to human health. MIL-101(Fe) prepared by a solvothermal method was used as a catalyst to generate sulfate (SO4•−) and hydroxyl (HO•) radicals from peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the treatment of orange G (OG). The structural properties of MIL-101(Fe) were assessed by a number of characterization approaches (e.g., Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy). The factors controlling the removal of OG were explored by a response surface methodology with central composite design (RSM-CCD) plus adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The synthetized MIL-101(Fe) had uniform octahedral nanocrystals with rough surfaces and porous structures. The maximum catalytic removal efficiency of OG with MIL-101(Fe)/PMS process was 74% (the final concentration of Fe2+ as 0.19 mg/L and reaction rate of 434.2 μmol/g/h). The catalytic removal of OG could be defined by the non-linear kinetic models based on RSM. The OG removal efficiency declined noticeably with the addition of radical scavengers such as ethanol (EtOH) and tert-butanol (TBA) along with some mineral anions. Accordingly, MIL-101(Fe)/PMS is identified as an effective remediation option for the dyes based on advanced oxidation process (AOPs) based on high treatment efficiency at low dosage of low cost catalyst.

Elucidating the contribution of solvent on the catecholase activity in a mononuclear Cu(II) system: An experimental and theoretical approach

• A mononuclear copper(II) complex, [Cu(H 2 tea)(N 3 )] (T-2) is synthesized and characterized. • The present complex exhibited excellent solvent dependent catecholase activity with K cat(MeOH) = 903.6 h ‒1 . • Highest catalytic efficiency is observed in MeOH followed by MeCN. • The catecholase activity is corroborated by DFT calculations. • The HOMO-LUMO energy gap and charge distribution govern the activity. A new mononuclear copper(II) complex, [Cu(H 2 tea)(N 3 )] (T-2) is synthesized and characterized by crystallographic, spectral and theoretical studies. The synthesized complex adopts penta coordinate tbp geometry around the Cu(II) center. The ligand (triethanolamine, H 3 tea) binds the metal as monoanionic species (H 2 tea ‒ ). Supporting ligand (N 3 ‒ ) satisfies the coordination geometry through monodentate mode. Several non-covalent interactions (such as O—H and N—H) integrate the whole framework and these interactions are well quantified with Hirshfeld surface analysis. The present complex exhibited excellent catecholase activity (solvent dependent) with K cat(MeOH) = 903.6 h ‒1 . UV-Visible spectral study indicated a notable effect of solvent nature on the catecholase activity of Cu(II) complex which is attributable to the coordinating capability of the diverse solvents used. The maximum catalytic efficiency is observed in MeOH and then tailed by MeCN for T-2; while no such activity in DMSO was observed. The catecholase activity of T-2 is well corroborated by DFT calculations which reveal that higher difference in charge contributions between HOMOs and LUMOs along with metal and ligands of copper complex is the factor to the enhanced catecholase activity. The present work deals with the determination of structure-activity interrelation of mononuclear coordination compounds. A Cu(II) complex exhibits excellent solvent dependent catecholase activity as corroborated experimentally and theoretically.

Zn-MOF decorated bio activated carbon for photocatalytic degradation, oxygen evolution and reduction catalysis

An emerging global necessity for alternative resources combined with maximum catalytic efficiency, low cost, and eco-friendly composite remains a hotspot in the scientific society. Hereby, a novel protocol is approached to design a heterostructure of Zinc MOF decorated on the surface of 2D activated carbon (AC) through a simplistic approach. To begin with, analytical, morphological and spectroscopical studies were performed to identify the functional moieties, cruciate-flower like morphology and oxidative state of atoms present in the composite Zn-MOF @AC. The photocatalytic material aids in degrading both cationic and anionic dye in a UV (254 nm) irradiated environment at a rate of 86.4% and 77.5% within 90 mins. Subsequently, the hybrid materials are coated on the carbon substrate to evaluate the catalytic activity using oxygen evolution and reduction reaction process. The mechanical insight for the catalytic activity relies on the electronic transitions of atoms on the edges of the sheets ascribing to d-d energy levels between the interfacial electron movement. Our composite exhibits an overpotential of 0.7 V and a Tafel slope of 70 mV/dec for the oxygen reduction reaction. This study proposes an alternate approach for developing MOF decorated carbon-based composites for photocatalytic degradability and energy necessity.

Study of parameters affecting the degradation of rhodamine-B and methyl orange dyes by Annona muricata leaf extract synthesized nanoparticles as well as their recyclability

In this work, a facile and green approach has been employed for the degradation of toxic dyes like rhodamine-B (rh-B) and methyl orange (MO) individually as well as in combination (rh-B+MO) in presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The silver-silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag-AgCl NPs) fabricated using aqueous Annona muricata leaf extract were used as nano-catalysts. Effect of reaction parameters such as nano-catalyst dosage, NaBH4 dosage, temperature and pH were investigated to achieve maximum catalytic efficiency. The maximum degradation was obtained at 100 μg of Ag-AgCl NPs (mass of nano-catalyst), 25 mg of NaBH4 (mass of reducing agent) and 60 °C (temperature). pH 8, 6 and 6 showed maximum degradation for rh-B, MO and rh-B+MO dyes respectively. The experimental data obtained was following the pseudo-first order reaction kinetics. About 96.79 ± 2.61% (0.7485 min−1), 97.51 ± 2.14% (1.0542 min−1) and 97.08 ± 2.63% (0.3474 min−1) degradation was observed for rh-B (under 5 min), MO (under 4 min) and rh-B+MO (under 10 min) dyes respectively. Recyclability studies showed that Ag-AgCl NPs can be recycled and reused up to Cycle 5 (51.11 ± 3.34%) for rh-B, Cycle 6 (47.35 ± 3.19%) for MO and Cycle 3 (45.53 ± 2.32%) for rh-B+MO combination.

Improved photocatalytic oxidation of arsenic (III) with WO3/TiO2 nanomaterials synthesized by the sol-gel method

Photocatalytic oxidation of arsenite (As(III)) to arsenate (As(V)) was studied in aqueous solution using a series of WO3/TiO2 semiconductors readily synthesized through sol-gel method with WO3 content in the range of 1-5 wt%. The resulting materials showed enhanced photocatalytic activity towards As(III) photo-oxidation compared to their individual counterparts under UV radiation. The amount of As(III) and As(V) species in the irradiated solution was determined using the molybdenum blue method. The efficiency of photoinduced carriers separation was further affirmed by electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and photocurrent tests. The maximum catalytic efficiency was observed when the binary oxide 3%WO3/TiO2 (TW3) was used, reaching a 99% conversion of As(III) to As(V) within the first 25 min under UV irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of the heterostructures could be explained as consequent to an improved charge separation due to the migration of photoproduced holes in TW3 photocatalyst. Based on the electric band structure of WO3 and TiO2, a reasonable mechanism for the photo-oxidation of As(III) over TW3 novel catalyst has been proposed.

Highly Stable Mn-Doped Metal-Organic Framework Fenton-Like Catalyst for the Removal of Wastewater Organic Pollutants at All Light Levels.

A novel Mn-doped Fe-based metal–organic framework (MOF) Fenton-like catalyst was prepared for the removal of wastewater organic pollutants. The catalyst exhibited good degradation performance, stability, and recyclability for the removal of phenol from water with a maximum catalytic efficiency of 96%. Incorporating a long persistent phosphor in the MOF ensured optimum performance in the dark.

Covalent immobilization of ruthenium polypyridyl complex on multi-walled carbon nanotube supports for oxygen evolution reaction in an alkaline solution

Electrocatalytic water splitting to realize the sustainable production of hydrogen is one of the key ways to gain renewable clean energy. The development of the ruthenium-terpyridine-bipyridine (bpyRutpy) complexes used as efficient homogeneous water oxidation catalysts is one of the currently hot research fields. All catalytic active sites of the homogeneous molecular catalyst are fully utilized, and show a high catalytic efficiency. However, the homogeneous molecular catalyst has some intrinsic shortages such as difficulty on separation, recovery and regeneration, and high cost. In view of this, we synthesized the multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based heterogeneous catalyst, MWCNT-bpyRutpy, by covalently bonding the ruthenium-based complex onto the carbon nanotubes, in order to achieve the maximum molecular catalytic efficiency of the complex. The synthesized catalyst is fully characterized by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. The formation of the nanocatalyst via fusing Ruthenium complexes to MWCNTs promotes the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics, enhances intrinsic activity, and increases the specific surface area of electrochemical activity, and achieve excellent OER performance with a low overpotential of 436 mV at 10mAcm2, a low Tafel slope of 77.2 mV, and a relatively high turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.5833 s−1 at an overpotential of 400 mV.

Purified cellobiose dehydrogenase of Termitomyces sp. OE147 fuels cellulose degradation resulting in the release of reducing sugars

Termitomyces sp. OE 147 is one of the active cellulose degraders in the ecosphere and produces large amount of cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) and β-glucosidases when cultivated on cellulose. In order to investigate its effect on cellulose, a highly purified preparation of CDH was obtained from the culture supernatant of the fungus cultivated on cellulose. A combination of ultrafiltration, ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography was used to purify CDH by ∼172-fold to a high specific activity of ∼324 U/mg protein on lactose which was used for routine measurement of enzyme activity. The enzyme displayed a pH optimum of 5.0 and stability between pH 5.0 and 8.0 with maximum catalytic efficiency (k cat/Km ) of 397 mM−1 s−1 on cellobiose. Incubation of microcrystalline cellulose with the purified CDH led to production of reducing sugars which was accelerated by the addition of FeCl3 during the early stages of incubation. A mass spectrometric analysis revealed fragmentation products of cellulose which were concluded to be cellodextrins, sugars, and corresponding aldonic acids suggesting that CDH can release reducing sugars in the absence of externally added lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases. Polymerized products of glucose were also detected at low intensity.

Preparation of metal-organic framework Cu+/Ni-MOF catalyst with enhanced catalytic activity for selective catalytic reduction of NOx

A series of Cu+/Ni-MOF materials with different Cu loading were prepared by a hydrothermal method and were applied on selective catalytic reduction with NH3-SCR. From characterization results of XRD, XPS and TPR, it could be inferred that Cu+ species have been successfully introduced into the Ni-MOF framework. Compared with monometallic Ni-MOF catalyst, all bimetallic Cu+/Ni-MOF sample showed much better NH3-SCR activity at low temperature and achieved about 30% increase in the maximum catalytic efficiency at 320 °C, which indicating a good synergistic effect between copper and nickel ions.

Chemical variation in cell wall of sugar beet pulp caused by aqueous ammonia pretreatment influence enzymatic digestibility of cellulose

Sugar beet pulp (SBP) is considered to be an important feedstock for the fuel ethanol production. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between chemical variation in cell wall caused by aqueous ammonia pretreatment and the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose through imaging techniques coupled with enzymatic hydrolysis kinetics analysis. The results revealed that the partly decreased and redistributed lignin could weaken interactions between lignin and cellulose, expose more hydroxyl groups on cell wall, and lead to more absorbed cellulase on cellulose. The maximum amount of adsorbed cellulase (370.37 FPU/g) was obtained from SBP (at 80 °C), which was 37 % more than that of the control. Additionally, the reducing sugar yield, initial hydrolysis rate, and maximum catalytic efficiency were 121 %, 202 %, and 125 % more than that of the control, respectively. Aqueous ammonia provided a good approach for improving enzymatic digestibility of cellulose through weakening the interactions between lignin and cellulose, which might be a suitable pretreatment in fuel ethanol production from SBP.

Multienzymatic immobilization of laccases on polymeric microspheres: A strategy to expand the maximum catalytic efficiency

AbstractLaccase enzymes of were covalently coimmobilized on poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres. The objective of this work was to create a biocatalyst that works efficiently in a wide range of pH. The coimmobilization was performed using two different strategies to compare the most efficient. The results showed that by correctly selecting the enzymes and concentrations involved in the commobilization, it is possible to obtain a biocatalyst that works efficiently at a wide pH range (2.0–7.0). The maximum activity values reached per gram of support for the obtained biocatalyst were 41.90 U (pH 3.0), 40.89 U (pH 4.0), and 39.54 U (pH 6.0). Moreover, the thermal, storage, and mechanical stabilities were improved compared to the free and single‐immobilized laccases. It was concluded that enzymatic coimmobilization is an excellent alternative to obtain a robust biocatalyst that works in a wide pH range, with potential environmental and industrial applications.

Pd/FeP catalyst engineering via thermal annealing for improved formic acid electrochemical oxidation

Thermal annealing is usually employed for performance enhancement of catalysts while the reason is still unclear. Herein, performance improvement of a promising Pd/FeP system via thermal annealing to provide enhanced active sites, as a proof of concept, was demonstrated for the formic acid oxidation reaction. Two kinds of active sites of Pd and Pd@FeP were indicated in Pd/FeP catalyst by the well-recognized CO stripping technique; the low active/unstable Pd sites could be transformed into more active Pd@FeP sites via thermal annealing and electrochemical reduction. The best catalytic activity of annealed Pd/FeP catalyst was 1.6 times of fresh Pd/FeP and 2.8 times of Pd/C catalysts. A maximum catalytic efficiency increased by 65 % was revealed owing to the Pd@FeP active sites formation; as high as 55 % of the initial current was maintained after the accelerated stability test for 1000 cycles. The result helps understand the thermal annealing effect on electro-catalyst performance improvement.

Thermostable Esterase estUT1 from Ureibacillus thermosphaericus: Effect of TrxA Tag on the Enzyme Properties

The thermostable esterase from the bacterium Ureibacillus thermosphaericus was expressed with Trx tag from plasmid pET32b-estUT1 under T7 promoter in E. coli BL21(DE3). The specific activity and relative thermal stability of the tagged enzyme increased from 45.2 to 65.8% (1 h at 70°С). The additional TrxA tag does not affect the pH optimum of enzyme activity and substrate specificity. At the same time, the absence of the TrxA tag resulted in a significant increase in the stability of estUT1 in during incubation with various chemicals, including ethanol and methanol. The maximum catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) for esterase was observed in the absence of the TrxA tag and was 280.0 s−1 mM−1. Thereby fusion with TrxA tag promotes the enzyme secretion in the dissolved form, but reduces its thermal stability.

Soil enzyme kinetics indicate ecotoxicity of long-term arsenic pollution in the soil at field scale.

Information on the kinetic characteristics of soil enzymes under long-term arsenic (As) pollution in field soils is scarce. We investigated Michaelis-Menten kinetic properties of four soil enzymes including β-glucosidase (BG), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and dehydrogenase (DHA) in field soils contaminated by As resulting from long-term realgar mining activity. The kinetic parameters, namely the maximum reaction velocity (Vmax), enzyme-substrate affinity (Km) and catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) were calculated. Results revealed that the enzyme kinetic characteristics varied in soils and were significantly influenced by total nitrogen (N) and total As, which explained 31.8% and 30.7% of the variance in enzyme kinetics respectively. Enzyme pools (Vmax) and catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of BG, ACP and DHA decreased with elevated As pollution, while the enzyme affinity for substrate (Km) was less affected. Redundancy analysis and stepwise regression suggested that the adverse influence of As on enzyme kinetics may offset or weakened by soil total N and soil organic matter (SOM). Concentration-response fitting revealed that the specific kinetic parameters expressed as the absolute enzyme kinetic parameters multiplied by normalized soil total N and SOM were more relevant than the absolute ones to soil total As. The arsenic ecological dose values that cause 10% decrease (ED10) in the specific enzyme kinetics were 20-49mgkg-1, with a mean value of 35mgkg-1, indicating a practical range of threshold for As contamination at field level. This study concluded that soil enzymes exhibited functional adaptation to long-term As stress mainly through the reduction of enzyme pools (Vmax) or maintenance of enzyme-substrate affinity (Km). Further, this study demonstrates that the specific enzyme kinetics are the better indicators of As ecotoxicity at field-scale compared with the absolute enzyme parameters.

Magnetically recyclable CoFe2O4/ZnO nanocatalysts for the efficient catalytic degradation of Acid Blue 113 under ambient conditions.

CoFe2O4/ZnO magnetic nanocatalysts were synthesized using a low-frequency ultrasound-assisted technique to enhance the optical, morphological, magnetic and catalytic properties of ZnO. The as-synthesized nanocatalysts were characterized by XRD, Raman, TEM, DR-UV-Vis and VSM analyses in order to confirm the expected modifications of the resulting nanocatalysts. The Raman spectral analysis revealed substitutional Zn2+ in the CoFe2O4/ZnO nanocatalyst. The as-synthesized material was tested for its catalytic activity in the degradation of Acid Blue (AB113), a known textile pollutant. The CoFe2O4 and CoFe2O4/ZnO nanocatalysts revealed the efficient catalytic degradation of AB113 in ambient conditions. The nanocatalyst dosage and the initial concentration of AB113 were varied by fixing one parameter as constant in order to determine the maximum catalytic efficiency with the minimum catalyst loading for AB113 degradation. The CoFe2O4/ZnO nanocatalyst demonstrated 10-fold enhanced mineralization of AB113 compared to the individual bare nanocatalysts, which could be achieved within 3 hours of catalytic degradation of AB113. The magnetic CoFe2O4/ZnO nanocatalyst was found to be stable for six consecutive recycles of AB113 degradation, which indicates that the catalytic efficiency of the nanocatalyst was retained after various numbers of cycles.

Lignocellulosic biomass supported metal nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of organic pollutants.

Lignocellulosic biomass waste is a cheap, eco-friendly, and sustainable raw material for a wide array of applications. In the present study, an easy, fast, and economically feasible route has been proposed for the preparation of different zero-valent metal nanoparticles (ZV-MNPs) based on Cu, Co, Ag, and Ni NPs using empty fruit bunch (EFB) biomass residue as support material. The catalytic efficiency of ZV-MNPs/EFB catalyst was investigated against five model pollutants, such as methyl orange (MO), congo red (CR), methylene blue (MB), acridine orange (AO), and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) using NaBH4 as a source of hydrogen and electron. Comparative study revealed that among as-prepared ZV-MNPs/EFB catalysts, Cu-NPs immobilized onto EFB (Cu/EFB) exhibited maximum catalytic efficiency towards pollutant abasement. Degradation reactions were highly efficient, and were completed within a short time (4 min) in case of MO, CR, and MB, whilst AO and 4-NP were reduced in less than 15 min. Kinetic investigation revealed that the degradation rate of model pollutants accorded with pseudo-first order model. Furthermore, supported catalysts were easily recovered after the completion of experiment by simply pulling the catalyst from reaction system. Recyclability tests performed on Cu/EFB revealed that more than 97% of the reduction was achieved in case of MO dye for four successive cycles of reuse. The as-prepared heterostructure showed multifunctional properties, such as enhanced uptake of contaminants, high catalytic efficiency, and easy recovery, hence, offers great prospects in wastewater purification.

Interfacial coupling effect of high surface area Pyrochlore like Ce2Zr2O7 over 2D g-C3N4 sheet photoactive material for efficient removal of organic pollutants

Highly efficient, visible light active new hybrid pyrochlore like metal oxide based high surface area g-C3N4/Ce2Zr2O7 2D photocatalyst with enhanced efficiency has been successfully prepared using cost-effective hydrothermal technique. This work deliberates the photocatalytic removal of Rhodamine B and 4-Nitrophenol reduction through the prepared g-C3N4, Ce2Zr2O7 and 20:80 g-C3N4/Ce2Zr2O7 catalyst under direct solar radiation. The essential properties of the prepared photo-catalyst has been studied thoroughly. g-C3N4/Ce2Zr2O7 composition shows superior photocatalytic efficiency for the removal of Rhodamine B under the sunlight. The characterization result of Uv–Vis DRS, PL confirms that the g-C3N4/Ce2Zr2O7 possess a more visible spectral response and fast charge transfer. The interfacial charge transfer between the samples was confirmed by the electrochemical studies. Among the prepared catalyst, 20:80 g-C3N4/Ce2Zr2O7 compositions show the maximum catalytic reduction efficiency of 4-Nitrophenol and the Rhodamine B photocatalytic reaction within the time of 21 and 60 min respectively. The XPS measurement confirms the chemical state of the elements. The chemical bonding and their adverse effects were analyzed by the Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. Additionally, the higher degradation efficiency of the materials could be credited to the larger surface area and unique morphology of the synthesized particles with higher homogeneity. The charge transfer mechanism between the heterostructure and the photocatalytic reaction was predicted by trapping experiment. Based on trapping experiment results, the necessary charge transfer mechanism were proposed. Characterization of the used photocatalysts in pollutant removal reaction has signified the stability of the nanocomposites and also an additional benefit to our established photocatalytic system.

In situ green synthesis of Au/Ag nanostructures on a metal-organic framework surface for photocatalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol

In this manuscript, we report the insitu growth of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and silver nanoparticles (SNPs) over Ce/Tb-doped Y-benzene tricaroboxylate metal organic frameworks (MOF-76). The photocatalytic potential of these nanocomposites (NCs) was then assessed for the photocatalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) in aqueous medium. The NCs had large surface area to favorably showcase the efficient absorption of light energy. Correspondingly, it facilitated the electron transfer between the valance and conduction bands to promote the reductive removal of p-NP. Among the tested catalysts, GNPs@MOF-76 (Ce) (MOF-76(1a)) (dosage: 10μl of 5mg.ml−1) recorded the maximum catalytic efficiency (96.3%) with an apparent rate constant (Kapp': 0.33min−1). Further, MOF-76 (1a) NCs exhibited good recyclability (e.g., a catalytic efficiency of 77.45% over 3 cycles). Moreover, the proposed NCs exhibited superior performance over commercial photocatalysts (e.g., p25 TiO2 nanopowder) towards p-NP reduction. As such, the results of this experimental study successfully demonstrated the superiority of the MOF immobilized nanoparticles (NPs) as an efficient platform for the removal of industrial grade pollutants.

From highly dispersed Rh3+ to nanoclusters and nanoparticles: Probing the low-temperature NO+CO activity of Rh-doped CeO2 catalysts

For supported catalysts based on highly-priced noble metals the maximum catalytic efficiency per metal atom is highly desired. In this work, Rh-doped CeO2 systems were studied as potential catalysts for low-temperature NO reduction by CO. Thermal and redox treatments allowed varying the Rh oxidation state and the size of rhodium particles formed on CeO2 surface. By combination of surface and bulk sensitive physicochemical techniques the structure-activity correlations were established. Initial Rh-doped CeO2 catalysts contained Rh3+ species ionically dispersed in CeO2 lattice and showed activity in CO + NO reaction already at room temperature. Reduction treatment of Rh3+-CeO2 catalysts resulted in the formation of rhodium particles of ~1 nm in size on the reduced ceria surface. The catalytic characteristics of the initial and reduced samples were comparable, indicating the close nature of the active sites and their dynamic formation directly under the reaction conditions. Calcination of Rh3+-CeO2 sample at T > 800°С resulted in formation of rhodium oxide nanoparticles on the ceria surface. Such Rh2О3/CeO2 catalysts showed activity only at T > 200°С. Their activity in 100–200 °C temperature range could be substantially improved by the reduction treatment. The oxygen vacancies of СеО2 and small Rhn0 particles proved to be essential for the catalytic activity below 100 °C.

Fermentative Production of Ethanol from Acid Hydrolyzate of Rice Water Waste Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Experimental and Kinetic Studies

Rice water waste, a starch-bearing effluent waste stream, was utilized as an abundant and low-cost substrate for ethanol production. Prior to the fermentation process, rice water waste was hydrolyzed using dilute H2SO4 solution. To attain the highest concentration of sugars with a minimum amount of inhibitory by-products during the acid hydrolysis, different acid concentrations (2–6 v/v %), hydrolysis temperatures (60–100 °C) and reaction times (0–200 min) were examined. The maximum catalytic efficiency (ηE = 27.36) was obtained using 4% H2SO4 at 80 °C for 100 min; wherein, the concentration of reducing sugars, furfural and 5- hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in the hydrolyzate was 43.32, 0.29 and 0.17 g L−1, respectively. This hydrolyzate was utilized as a substrate for ethanol fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the maximum ethanol concentration, yield, and cell density were 18.65 g L−1, 0.41 g ethanol g−1 sugar and 3.68 g L−1, respectively. The kinetics of the acid hydrolysis process was studied using “two-fraction” model. The kinetic constants indicated that the rate of release of reducing sugars from starch was high; while, the degradation rate of reducing sugar to furfural and HMF was negligible. Moreover, multi-response nonlinear regression analysis was performed on the experimental data to determine the kinetic parameters regarding cell growth, substrate utilization, and ethanol production.