Maximum Energy Transfer Research Articles

Distributed energy resource allocation using multi-objective grasshopper optimization algorithm

The penetration of small-scale generators (DGs) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) into the distribution grid is growing rapidly and reaching a high percentage of installed generation capacity. These units can play a significant role in achieving various objectives if installed at suitable locations with appropriate sizes. In this paper, we present a new multi-objective optimization model to improve voltage profiles, minimize DG and BESS costs, and maximize energy transfer between off-peak and peak hours. We allocate and size DG and BESS units to achieve the first two objectives, while optimizing the operation strategy of BESS units for the last objective. The Multi-Objective Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (MOGOA) is used to solve the formulated constrained optimization problem. The proposed formulation and solution algorithm are tested on 33-bus and 69-bus radial distribution networks. The advantages of the Pareto solutions are discussed from various aspects, and the Pareto solutions are subjected to cost analysis to identify the best solutions in the context of the worst voltage profiles at peak load times. Finally, the performance of the MOGOA algorithm is compared with the other heuristic optimization algorithms using two Pareto optimality indices.

In Situ MIMO-WPT Recharging of UAVs Using Intelligent Flying Energy Sources

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), used in civilian applications such as emergency medical deliveries, precision agriculture, wireless communication provisioning, etc., face the challenge of limited flight time due to their reliance on the on-board battery. Therefore, developing efficient mechanisms for in situ power transfer to recharge UAV batteries holds potential to extend their mission time. In this paper, we study the use of the far-field wireless power transfer (WPT) technique from specialized, transmitter UAVs (tUAVs) carrying Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antennas for transferring wireless power to receiver UAVs (rUAVs) in a mission. The tUAVs can fly and adjust their distance to the rUAVs to maximize energy transfer gain. The use of MIMO antennas further boosts the energy reception by narrowing the energy beam toward the rUAVs. The complexity of their dynamic operating environment increases with the growing number of tUAVs and rUAVs with varying levels of energy consumption and residual power. We propose an intelligent trajectory selection algorithm for the tUAVs based on a deep reinforcement learning model called Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) to optimize the energy transfer gain. The simulation results demonstrate that the PPO-based system achieves about a tenfold increase in flight time for a set of realistic transmit power, distance, sub-band number and antenna numbers. Further, PPO outperforms the benchmark movement strategies of “Traveling Salesman Problem” and “Low Battery First” when used by the tUAVs.

Photoluminescence Properties and Lasing Performance of Dy3+/Tb3+ Co-Doped Antimony Phosphate Glasses

Dy3+/Tb3+ co-doped antimony phosphate glasses (PDTs) were prepared by a common melt-quenching method. The spectra properties of PDTs were analyzed in the range of 300 to 850 nm. The sensitization mechanism of Dy3+ in enhancing the visible fluorescence of Tb3+ ions was explored. Since the energy of Dy3+ ions are effectively transferred to Tb3+ ions, an enhancement of Tb3+ emission at 545 nm and a reduction of Dy3+ emission at 575 nm were observed. The energy transfer (ET) between Dy3+ and Tb3+ ions result from the electric dipole interaction. In the PD1T4 sample pumped at 450 nm, a maximum ET efficiency of 63.1% was obtained. The larger values of laser characteristic parameters of Tb3+: 5D4 → 7F5 transition indicate that these antimony phosphate glasses have great potential for green lasing operation.

First-principles simulation of intense single-cycle ultrashort light pulses interacting with diamond: Comparison study in attosecond and femtosecond regimes

The interaction of intense single-cycle ultrashort (0.1 to 9 fs) light pulses with diamond crystal and thin film is simulated, combining the dependent Kohn-Sham equation with the Maxwell equations. Distinct features are observed depending on the duration of the pulse. In the diamond crystal, maximum energy transfer from light pulse is observed with a pulse duration 0.3 fs. In this case, the phase of current density $J(t)$ coincides with that of the electric field $E(t)$. For the incident pulse of duration 0.1 fs, most of the light will transmit on passing the thin film. But for the pulse of duration 0.5 fs, there is more reflection than transmission. For light pulses of durations 7 and 9 fs in diamond crystal, traditional nonlinear behavior of energy transfer are observed. Interestingly, for the attosecond pulse, there is a linear scaling behavior with the pulse intensity below ${10}^{16}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ on the one hand and an unusual linear dynamic interference response behavior with the pulse width, determined by the interference of the different quantum pathways, on the other hand.

Highly thermally stable Dy3+/Sm3+ co-doped Na5Y9F32 single crystals for warm white LED

The optical behavior and thermal stability of Na5Y9F32 single crystals doped with fixed 1 mol% Dy3+ and various Sm3+ content grown by Bridgman technique were investigated by means of the fluorescence spectra, decay curves and temperature-dependent emission spectra. Upon 365 nm excitation, the emission color shifted from cool white emission to warm white emission as the Sm3+ concentration rise from 0 mol% to 1.6 mol%, in which the CIE coordinates experienced from (0.3445, 0.3888) to (0.3727, 0.3695) and the values of correlated color temperature (CCT) descended from 5114 K to 4174 K. The energy transfer (ET) from Dy3+ to Sm3+ identified by decay curves with emission spectra played significant effect on the change of emission color and the maximum energy transfer efficiency (ETE) was calculated to be 44.5% from the measured decay curves. Based on the Dexter's energy transfer formula, the mechanism of ET from Dy3+ to Sm3+ was determined as a dipole-dipole interaction. The down-conversion internal quantum yield (QY) of 1 mol% Dy3+/0.8 mol% Sm3+ co-doped Na5Y9F32 single crystal was estimated to be ~15.9%. When excited by 365 nm, Dy3+/Sm3+ co-doped Na5Y9F32 single crystals displayed excellent thermal stability deducing from the temperature-dependent emission spectra, in which the normalized emission intensity can still maintain 83% at 423 K. These results indicated that Dy3+/Sm3+ co-doped Na5Y9F32 single crystal held potential application prospect in warm white light-emitting diodes (w-LEDs.)

High Power Diode-Pumped Erbium Laser Emitting at Near 1.5 μm

Solid-state lasers emitting in the 1.5–1.6 μm spectral range are very promising for eye-safe laser range finding, ophthalmology, fiber-optic communication systems, and optical location. The aim of this work is the investigation of spectrosposcopic and laser properties of gain medium based on borate crystal for abovementioned lasers.Spectroscopic and laser properties of Er,Yb:YAl3(BO3)4 crystals with different concentrations of dopants were investigated. Polarized absorption and emission cross-section spectra were determined. The ytterbium- erbium energy transfer efficiency was estimated. The maximal energy transfer efficiency up to 97 % was obtained for Er(4 at.%),Yb(11 at.%):YAl3(BO3)4 crystal.The laser operation of heavily doped crystals with erbium concentration up to 4 аt.% (2.2^1020 cm^3) was realized. By using of Er(2 at.%),Yb(11 at.%):YAl3(BO3)4 crystal a maximal continuous- wave (CW) output power of 1.6 W was obtained at 1522 nm with slope efficiency of 32 %. By using of Er(4 at.%),Yb(11 at.%):YAl3(BO3)4 crystal a maximal peak output power up to 2.2 W with slope efficiency of 40 % was realized in quasi-continuous-wave regime of operation. The spatial profile of the output beam was close to TEM00 mode with M2 < 1.2 during all laser experiments.Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that Er,Yb:YAl3(BO3)4 crystals are promising active media for lasers emitting in the spectral range of 1.5-1.6 pm for the usage in laser rangefinder and laser- induced breakdown spectroscopy systems, and LIDARs.

Development of compact inductive energy storage pulsed-power generator driven by 13 kV SiC-MOSFET.

A compact inductive energy storage (IES) pulsed-power generator that is driven by a novel 13 kV silicon carbide (SiC)-MOSFET is developed and molded into a compact modified TO-268. In this article, the switching characteristics required for IES pulsed-power generator development are evaluated. The maximum slew rates at MOSFET turn-on and turn-off are 157 and 129 kV/μs, respectively, at an input voltage of 10 kV. The maximum current flow from the drain to the source terminal is limited to 128A during short-circuit switching. The on-resistance between the drain and source terminals increases during the SiC-MOSFET's on state. It increases with the voltage and its minimum value is 1.07 Ω. These characteristics show that the device is suitable for use as an opening switch because of its low on-resistance and rapid large-current cutoff at high operating voltages. The characteristics of an IES pulsed-power generator composed of a SiC-MOSFET, a capacitor, and a pulsed transformer with a turn ratio of 5:15 are also evaluated. The output voltage peak and full width at half maximum reach 31.4 kV and 55ns, respectively, at a charging voltage of 1100V. The maximum energy transfer efficiency is 50.2% of the input energy with a load resistance of 2.5 kΩ. The results show that the MOSFET has excellent potential to support the development of a compact plasma generation system that offers better performance pulsed-power generators driven by semiconductor devices.

Excitation Energy Transfer Efficiency in Fluctuating Environments: Role of Quantum Coherence in the Presence of Memory Effects.

Several recent studies have interrogated the role of quantum coherence in affecting the transfer efficiency of an optical excitation to the designated "trap" state where the energy can be used for subsequent reactions, as in photosynthesis. However, these studies invoke a Markovian approximation for the time correlation function describing the environment-induced stochastic fluctuations. Here, we employ Kubo's quantum stochastic Liouville equation (QSLE) to include memory effects. We extend the existing QSLE scheme to introduce decay of a newly created excitation due to radiative and nonradiative channels and also by desired trapping toward the targeted chromophore. We show that the theoretical formalism based on the QSLE correctly reproduces the rate equation description in the Markovian limit, with the rate constants determined by an appropriate quantum limiting procedure. We find that under certain conditions, the efficiency of excitation transfer to the trap gains from the combined presence of quantum coherence and temporally correlated stochastic fluctuations. We work out different limiting situations in order to discover and quantify the optimum conditions for the energy transfer to the trapped state. We find that maximum energy transfer efficiency is achieved in the intermediate limit between coherent and incoherent transport.

Characterization of bubble detectors for space application

A passive neutron-bubble dosimeter, developed by Bubble Technology Industries, has been used for space applications. This study provides a means to characterize the response of these detectors to various particle types in support of bubble-detector measurements made on a board the International Space Station (ISS) in Low Earth Orbit. An analysis of the radiation environment onboard the ISS in the Service Module with the OLTARIS code indicates that neutrons, protons, and lower atomic mass particles are the more abundant particles. Based on a Monte Carlo treatment with the Stopping Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) code, the response functions of the lighter ions were determined. This assessment considered the maximum linear energy transfer of these ions at the end of their path (Bragg peak) in the detector that exceeded the minimum threshold to cause bubble nucleation. The model was benchmarked against previous heavy-ion measurements in ground-based accelerator studies. The model was able to successfully predict, for a beam oriented along the detector axis, the observed energies at which the ions penetrated and exited the detector as well as the relative scaling of the response curves. By folding in the calculated particle fluxes with both the predicted light-ion response functions, as well as using experimental responses for neutrons, protons and alpha particles measured in previous accelerator studies, the contribution of particles in space to the bubble count was evaluated. This analysis shows that for an isotropic-irradiation geometry in space, neutrons are the major contributors to the bubble count with a much smaller contribution from protons.

Ratiometric temperature sensing behavior of dual-emitting Ce3+/Tb3+ co-doped Na5Y9F32 single crystal with high relative sensitivity

The Na5Y9F32 single crystals doped with fixed 0.5 mol% Ce3+ and various concentrations of Tb3+ (0, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mol%) were grown by Bridgeman method. The luminescent properties, energy transfer (ET) and the ratiometric temperature sensing behavior were studied thoroughly. Under 315 nm excitation, the Ce3+/Tb3+ co-doped Na5Y9F32 single crystal mainly presented two emissions at blue 385 nm (Ce3+:5d→4 f) and green 545 nm (Tb3+:5D4→7F5). The color area can undergo from the purple-blue region (0.1643, 0.0768) to the green region (0.2585, 0.3604) by altering the content of Tb3+ ion from 0 to 0.8 mol%. The energy transfer between the Ce3+ and Tb3+ ions was confirmed by decay curves with emission spectra, and the maximum energy transfer efficiency (ETE) were estimated to be 45.1%. The mechanism of dipole-dipole interaction (d-d) for energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ can be explained by the formula of Dexter’s energy transfer. The fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of blue and green emission showed a linear relationship with temperature varying from 298 K to 473 K in the 0.5 mol% Ce3+/0.8 mol% Tb3+ co-doped Na5Y9F32 single crystal. Meanwhile, the 0.5 mol% Ce3+/0.8 mol% Tb3+ co-doped Na5Y9F32 single crystal possessed higher absolute sensitivity (Sa) of 0.0157 K−1, relative sensitivity (Sr) of 1.18% K−1 and temperature resolution (δT) of 0.086 K. By using the integrating spheres, the quantum yield (QY) of 0.5 mol% Ce3+/0.8 mol% Tb3+ co-doped Na5Y9F32 single crystal was measured as ~16.88%. These excellent optical properties suggest that the Ce3+/Tb3+ co-doped Na5Y9F32 single crystal with stable physical-chemical properties could have a far-reaching application prospect for the ratiometric optical thermometry.

Mathematical Analysis of Two Phase Saturated Nanofluid Influenced by Magnetic Field Gradient

Nanofluids are composed of nano-sized particles dispersed in a carrier liquid. The present investigation’s aim is to examine theoretically the magneto-thermomechanical coupling phenomena of a heated nanofluid on a stretched surface in the presence of magnetic dipole impact. Fourier’s law of heat conduction is used to evaluate the heat transmission rate of the carrier fluids ethylene glycol and water along with suspended nanoparticles of a cobalt–chromium–tungsten–nickel alloy and magnetite ferrite. A set of partial differential equations is transformed into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations via a similarity approach. The computation is performed in Matlab by employing the shooting technique. The effect of the magneto-thermomechanical interaction on the velocity and temperature boundary layer profiles with the attendant effect on the skin friction and heat transfer is analyzed. The maximum and minimum thermal energy transfer rates are computed for the H2O-Fe3O4 and C2H6O2-CoCr20W15Ni magnetic nanofluids. Finally, the study’s results are compared with the previously available data and are found to be in good agreement.

Optimal Sliding Mode Control of Permanent Magnet Direct Drive Linear Generator for Grid-Connected Wave Energy Conversion

the key goal of this article is on the design and optimum sliding mode control for Grid-Connected direct drive extraction method of ocean wave energy by Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO). A Linear Permanent Magnet Generator simulates the ocean wave energy extraction system, driven by an Archimedes Wave Swing. Uncontrolled three-phase rectifiers, a three-level buck-boost converter and 3 level neutral point clamped inverter are planned grid integration of Wave Energy Conversion device. The technique monitors the three-level buck-boost converter service cycle linked to the PMLG output terminals and decides the optimum switching sequence of 3 level neutral point clamped inverter to enable the grid relation. Simulations using Matlab/Simulink were carried out to test working of the wave energy converter after the suggested optimal control method was applied under various operating settings. Various simulation test results indicate that the proposed optimum control system is tested in both normal and irregular ocean waves. And it has been shown that the control method of the MOPSO sliding mode is ideal for maximizing energy transfer efficiency. Better voltage management at the DC-link and for achieving greater controllability spectrum was accomplished by the proposed Duty-ratio optimal control system.

Optimal Sliding Mode Control of Permanent Magnet Direct Drive Linear Generator for Grid-Connected Wave Energy Conversion

the key goal of this article is on the design and optimum sliding mode control for Grid-Connected direct drive extraction method of ocean wave energy by Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO). A Linear Permanent Magnet Generator simulates the ocean wave energy extraction system, driven by an Archimedes Wave Swing. Uncontrolled three-phase rectifiers, a three-level buck-boost converter and 3 level neutral point clamped inverter are planned grid integration of Wave Energy Conversion device. The technique monitors the three-level buck-boost converter service cycle linked to the PMLG output terminals and decides the optimum switching sequence of 3 level neutral point clamped inverter to enable the grid relation. Simulations using Matlab/Simulink were carried out to test working of the wave energy converter after the suggested optimal control method was applied under various operating settings. Various simulation test results indicate that the proposed optimum control system is tested in both normal and irregular ocean waves. And it has been shown that the control method of the MOPSO sliding mode is ideal for maximizing energy transfer efficiency. Better voltage management at the DC-link and for achieving greater controllability spectrum was accomplished by the proposed Duty-ratio optimal control system.

Structural, morphological, optical and enhanced photodetection activities of CdO films: An effect of Mn doping

In this work, undoped and Mn of various concentration (1, 3 and 5 %) doped CdO films prepared by spray pyrolysis procedure using perfume atomizer is reported. XRD analysis of the samples approves polycrystalline nature with cubic system. Change in crystallite size, lattice constant, and cell volume are observed due to the imperfection of crystal lattice. Tightly packed uniformed spherical shape particles are visualised from the morphology anaysis. In PL studies, the emission peaks are observed at 360, 490, 520, and 590 nm. From the UV–vis, the absorbance is increased with doping concentration, which may be due to electronic transition from V to C-band. The bandgap values are decreased with increasing doping concentration (2.51, 2.47 and 2.21 eV) and furher increased for higher doping concentration (2.37 eV). The high resistivity obtained for 3% Mn doped film may be the vital to decrease the dark current and increase the photodetector properties. I–V characteristics of the devices showed increased photosensitivity, responsivity, and quantum efficiency for 3 % of Mn doped film due to high crystallinity, low bandgap, and maximum energy transfer of Mn ions.

Quantum dot clusters as self-assembled antennae with phycocyanine and phycobilisomes as energy acceptors.

In this study, we investigated an experimental and Monte-Carlo computational characterization of self-assembled antennae built using CdTe colloidal quantum dots (QDs). These clusters provide efficient excitation of phycocyanine (PC) or phycobilisomes (PBSs). PBSs are light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) of cyanobacteria, made of several PC units, organized in disks and rods. Each PC contains three separate cofactors. Therefore, we analyzed variations in multi-donor and multi-acceptor systems. The self-assembled QD clusters were formed mostly by electrostatic interactions, possibly due to the introduction of a positive charge on an originally negatively charged nanoparticle surface. Our results suggest that PC may accept energy from multiple nanoparticles localized at a distance significantly longer than the Förster radius. The excitation transfers between particular nanoparticles with possible delocalization. The maximal energy transfer efficiency was obtained for the PC/PBS : QD ratio from 1 to 20 depending on the QD size. This cannot be fully explained using computational simulations; hence, we discussed the hypothesis and explained the observations. Our self-assembled systems may be considered for possible applications in artificial light-harvesting systems because absorption spectra of QDs are different from the absorption characteristics of PC/PBS. In addition, huge clusters of QDs may effectively increase the optical cross-section of so-created nanohybrids.

ЗАЛЕЖНІСТЬ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЗБУДЖЕННЯ ПОВЕРХНЕВИХ ПЛАЗМОН-ПОЛЯРИТОНІВ ВІД ГЛИБИНИ РЕЛЬЄФУ АЛЮМІНІЄВОЇ ГРАТКИ

An experimental study of the excitation of surface plasmonpolaritons (SPP) on aluminum diffraction gratings with a fixed period of 519 ± 0,5 nm and a variable modulation depth h/a(where h is the grating depth, and a – its period) was carried out. Gratings with a sine-like profile were formed on vacuum chalcogenide photoresists films by interference lithography and covered with an opaque aluminum film. A Dimension 3000 Scanning Probe Microscope was used to determine the grating groove profile. The characteristics of the SPP were determinedfor28 gratings with h/a ranged from 0,018 to 0,20, by measuring the dependences of specular reflection of p-polarized radiation of He-Ne laser on the angle of incidence, which was defined as the angle between the normal to the substrate plane and the laser beam. It was found that there is an optimal grating relief depth for a given excitation wavelength, which provides the maximum transfer of the incident electromagnetic wave energy to the surface plasmon-polariton mode.The dependence of the SPP excitation efficiency on the grating modulation depth has a maximum at a relatively small value of h/a ≈ 0.086. At such modulation depth the absorption of electromagnetic radiation of the incident laser beam is more than two orders of magnitude higher than the absorption of aluminum film with flat surface at the same angle of incidence. The position of the angle of resonant excitation of SPP practically does not change from h/a= 0,018 up to h/a ≈ 0,06. With further increase of h/a it begins to shift to the region of smaller incidence angles, with the rate of the shift accelerating gradually. With an increase of h/a, a decrease in the depth of the plasmon resonance and a significant increase in its half-width are also observed, and the dependence of the half-width of the SPP band on the modulation depth is close to quadratic. Using this grating-coupled SPP technique, the estimated thickness of air-formed oxide layer on the aluminum gratings surface (about 3.9 nm) is close to the value obtained in the literature with a set of complicated techniques.

Effect of Eu3+ doping on luminescence properties of a KAlSiO4:Sm3+ phosphor

This study presents the photoluminescence characteristic analysis of a series of red phosphors of KAlSiO4:1.5 mol%Sm3+,x mol%Eu3+ (x = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) prepared via high-temperature solid-phase reaction. The results show that the X-ray diffraction (XRD) refinement results are reliable. The unit cell parameters and volume gradually decrease as the Eu3+ concentration increases, resulting in a grain size reduction of 10.22%. When x = 6, the emission peaks of Sm3+ at 564, 601, and 651 nm disappear completely, and the corresponding full width at half maximum becomes 0. At 610 nm, the emission peak intensity of Eu3+ is increased by a factor of 4.8. The resonant non-radiative energy transfer effect is greater than the co-excitation effect. A maximum energy transfer efficiency of 97.8% is achieved. The integral area at 610 nm is as high as 85%. The color purity of the phosphor is as high as 92.97%, and the internal quantum yield gradually changes from 32% to 51%. Ultimately, these results confirm that the silicate phosphor is suitable for the red component in the three primary color phosphors of white light-emitting diodes.

A brief review on high-performance nano materials in solar desalination

Abstract The solar power is most prominent energy source for the solar desalination processes and the productivity of the distilled water depends upon the proper utilization of solar energy into useful form of heat. To absorb maximum solar radiation, energy efficient nano materials were developed and used in renewable and sustainable energy applications like solar stills and solar steam generation etc. Recently the nano materials with energy storage, maximum energy transfer, and high broadband absorption characteristics exhibited accelerating evaporation rate in solar desalination. In this current review paper, energy exchange and energy storage materials including nano embodied PCMs (phase change materials), nano fluids and nano particles, nano structures with efficient steam generation and sensible heat storage materials for solar desalination were discussed.

Experimental determination of the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) Förster distances of NanoBRET and red-shifted BRET pairs

Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) is widely applied to study protein-protein interactions, as well as increasingly to monitor both ligand binding and molecular rearrangements. The Förster distance (R0) describes the physical distance between the two chromophores at which 50% of the maximal energy transfer occurs and it depends on the choice of RET components. R0 can be experimentally determined using flexible peptide linkers of known lengths to separate the two chromophores. Knowledge of the R0 helps to inform on the choice of BRET system. For example, we have previously shown that BRET2 exhibits the largest R0 to date for any genetically encoded RET pair, which may be advantageous for investigating large macromolecular complexes if its issues of low and fast-decaying bioluminescence signal can be accommodated.In this study we have determined R0 for a range of bright and red-shifted BRET pairs, including NanoBRET with tetramethylrhodamine (TMR), non-chloro TOM (NCT), mCherry or Venus as acceptor, and BRET6, a red-shifted BRET2-like system. This study revealed R0 values of 6.15 nm and 6.94 nm for NanoBRET using TMR or NCT as acceptor ligands, respectively. R0 was 5.43 nm for NanoLuc-mCherry, 5.59 nm for NanoLuc-Venus and 5.47 nm for BRET6. This extends the palette of available BRET Förster distances, to give researchers a better-informed choice when considering BRET systems and points towards NanoBRET with NCT as a good alternative to BRET2 as an analysis tool for large macromolecular complexes.

Optimal Power Allocation for Maximizing Energy Efficiency in DAS-Based IoT Network

Distributed antenna system based on simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) can be one of the promising solutions in maximizing energy efficiency (EE), where ultra low power devices harvest energy in power splitting (PS) mode. The paradigm shift of the internet-of-things (IoT) has increased the number of IoT devices and associated sensitive data exchange on the internet. Like the EE is a noteworthy aspect in ultra low power devices, energy harvesting (EH) is an active approach from surrounding electromagnetic sources. This article deals with EE maximization for SWIPT using PS mode. In the SWIPT system, this article presents a tradeoff between EE and spectral efficiency and proposes an algorithm, which allocates optimal power to each distributed antenna port. For an IoT device, the PS scheme implements EH and information decoding operations. The proposed algorithm is based on the Lagrangian multiplier method and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions to find the optimal solution without iterative computation compared to the conventional iterative method. Simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm achieves maximum energy transfer by the using optimal PS ratio.