Maximum Body Mass Research Articles

Effect of host plant on growth, tissue proteins and gut enzymes of pink borer Sesamia inferens

In this study, pink borer Sesamia inferens (Walker), a polyphagous insect and a major pest on millets is explored for analysing the influence of host plants on the growth, tissue proteins and midgut digestive enzymes of their larvae. The impact of feeding on different food plants on the activity of amylase, trehalase, and invertase in the midgut of the final instar larvae were assayed in vitro. The results showed that the larval feeding on the five millet hosts had significant effect on body mass, with maximum body mass being achieved when larvae fed on sorghum (0.214 g). Significantly more enzyme activity of amylase was observed in the larvae fed on finger millet. The activity of amylase, invertase and trehalase fed on pearl millet was relatively low. The results indicated that the larvae of S. inferens had more capability to utilize sorghum, finger millet and barnyard millet, suggesting that these plants could become their host plants

Extracorporeal ureter handling during laparoscopic pyeloplasty: tips and tricks for beginners.

IntroductionLaparoscopic preparation of the ureter is a challenging part of upper urinary tract reconstruction, due to limited depth perception provided by the camera and lack of wristed motion of most laparoscopic instruments needed for adequate spatulation and scar tissue removal. One solution has been to perform the more difficult portions of the surgery in an extracorporeal manner. A hybrid intracorporeal-extracorporeal approach to upper tract ureteral reconstruction facilitates ureteral preparation at the stage of mastering the technique.Material and methodsThis retrospective study included 100 patients with primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction, who underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty from 2014 to 2017. The patients were stratified into 2 groups: those who underwent conventional laparoscopic surgery and those who were managed with the hybrid approach. For the hybrid approach, externalizing the ureter to skin level required additional mobilization of the upper urinary tract.ResultsA total of 47 patients underwent conventional laparoscopic pyeloplasty and 53 – hybrid surgery. The maximum body mass index was 32. The hybrid approach was 8.5 minutes shorter compared to the conventional approach (p <0.001). No complications higher than Clavien-Dindo IIIb (n = 2) were observed (in both groups). Complete success (the resolution of pain and/or hydronephrosis) was observed in 92.5% in the hybrid group and in 95.7% in the conventional treatment group.ConclusionsHybrid pyeloplasty may be considered safe and effective. It has the advantage of making the surgery less challenging and time-consuming while offering improved precision. The advantages of the technique are particularly apparent during training. This technique can be recommended in the learning process of the surgeon.

The Constriction Arm Band Deformity in Brachioplasty Patients: Characterization and Incidence Using a Prospective Registry.

Demand for brachioplasty in the United States has seen a dramatic increase, from 338 procedures in 2000 to 17,860 in 2016. In this article, the authors present their series of arm band deformities not yet described in the literature. This is a retrospective review of massive weight loss patients undergoing brachioplasty at their institution from 2000 to 2016. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were reviewed. Descriptive statistics and t test were used. One hundred seventy-two patients underwent brachioplasty, and 25 patients (15 percent) were identified with the deformity. Twenty-four (96 percent) were women, with an average age of 60 years (range, 36 to 85 years) and a mean body mass index of 34 kg/m at the time of surgery (average, 2 years since gastric bypass; mean delta body mass index, 22 kg/m). The bands were generally single bands (100 percent) found bilaterally (68 percent) in the distal third (74 percent) of the upper arm and exacerbated (50 percent) by brachioplasty. The average specimen weighed 1005 g. The authors found that arm banding was associated with a higher current body mass index, but not with a maximum body mass index or delta body mass index. For massive weight loss patients, arm band deformity is a challenging problem that can be exacerbated by brachioplasty. It can be identified preoperatively to aid in counseling. The authors found patients with a higher current body mass index to be at a higher risk for the arm band deformity after brachioplasty. Risk, IV.

초등학교 남학생의 최대산소섭취량과 Body Mass Index가 혈압에 미치는 영향

초등학교 남학생의 최대산소섭취량과 Body Mass Index가 혈압에 미치는 영향

Association of Obesity With Mortality Over 24 Years of Weight History

Many studies of the association between obesity and mortality rely on weight status at a single point in time, making it difficult to adequately address bias associated with reverse causality. To investigate the association between maximum body mass index (BMI) and all-cause mortality without the consequences of reverse causality. Prospective cohort studies for the original and offspring cohorts of the Framingham Heart Study. The follow-up period started from baseline examination 13 for the original cohort and from baseline examination 6 for the offspring cohort and ended December 31, 2014. The analyses were conducted in 2017. Participants were 6197 individuals with 3478 deaths during a mean of 17 years of follow-up. Maximum BMI over 24 years of weight history before the beginning of follow-up for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality. All-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality (deaths due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, or other causes). Among 6197 participants (mean [SD] age at baseline, 62.79 [8.98] years; 55.5% female), 3478 (56.1%) died during the follow-up. A monotonic association was observed between maximum BMI and mortality, with increasing risks observed across obese I (BMI of 30 to <35; hazard ratio [HR], 1.27; 95% CI, 1.14-1.41) and obese II (BMI of 35 to <40; HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.68-2.20) categories. A significant association was not observed for the overweight category (BMI of 25 to <30; HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.99-1.18). Among never smokers, the risks increased, with a significant association emerging for individuals with maximum BMI in the overweight range (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.13-1.51). The mortality rates of normal-weight individuals who were formerly overweight or obese were 47.48 and 66.67 per 1000 person-years, respectively, while individuals who never exceeded normal weight had a mortality rate of 27.93 per 1000 person-years. A monotonic association was found between maximum BMI over 24 years of weight history and subsequent all-cause mortality. Maximum BMI in the normal-weight range was associated with the lowest risk of mortality in this cohort, highlighting the importance of obesity prevention.

Effect of high-intensity interval training on cardiovascular disease risk factors and body composition in psoriatic arthritis: a randomised controlled trial

BackgroundPsoriatic arthritis (PsA) is associated with an accumulation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on...

A Giant Dinosaur from the Earliest Jurassic of South Africa and the Transition to Quadrupedality in Early Sauropodomorphs

Sauropod dinosaurs were dominant, bulk-browsing herbivores for 130 million years of the Mesozoic, attaining gigantic body masses in excess of 60 metric tons [1, 2]. A columnar-limbed, quadrupedal posture enabled these giant body sizes [3], but the nature of the transition from bipedal sauropodomorph ancestors to derived quadrupeds remains contentious [4-6]. We describe a gigantic, new sauropodomorph from the earliest Jurassic of South Africa weighing 12metrictons and representing a phylogenetically independent origin of sauropod-like body size in a non-sauropod. Osteohistological evidence shows that this specimen was an adult of maximum size and approximately 14 years old at death. Ledumahadi mafube gen. et sp. nov. shows that gigantic body sizes were possible in early sauropodomorphs, which were habitual quadrupeds but lacked the derived, columnar limb postures of sauropods. We use data from this new taxon and a discriminant analysis of tetrapod limb measurements to study postural evolution in sauropodomorphs. Our results show that quadrupedality appeared by the mid-Late Triassic (Norian), well outside of Sauropoda. Secondary reversion to bipedality occurred in some lineages phylogenetically close to Sauropoda, indicating early experimentation in locomotory styles. Morphofunctional observations support the hypothesis that partially flexed (rather than columnar) limbs characterized Ledumahadi and other early-branching quadrupedal sauropodomorphs. Patterns of locomotory and body-size evolution show that quadrupedality allowed Triassic sauropodomorphs to achieve body sizes of at least 3.8 metric tons. Ledumahadi's Early Jurassic age shows that maximum body mass in sauropodomorph dinosaurs was either unaffected or rapidly rebounded after the end-Triassic extinction event.

Balanced harvesting could reduce fisheries‐induced evolution

AbstractCurrent fisheries management pays little attention to fisheries‐induced evolution. Methods of exploitation that have benefits in the short term while ameliorating selection in the longer term would therefore be advantageous. Balanced harvesting is a potential candidate. This tries to bring fishing more in line with natural production, and some short‐term benefits for conservation of aquatic ecosystems and for biomass yield have already been documented. It is also predicted to be relatively benign as a selective force on fish stocks, because it keeps the overall distribution of mortality relatively close to natural mortality. We test this prediction, coupling an ecological model of marine, size‐spectrum dynamics to an adaptive dynamics model of life history evolution. The evolutionary variable is the reproductive schedule, set by the maximum body mass and the mass at maturation. The prediction is supported by our numerical analysis: Directional selection under balanced harvesting is approximately an order of magnitude weaker than in a standard fishery in which fish experience a fixed rate of fishing mortality after recruitment. The benefit of balanced harvesting follows from relatively little fishing on large fish, due to the low somatic production rates the big fish have. These results therefore support the general argument for protecting big, old fish, both for ecological and for evolutionary reasons. Slot fisheries that protect large fish share some qualitative features with balanced harvesting and show similar evolutionary benefits.

Body size as emergent property of metabolism

Body size is not an independent variable, but an emergent property: the result of a number of inter-linked eco-physiological processes, like most other quantities that we can measure on organisms. Organisms do not have a particular body size. They are born small and grow to larger sizes during their life trajectory, while changing properties during the growth process in interaction with the environment. The use of maximum body mass of a species as an independent variable when analyzing some other trait, bypasses the important question: What factors control maximum body mass and how do these factors affect the trait of interest? We argue that the old, famous question of why weight-specific respiration decreases for increasing maximum body mass of species was difficult to explain because ecological literature typically treats body size as an independent variable. We demonstrate that Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory could explain this phenomenon by treating body size as an emergent property. The question of why specific respiration decreases with increasing body size then translates to the question of why specific assimilation and/or specific maintenance would vary among species. We discuss the four parameters that control maximum body weight in the DEB theory and study how they co-vary. One of these parameters, the allocation fraction to soma, turned out to follow a beta distribution in the Add-my-Pet collection, with perplexing accuracy. We found the explanation after discovering that the supply stress, i.e. maturity maintenance times squared somatic maintenance divided by cubed assimilation, also followed a (scaled) beta distribution. The allocation fraction can be written as the ratio of somatic maintenance and assimilation for fully-grown individuals and we found that these rates turn out to follow Weibull distributions. Beta-distributions are known to result from appropriate ratios of gamma-distributed variables and we demonstrate that this also applies, to a very good approximation, for ratios of Weibull-distributed variables. We noticed similarities between Weibull distributions and allometric functions and suggest that they fit data well because many factors contribute to the underlying processes. This explains why the allocation fraction, the supply stress and some other ratios of fluxes follow beta distributions. We support our findings with empirical data.

Host plant nitrogen enrichment has both positive and negative effects on the larval growth of a specialist butterfly

1. The nitrogen limitation hypothesis posits that phytophagous insects benefit from nitrogen enrichment of their host plants through a reduction of the concentration of toxic compounds and an increase of free amino acids and proteins. However, species' response to nitrogen enrichment varies substantially and high nitrogen levels are associated with population decline, suggesting there are major costs to feeding on nitrogen‐rich host plants.2. To test the hypothesis that larval growth performance is maximal at intermediate nitrogen enrichment, nitrogen levels were measured in 18 populations of the host plant of Lycaena helle, a specialist butterfly inhabiting nutrient‐poor wet meadows. The nitrogen content of host plants was then modified to mirror average natural nitrogen levels (C), highest field‐recorded levels (T1), and levels higher than those observed across our study populations (T2).3. Caterpillars fed with T1 leaves had a greater maximum body mass than caterpillars of the C group because of their improved food assimilation during the early stages of their development. Caterpillars of C and T2 groups had similar growth patterns but high nitrogen content had detrimental effects, as caterpillars fed with T2 leaves had a slower ingestion rate than C and T1 groups.4. Quantifying the fitness consequences of these changes in growth performance is necessary to fully understand the implications of nitrogen enrichment for L. helle (rapid growth may result in fitness costs). However, conservation plans for this emblematic glacial relict species should also consider the preservation of its host plant quality to ensure its persistence.

Current updates on the morphological measurements of the Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica)

In this study, morphological measurements of the Malayan pangolin, namely body mass, total length, tail length and head-body length, were investigated using samples of confiscated and wild pangolins. A high correlation between body mass and total length, for both male and female pangolins was recorded, with the correlation being much stronger for females (r-value = 0.8535) than males (r-value of 0.6342). A similar trend was found on the correlation between tail length and head-body length for both sexes. In addition, new records were generated for the physical measurements of maximum body mass (13.5 kg), head-body length (79 cm), tail length (72 cm) and total length (140 cm) respectively. Results and findings of this study will contribute to a better understanding of this critically endangered fauna for conservation and husbandry purposes.

Extinction‐driven changes in frugivore communities on oceanic islands

Global change and human expansion have resulted in many species extinctions worldwide, but the geographic variation and determinants of extinction risk in particular guilds still remain little explored. Here, we quantified insular extinctions of frugivorous vertebrates (including birds, mammals and reptiles) across 74 tropical and subtropical oceanic islands within 20 archipelagos worldwide and investigated extinction in relation to island characteristics (island area, isolation, elevation and climate) and species’ functional traits (body mass, diet and ability to fly). Out of the 74 islands, 33 islands (45%) have records of frugivore extinctions, with one third (mean: 34%, range: 2–100%) of the pre‐extinction frugivore community being lost. Geographic areas with more than 50% loss of pre‐extinction species richness include islands in the Pacific (within Hawaii, Cook Islands and Tonga Islands) and the Indian Ocean (Mascarenes, Seychelles). The proportion of species richness lost from original pre‐extinction communities is highest on small and isolated islands, increases with island elevation, but is unrelated to temperature or precipitation. Large and flightless species had higher extinction probability than small or volant species. Across islands with extinction events, a pronounced downsizing of the frugivore community is observed, with a strong extinction‐driven reduction of mean body mass (mean: 37%, range: –18–100%) and maximum body mass (mean: 51%, range: 0–100%). The results document a substantial trophic downgrading of frugivore communities on oceanic islands worldwide, with a non‐random pattern in relation to geography, island characteristics and species’ functional traits. This implies severe consequences for ecosystem processes that depend on mutualistic plant–animal interactions, including ecosystem dynamics that result from the dispersal of large‐seeded plants by large‐bodied frugivores. We suggest that targeted conservation and rewilding efforts on islands are needed to halt the defaunation of large and non‐volant seed dispersers and to restore frugivore communities and key ecological interactions.

Clinical relevance of persistent postoperative pain after total hip replacement - a prospective observational cohort study.

PurposeThe development of persistent postoperative pain may occur following surgery, including total hip replacement. Yet, the prevalence may depend on the definition of persistent pain. This observational cohort study explored whether the prevalence of persistent pain after total hip replacement differs depending on the definition of persistent pain and evaluated the impact of ongoing pain on the patient’s quality of life 6 months after surgery.Patients and methodsPre- and postoperative characteristics of 125 patients undergoing elective total hip replacement were assessed and 104 patients were available for the follow-up interview, 6 months after surgery.ResultsSix months after surgery, between 26% and 58% of patients still reported hip pain – depending on the definition of persistent pain. Patients with moderate-to-severe persistent pain intensity (>3 on a numerical rating scale) were more restricted in their daily life activities (Chronic Pain Grade – disability score) but did not differ in reported quality of life (Short-Form 12) from those with no pain or milder pain intensity. Maximal preoperative pain intensity and body mass index were the only independent factors influencing daily function 6 months after total hip replacement.ConclusionThese findings support a high prevalence of persistent postoperative pain after total hip replacement and a large variability depending on the definition used. There was a close relation between physical functioning and pain as well as relevance of the patient’s psychological state at the time of the operation.

Maximum Lifetime Body Mass Index and Mortality in Mexican American Adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988-1994) and NHANES 1999-2010.

IntroductionStudies in US Hispanic adults indicate no deleterious association between obesity and death. We tested the hypothesis that accounting for weight history would provide more insight into this nonassociation. MethodsWe used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to examine associations between maximum lifetime body mass index (BMI) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among US-residing Mexican American adults. BMI was classified as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–24.9), overweight (25.0–29.9), obese class I (30.0–34.9), and obese class II (≥35.0). We used Cox proportional hazards to examine the association between maximum lifetime BMI and BMI at survey and all-cause and specific causes of death (ie, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and other) controlling for age, sex, and smoking in 6,242 Mexican American adults enrolled in NHANES III (1988–1994) and NHANES 1999–2010.ResultsMexican Americans categorized as obese class II at maximum lifetime and time of survey had increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54 - 2.93 and HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.10–2.10). Those reporting a maximum lifetime BMI of class I or class II obesity but who were classified as normal weight at survey had increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 2.49; 95% CI, 1.72–3.61 and HR = 3.56; 95% CI, 1.15–11.06, respectively).ConclusionIncreased all-cause mortality risk in Mexican Americans with a lifetime BMI of 35 or greater refutes prior studies, suggesting that maximum lifetime BMI should be included when evaluating obesity–mortality associations in this population.

On the estimation of maximum stress in cushions for wheelchair patients who are prone to develop pressure injuries.

Pressure injuries are an important health care issue. This problem is even more evident with patients with neurological conditions. This study aims to develop an analytical tool to predict the magnitude of the maximum stresses developed at the wheelchair cushion-patient contact area. Newton's polynomial interpolation method was applied in order to obtain correlations between the maximum stress developed and the weight of the patient and the maximum pressure and body mass index (BMI) of the participants. For this study it was recruited five able-bodies and nine patients with spinal cord injury. The agreement between the computed stress values and those measured with the able-bodied group is excellent, but in the patients within the spinal cord injury group, the concordance is poor. The correlations were applied in data from Crawford's study, and predictions of pressures show lack of agreement. Correlation between the weight of a person and the maximum stress developed by him or her while sitting for extended periods of time has been demonstrated. The lack of agreement between estimated and measured values in spinal cord injuries and Crawford's data can be mainly attributed to some sort of neurological status.

Growth rate adjustment of two Drosophila parasitoids in response to the developmental stage of hosts

1. Generalist koinobiont parasitoids often exhibit high flexibility in their development; their larvae shorten or prolong the developmental period depending on the host quality at parasitisation. However, flexibility of the growth rate of parasitoid larvae has rarely been investigated so far.2. This study investigated how the koinobiont parasitoid wasps Asobara japonica and Leptopilina ryukyuensis regulate their larval growth when they parasitise host Drosophila larvae with varying larval periods.3. In both parasitoid species, the preimaginal period was longer when they parasitised 1‐day‐old larvae of Drosophila rufa than when they parasitised older larvae of D. rufa or when they parasitised larvae of Drosophila simulans, a species with a shorter larval period than D. rufa. After host pupariation, A. japonica accelerated its growth, thereby showing a biphasic growth curve. On the other hand, L. ryukyuensis did not accelerate its growth after host pupariation.4. Growth retardation of parasitoid larvae in 1‐day‐old D. rufa larvae would contribute to avoiding excess growth before host pupariation, because the excess growth of parasitoid larvae would have negative effects on host growth. The growth rate acceleration of A. japonica after host pupariation suggests that they enhance resource utilisation in a host that has reached maximum body mass. It remains uncertain as to why L. ryukuensis does not show clear accelerated growth after host pupariation. Nonetheless, these results suggest that parasitoid larvae have the ability to detect the developmental stage of hosts in a species‐specific manner.

Shifting baseline in macroecology? Unravelling the influence of human impact on mammalian body mass

AbstractAimHuman activities have led to hundreds of species extinctions and have narrowed the distribution of many of the remaining species. These changes influence our understanding of global macroecological patterns, but their effects have been rarely explored. One of these patterns, the Bergmann's rule, has been largely investigated in macroecology, but often under the assumption that observed patterns reflect “natural” processes. We assessed the extent to which humans have re‐shaped the observable patterns of body mass distribution in terrestrial mammals, and how this has altered the macroecological baseline.LocationGlobal.MethodsUsing a comprehensive set of ecological, climatic and anthropogenic variables, we tested several alternative hypotheses to explain the body mass pattern observed in terrestrial mammals’ assemblages at a one‐degree resolution. We then explored how model predictions and the Bergmann's latitudinal pattern are affected by the inclusion of human impact variables and identified areas where predicted body mass differs from the expected due to human impact.ResultsOur model suggests that median and maximum body mass predicted in grid cells would be higher, and skewness in local mass distributions reduced, if human impacts were minimal, especially in areas that are highly accessible to humans and where natural land cover has been converted for human activities.Main conclusionsOur study provides evidence of the pervasive effects of anthropogenic impact on nature and shows human‐induced distortion of global macroecological patterns. This extends the notion of “shifting baseline”, suggesting that when the first macroecological investigations started, our understanding of global geographic patterns was based on a situation which was already compromised. While in the short term human impact is causing species decline and extinction, in the long term, it is causing a broad re‐shaping of animal communities with yet unpredicted ecological implications.

MEANS OF OPTIMAL BODY MASS CONTROL AND OBESITY PROPHYLAXIS AMONG STUDENTS

Purpose: approaches to control over limits of students body mass range and obesity prophylaxis through their physical condition improvement are offered. Material: in the research 100 boy students, divided into 2 equal groups (experimental and control) participated. Their age was - 19-20 years. In the research we used methodic of control over maximal admissible body mass. Strength was registered by quantity of chin ups. Endurance was assessed by time of 3000 meters’ distance run. Quickness was assessed by time of 100 meters’ distance run. Besides, we considered the quantity of missed physical culture lessons. Results: it was found that for successful body weigh reduction students have to significantly increase everyday motor functioning. It was also found that insignificant quantity of missed physical culture lessons can not noticeably influence on students physical condition. At the end of the researches tests showed some increment of strength and quickness and confident increase of endurance in experimental group students. Conclusions: implementation of compulsory body mass control methodic in students’ physical education will facilitated overcoming global threats for youth’s health: obesity and immobile way of life.

Cats and dogs cross the line: domestic breeds follow Rensch’s rule, their wild relatives do not

The domestication syndrome already recognized by Darwin shows that domesticated species acquire a number of novel morphological, physiological and behavioral characteristics not present in their wild ancestors. Because body size and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) are essential characteristics of species that affect most aspects of their life histories, we studied the effects of domestication on body size and SSD in domestic dogs and cats in comparison with their wild relatives: the Canidae and Felidae, respectively, and also analyzed the occurrence of Rensch’s rule within both domestic species. We studied maximum body mass and maximum height at withers of 64 and 89 domestic dog breeds respectively, and maximum body mass of 37 domestic cat breeds as well as body mass data for 36 wild Canidae and 36 wild Felidae from our previous studies. Our results have shown that domestic dogs maintain a level and range of body mass which largely exceeds that of the Canidae as a whole while maintaining a similar degree and range of SSD. On the contrary, domestic cats show a much reduced body mass range within the limits of their ancestor species while showing comparable levels of SSD as shown by the Felidae. Regarding Rensch’s rule, both Reduced Major Axis and Ordinary Least Squares regressions showed that both domestic species present a scaling of male and female body sizes consistent with Rensch’s rule while their wild relatives do not. We discuss these findings in the light of present knowledge about the domestication of Canis familiaris and Felis catus.

Reproductive biology of the cockfish, Callorhinchus callorynchus (Chondrichthyes: Callorhinchidae), in coastal waters of the northern Argentinean Sea

ABSTRACT The cockfish, Callorhinchus callorynchus, is a widely distributed holocephalan in the south-western Atlantic and an important resource for Argentinean fisheries. The reproductive characteristics of this species were studied in northern Argentinean coastal waters, where specimens arrive seasonally (winter-spring). Sexual dimorphism in maximum precaudal length (PCL) and total body mass (TM) was found, being females (PCL=630 mm; TM=3330 g; n=167) larger and heavier than males (PCL=482 mm; TM=1630 g; n=19). Maturity size for females was 466.22 mm PCL, representing 74% PCL of the largest female sampled. The mean number of ovarian follicles was 8.37 (± 4.84). The highest values of ovarian follicles diameter, gonadosomatic and oviducalsomatic indices were found in spring. A high proportion of mature females (44%) had atretic ovarian follicles, suggesting that they were in the resting stage of their reproductive cycle. The low number of mature males recorded and the absence of mature females with spermatophore masses or egg cases indicate that the study area would not be a reproductive zone. The seasonal presence of C. callorynchus in this region could be related to trophic movements. These results, obtained in an area with high fishing pressure on chondrichthyans, will be useful for implementing conservation and management measures.