Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training on adiponectin, metabolic syndrome risk factors and aerobic capacity in obese adults.<BR> Method: Twenty-one obese men participated in the group of low-volume high-intensity interval training (LV-HIIT; n=7), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; n=7) and control (CON; n=7), respectively. All subjects measured body composition, blood test (adiponectin, HDL-C, glucose, and triglyceride) and maximal graded exercise test before the intervention and after six weeks. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference (p<.05). Bonferroni’s method was used for post-hoc analysis when there is a significant.<BR> Results: The results of this study are as follows. 1) Body composition was significantly improved in the low-volume high-intensity interval training group and the moderate-intensity continuous training group. 2) Adiponectin concentration was significantly increased in the low-volume high-intensity interval training group and moderate-intensity continuous training group. 3) The waist circumference, triglyceride, and glucose of metabolic syndrome risk factors significantly decreased in the low-volume high-intensity interval training group and moderate-intensity continuous training group. There was no significant difference in blood pressure and HDLC 4) Aerobic capacity was significantly improved in the low-volume high-intensity interval training group and moderate- intensity continuous training group.<BR> Conclusion: In summary, the findings in this study are that despite conducting low volume, Low-Volume high intensity interval training is efficient training compared to moderate intensity continuous training for improving adiponectin, metabolic syndrome risk factors and aerobic capacity.