Maximum Distance Research Articles

Containment Control for High-Order Heterogeneous Continuous-Time Multi-Agent Systems with Input Nonconvex Constraints

This article investigates containment control for high-order heterogeneous continuous-time multi-agent systems (MASs) with input nonconvex constraints, bounded communication delays and switching topologies. Firstly, we introduce a scaling factor for the constraint operator to obtain an equivalent unconstrained system model. Following equivalent model transformations, we analyze the maximum distance from all agents to the convex hull spanned by leaders using norm-based differentiation. It is demonstrated that, within high-order heterogeneous continuous-time MASs subject to control input nonconvex constraints, the convergence of each agent into the convex hull spanned by leaders is guaranteed, provided that there exists at least one directed path from any leader to each agent within the union of communication topologies. Simulation examples are presented to validate the theoretical findings.

Earth Detecting Earth: At What Distance Could Earth’s Constellation of Technosignatures Be Detected with Present-day Technology?

Abstract The field of Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) searches for “technosignatures” could provide the first detection of life beyond Earth through the technology that an extraterrestrial intelligence may have created. Any given SETI survey, if no technosignatures are detected, should set upper limits based on the kinds of technosignatures it should have been able to detect; the sensitivity of many SETI searches requires that their target sources (e.g., Dyson spheres or Kardashev II/III level radio transmitters) emit with power far exceeding the kinds of technology humans have developed. In this paper, we instead turn our gaze Earthward, minimizing the axis of extrapolation by only considering transmission and detection methods commensurate with an Earth 2024 level. We evaluate the maximum distance of detectability for various present-day Earth technosignatures—radio transmissions, atmospheric technosignatures, optical and infrared signatures, and objects in space or on planetary surfaces—using only present-day Earth instruments, providing one of the first fully cross-wavelength comparisons of the growing toolbox of SETI techniques. In this framework, we find that Earth’s space-detectable signatures span 13 orders of magnitude in detectability, with intermittent, celestially targeted radio transmission (i.e., planetary radar) beating out its nearest nonradio competitor by a factor of 103 in detection distance. This work highlights the growing range of ways that exoplanet technosignatures may be expressed, the growing complexity and visibility of the human impact upon our planet, and the continued importance of the radio frequencies in SETI.

Volume measurement and calculation of sessile droplets on inclined planes and spherical external surfaces

This paper puts forward a novel measurement and calculation method for sessile droplets' volumes on inclined planes and spherical external surfaces. The volume of a droplet on an inclined plane or on a spherical external surface, which has a fictitious inclined plane, is determined by its shape factor (β), the maximum distance (d) of the contour points away from the inclined plane, and the plane inclination angle θinc. Using the circular arc differential method of the Bashforth–Adams equation and the image processing technique, the d and β are obtained or calculated out. The theoretical model and its algorithm are set up to calculate the droplet volume. In addition, we do experiments to validate the accuracy of the theoretical model. The experimental results show good agreement with those calculated by the theoretical model. This work is significant and can be used to measure and control volumes of droplets in microfluidic and biomedical technologies.

Bounds for eccentricity-based parameters of graphs

The eccentricity of a vertex u in a graph G, denoted by ɛG(u), is the maximum distance from u to other vertices in G. We study extremal problems for the average eccentricity and the first and second Zagreb eccentricity indices, denoted by σ0(G), σ1(G), and σ2(G), respectively. These are defined by σ0(G)=1|V(G)|∑u∈V(G)ɛG(u), σ1(G)=∑u∈V(G)ɛG2(u), and σ2(G)=∑uv∈E(G)ɛG(u)ɛG(v). We study lower and upper bounds on these parameters among n-vertex connected graphs with fixed diameter, chromatic number, clique number, or matching number. Most of the bounds are sharp, with the corresponding extremal graphs characterized.

Spatiotemporal characteristics of human activity and land use on ecosystem service functions in mountainous areas of Northeast Guizhou, Southwest China

With the rapid advancement of urbanization and industrialization, intense land utilization in mountainous areas has led to ecological and environmental issues, and also causing a gradual degradation of ecosystem services. Investigating the spatiotemporal characteristics of human activities on land use and ecosystem services in mountainous areas holds significant practical importance for local ecological conservation and land management. This study utilizes human activity and land use models to evaluate the complex relationship between humans and land in the northeastern Guizhou, employs the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) and the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) models to conduct an in-depth investigation into the spatiotemporal distribution of soil conservation (SC), water yield (WY), carbon sequestration (CS), habitat quality (HQ), and landscape aesthetics (LA). Besides, we utilized the Pearson correlation coefficient and spatial bivariate models to scrutinize the spatial heterogeneity and interactions among these ecosystem services. The results revealed a significant escalation in the intensity of human activity and land use within the study area, with values rising from 0.483 and 316 in 2000 to 0.695 and 351 in 2020, respectively. For 2000–2020, the added value of SC and WY experienced a change of 1.179 t‧hm−2 and 118.503 mm, respectively, while the CS, HQ, and LA have largely remained stable. The spatial distribution of ecosystem service functions exhibited distinct patterns of trade-offs and synergies. The ecosystem's multifunctional benefits were predominantly concentrated in the northern sector of the study area, with the maximum migration distance of class IV hotspots recorded at 70.431 km. Over time, the impact of human activities and land use on ecosystem services has been escalating. Studying the interactions between human activities and land use and their impact on ecosystem services can help us develop land use policies and ecological management strategies.

Heart Rate Recovery after a 6-minute Walk test in Patients with Lower Extremity Artery Disease in Burkina Faso, sub-Saharan Africa

Background: Heart rate recovery (HRR) is a measure of fitness and an indication of cardiac health. The decrease in heart rate occurring immediately after exercise is caused by increased vagal activity and sympathetic withdrawal occurring after exercise.Objective: Our aim was to study the relationship between of the clinical severity of the lower limb artery disease (Fontaine classification) assessed during a 6-minute walking test and the decrease in heart rate (HR) from maximal exercise HR at 1-minute post-exercise (HRR1).Material and method: We studied patients were enrolled from January to December 2021 and screened in the vascular function exploration unit of the Souro SANOU University Hospitalof Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, sub-Saharan Africa.Results: A total of 98 patients were included with a mean age of 53.6 ± 11.2 years, predominantly female (60.2%). The mean values were:0.834 ± 0.16 for ABI, 77± 11 bpm for resting HR, 108 ± 14bpm for end-exercise HR, 15bpm ± 8bpm for HRR1, 296± 95 m for maximum walking distance. Among the groups of the Fontaine classification, group IV walked the least (224±115m) and had the smallest HRR1 (11±8 bpm). Conclusion: Our study showed a significant relationship between HRR1 after a 6-minute walk test and the severity of lower limb ischemia. This could potentially lead to better peripheral arterial disease management strategies based on post-exercise cardiac recovery.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Rice (Oryza sativa (L.) Genotypes under Aerobic Condition

The present study was carried out at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Trichy under aerobic conditions. The experimental material comprised forty-nine rice genotypes, which were laid out in randomized complete block design with two replications. The data on ten quantitative characters were recorded to assess the magnitude of genetic diversity through D2 analysis. Based on genetic distance, rice genotypes were grouped into five clusters. Among the five clusters, cluster I had the highest number of genotypes (42) and cluster V had the lowest number of one genotype. The range of inter-cluster distance was 65.33 (between clusters IV and V) to 7.91 (between clusters II and III). The genotypes in cluster IV and cluster V exhibited a high degree of genetic diversity due to the maximum inter-cluster distance between them, and these genotypes may be utilized under a hybridization program for getting high-yielding and desirable recombinants.

Effectiveness of cardiovascular rehabilitation programs among patients with heart failure based on myocardial deformation and atrial function echocardiographic predictors

Abstract Background Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) plays an important role in heart failure (HF) contributing to stopping functional decline, relieving symptoms and increasing quality of life in combination with optimal therapeutic management. Purpose We aimed to evaluate the impact of participating in a CR program after 6 months in terms of biological (N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP], inflammatory biomarkers) and echocardiographic parameters (left and right ventricle global longitudinal [LV, RV GLS], left atrial strain) with a prognostic role in HF. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study on 105 patients with HF admitted to a center specialized in CR programs. Based on functional status at enrolment assessed on the NYHA class, we divided the patients into two groups: with mild and moderate functional limitation (NYHA I-II class) (n=70) and with severe functional limitation (NYHA III class) (n=35) respectively. Results We analyzed demographics, anthropometrics, clinical and paraclinical parameters, with a focus on echocardiographic parameters of biventricular and atrial systolic function. Both at enrollment and at the 6-month assessment, functional status was assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). At the 6-month follow-up patients in the second group had superior improvement in biological (p=0.039 for NT-proBNP) and echocardiographic parameters (p=0.041 for LV GLS, p=0.035 for RV GLS, p=0.017 for left atrial strain) compared to baseline. In the second group, LV GLS values were statistically significantly correlated with NT-proBNP (p=0.023), peak oxygen uptake (p=0.041) and maximum walking distance (p=0.031). RV GLS also positively correlated with peak oxygen uptake (p=0.017) at the follow-up. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that biventricular and atrial systolic function parameters amelioration are echocardiographic predictors for increased cardiorespiratory fitness. Lack of LV GLS and left atrial strain improvement in patients with severe functional limitation (group 2) is a negative predictor (AUC = 0.811, p = 0.015 for LV GLS and AUC = 0.649, p = 0.022 for left atrial strain). Conclusion(s) CR programs improve systolic dysfunction and atrial function in HF patients. Improvement of LV and RV GLS as well as left atrial strain can be used as echocardiographic markers of better cardiorespiratory fitness 6 months after the start of the CR program.

Phenotypic effects on male risk-taking behavior in Leptuca beebei from field experiments at Playa El Agallito, Chitre, Panama

Risk-taking behavior in Leptuca beebei was studied through field experiments conducted at Playa El Agallito, Chitré, Panama. This study aimed to determine whether larger males or those with pillar structures take greater risks when courting females and whether female size affects male risk-taking behavior. Females exhibiting mate-searching behavior were tethered 30 cm in front of randomly selected courting males, both with and without pillars. Male behavior was observed using binoculars, recording the maximum distance traveled from their burrow and whether they intercepted the female. Results indicate that male size and pillar presence did not significantly affect the distance traveled or the likelihood of intercepting the tethered female. Males traveled an average of 18.8 cm from their burrows, but this distance was not influenced by female size. Instead, males' risk-taking behavior may have been influenced by factors such as predation risk and potential burrow loss, rather than female size. The findings suggest that the dangers of leaving their burrows outweigh the benefits of courting distant or larger females. Thus, their behavior is influenced more by ecological risks and reproductive costs than by the characteristics of potential mates.

Can protrusive movements during TMJ arthrocentesis improve final results?

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of single-puncture techniques in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthrocentesis for the management of disk displacement without reduction (DDwoR). A total of thirty-six patients diagnosed with DDwoR were randomly and blindly assigned to two treatment groups (N=18 each): Group 1 underwent TMJ arthrocentesis using a concentric needle-cannula system with protrusive movements, while Group 2 received TMJ arthrocentesis with a concentric needle-cannula system but without protrusive movements. The following variables were recorded and compared between the groups: maximal interincisal distance (MID - mm), patient pain perception (visual analogue scale - VAS [0-10]), and operation duration (OP - minutes). Patients in Group 1 exhibited significantly greater MID values after 1 year compared to Group 2 (p<0.001). Both techniques of TMJ arthrocentesis significantly reduced pain perception, with no significant difference between the groups. Additionally, no significant difference in OP was observed between the groups. TMJ arthrocentesis, with or without protrusive movements, significantly improves maximal interincisal distance. However, the inclusion of protrusive movements led to a greater final MID, though it did not significantly impact other measured variables. This suggests a potential benefit of incorporating protrusive movements in TMJ arthrocentesis.

Correlation between internal limiting membrane preservation and sub-epiretinal membrane space during epiretinal membrane surgery.

Internal limiting membrane (ILM) is usually peeled simultaneously with epiretinal membrane (ERM), however, in eyes with glaucoma and ERM, ILM is preserved in order to prevent nerve fiber damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate if a new approach for ERM is effective to keep ILM during surgery. Retrospective consecutive case series. ERM was directly grasped with forceps at the site where the scale of submembrane space imaged in OCT was maximum. After the removal of ERM, ILM was stained with brilliant blue G and the area of remaining ILM was graded with 5 patterns. The relationship between ILM preservation and submembrane space was analyzed with ROC curve. Thirty-three eyes of 33 patients undergoing ERM surgery (14 women, mean age: 69.2 years) were enrolled. There were 3 eyes with stage 1, 11 eyes with stage 2, 18 eyes with stage 3, and 1 eye with stage 4. The mean maximum distance between ERM and ILM was 80.5 ± 36.0μm before surgery. ILM was preserved after initial membrane peeling in 21 of 33 eyes (63.6%). ERM-ILM distance correlated with ILM grading (Spearman rank coefficient: P = 0.03). ROC curve analysis identified cutoff value of ERM-ILM distance for ILM preservation was 66μm[AUC (95% CI):0.7143 (0.5192-0.9093)]. Eyes with larger ERM-ILM distance are likely to show preserved ILM during ERM surgery. ERM-ILM distance appears to be a biomarker of ILM preservation during ERM surgery, which would be useful to minimize neuroretinal damage in eyes with glaucoma and related diseases.

Baseline PSMA PET/CT parameters predict overall survival and treatment response in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients.

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a heterogeneous disease with varying survival outcomes. This study investigated whether baseline PSMA PET/CT parameters are associated with survival and treatment response. Sixty mCRPC patients underwent [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT before treatment with androgen receptor-targeted agents (ARTAs) or chemotherapy. Intensity-based parameters, volumetric parameters, metastatic sites and DmaxVox (distance between the two outermost voxels) from baseline PSMA PET/CT were collected, as well as age, Gleason score and laboratory parameters. Cox regression analysis evaluated their prognostic value for overall survival (OS). Additionally, a preliminary lesion-level analysis was done (n = 241 lesions) with lesion location and twelve radiomic features selected from previous literature. Logistic regression evaluated their association with PSMA PET/CT-based lesion progression after 3-4 months of treatment. Total tumour volume (PSMA-TV) (HR = 1.41 per doubling [1.17-1.70]), total lesion uptake (TL-PSMA) (HR = 1.40 per doubling [1.16-1.69]) and DmaxVox (HR = 1.31 per 10 cm increase [1.07-1.62]) were prognostic for OS, each independent of baseline PSA level (HR = 0.82 per doubling [0.68-0.98]), haemoglobin level (HR = 0.68 per mmol/L increase [0.49-0.95]) and line of treatment. On lesion-level, location (prostate vs bone OR = 0.23 [0.06-0.83]) and SUVmean (OR = 1.72 per doubling [1.08-2.75]) were independent prognostic markers for lesion progression, morphological and texture-based radiomic features were not. Baseline PSMA PET/CT scans have prognostic value in mCRPC patients and can potentially aid in treatment decision-making. DmaxVox can serve as a simpler alternative to PSMA-TV when automated segmentation software is not available. When combined with PSMA-TV, lower PSA levels indicated worse OS, which may be a marker of tumour dedifferentiation. Further research is needed to validate these models in larger patient cohorts. Question mCRPC is a highly heterogeneous disease, requiring good prognostic markers. Findings PSMA-TV was the best independent prognostic marker for OS; maximum distance between lesions (DmaxVox) can be used as a simpler alternative. Clinical relevance Baseline PSMA PET/CT parameters representing tumour burden were independently associated with OS in mCRPC patients, providing prognosticinsights for clinical decision-making. Although PSMA-TV was the best prognostic marker, DmaxVox can serve as an easier to obtain alternative.

Assessment of Peak Particle Velocity of Blast Vibration using Hybrid Soft Computing Approaches

Abstract Blasting vibration is a major adverse effect in rock blasting excavation, and accurately predicting its peak particle velocity (PPV) is vital for ensuring engineering safety and risk management. This study proposes an innovative IHO-VMD-CatBoost model that integrates variational mode decomposition (VMD) and the CatBoost algorithm, with hyperparameters globally optimized using the improved hippocampus optimization algorithm (IHO). Compared to existing models, the proposed method improves feature extraction from vibration signals and significantly enhances prediction accuracy, especially in complex geological conditions. Using measured data from open-pit mine blasting, the model extracts key features such as maximum section charge, total charge, and horizontal distance, achieving superior performance compared to 13 traditional models. It reports a root mean square error of 0.28 cm/s, a mean absolute error of 0.17 cm/s, an index of agreement of 0.993, and a variance accounted for value of 97.28%, demonstrating superior prediction accuracy, a high degree of fit with observed data, and overall robustness in PPV prediction. Additionally, analyses based on the SHapley Additive Explanations framework provide insights into the complex nonlinear relationships between factors like horizontal distance and maximum section charge, improving the model's interpretability. The model demonstrates robustness, stability, and applicability in various tests, confirming its reliability in complex engineering scenarios, and offering a valuable solution for safe mining and optimized blasting design.

Characterization of 20 Mung bean (&lt;i&gt;Vigna radiata&lt;/i&gt; L.) genotypes in Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria

The problem of protein deficit in the diets of individuals in South-eastern Nigeria led to exploring affordable plant-based protein sources, hence, the introduction of Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) to curb this issue. Mung bean seeds were sown on ridges and the experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design replicated thrice. Data generated on agronomical and morphological characters were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) which revealed significant differences (p&lt;0•05) amongst characters and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was utilized for the separation of means. Results showed higher variations existed in agronomic characters like: days to 50% seedling emergence, seedling vigour, number of pod cluster, plant height at maturity, 10 pod weight(g), 100 seed weight(g), seed yield/plant(g), yield/plant(g) and yield in kg/ha. Considerable variations subsisted for characters including: number of primary branches, plant height at maturity, pod length, and number of seeds per pod. However, low to no variation was present in days to 50% seedling emergence, days to 50% flowering, days to first pod maturity, primary leaflet length and width and terminal leaflet length and width. Euclidean Distance Cluster Analysis grouped the genotypes in six clusters; Cluster IV had maximum genotypes (six), while Clusters V and VI possessed only one genotype in each. The closest intra-cluster distance was observed between Tvr1172 and Tvr125 and the maximum inter-cluster distance existed between Tvr10 and Tvr161. We recommend that more research should be done in other agricultural areas to give more universally acceptable findings.

Analysis of Dynamic Mandibular Movement of Patients With Condylar Hyperplasia Treated With Orthognathic Surgery and Condylectomy.

To assess the dynamic mandibular movement of patients with condylar hyperplasia before and after simultaneous orthognathic surgery and condylectomy through an intraoral approach. Two groups of patients diagnosed with unilateral condylar hyperplasia were studied: the preoperative group consisted of 23 patients and the postoperative group consisted of 13 patients who had undergone simultaneous orthognathic surgery and condylectomy through an intraoral approach with follow-up for more than 1 year. The normal reference value was obtained from 11 individuals without oral and maxillofacial diseases. Three-dimensional mandibular movement trajectories and electromyography of masticatory muscles were recorded. Patients showed no limitation in mandibular border movement before surgery, but the average amplitude of electromyography of the lower head of lateral pterygoid muscle on the affected side was lower than normal reference value. After condylectomy, the maximum mouth opening decreased [32.00 (26.55, 36.20) mm], mandibular movement deviated to the affected side, and the maximum distance in protrusive movement of the mandibular incisal point and the movement to the normal side were both significantly lowered. Amplitude of electromyography of the lateral pterygoid muscle on the normal side increased in the postoperative group compared with the preoperative group. Patients with condylar hyperplasia had a restriction in protrusive and to the normal side movement, and mandibular movement deflected to the affected side after condylectomy, which indicates the necessity of postoperative individualized rehabilitation training.

Supervised exercise-based rehabilitation for people with intermittent claudication-Study protocol for a Danish implementation process (StRiDE).

Intermittent claudication is a peripheral artery disease caused by arteriosclerosis. People with intermittent claudication experience leg cramping during walking, with relief of symptoms during rest. Evidence shows that by participating in supervised exercise therapy and smoking cessation programs, people with intermittent claudication can reduce those symptoms and improve health-related quality of life and maximal walking distance while minimizing the need for an operation. However, implementation of such health-promoting initiatives in clinical practice in Denmark and other countries is limited. This is a protocol presenting the implementation process of supervised exercise therapy and smoking cessation in a region of Denmark. The implementation process is a collaboration between the municipalities in the Region of Zealand and the Department of Vascular Surgery at University Hospital Zealand. The study uses a convergent mixed-methods prospective clinical cohort design, and the theoretical frame of this implementation process follows the framework for Adapting an existing intervention to a new context (ADAPT). The process involves stakeholder engagement, ongoing evaluation through key performance indicators and relevant outcomes that will inform the implementation process across and within each municipality. Dissemination will happen throughout the process through continued meetings with stakeholders and dissemination of performance indicators and outcome results obtained through a database. All information about the study and material will be freely available. The project is registred on Clinicalgov (NCT06299956).

A study of particle motion in the presence of clusters

The motivation for this study came from the task of analyzing the kinetic behavior of single molecules in a living cell based on Single Molecule Localization Microscopy. Given measurements of both the motion of clusters and molecules, the main task consists in detecting if a molecule belongs to a cluster. While the exact size of the clusters is usually unknown, upper bounds are available. In this study, we simulate the cluster movement by a Brownian motion and those of the particles by a Gaussian mixture model with two modes depending on the position of the particle within or outside a cluster. We propose various variational models to detect if a particle lies within a cluster based on the Wasserstein and maximum mean discrepancy distances between measures. We compare the performance of the proposed models for simulated data.

Single-centre, double-blinded, randomised placebo-controlled trial to determine the effect of a 12-week home-based programme of footplate neuromuscular electrical stimulation on walking capacity in people with peripheral artery disease: a protocol for the Foot-PAD trial

IntroductionPatients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) can experience intermittent claudication, which limits walking capacity and the ability to undertake daily activities. While exercise therapy is an established way to improve...

Intramuscular pH monitoring before and during exercise in individuals with intermittent claudication compared to healthy controls: A feasibility study.

In this feasibility study, firstly, we aimed to assess whether intramuscular pH (IMpH) could be measured with a glass-tipped electrode. Secondly, we aimed to explore whether we could monitor changes in skeletal muscle pH before and throughout static (isometric) and after dynamic (treadmill) exercise, comparing individuals with intermittent claudication (IC) to a group of healthy controls. Forty participants with IC (mean age ± SD) 68 ± 8) and 40 healthy volunteers (63 ± 10) were recruited. Participants in the IC group had an ankle brachial pressure index of <0.7 (mean: 0.62 ± 0.13). The first 20 participants in each group underwent isometric ankle dorsiflexion for 120 s at 30% of maximum voluntary contraction and the remainder underwent treadmill exercise (3.6 km/h, 5° incline) to maximal walking distance. A sterilised reusable 1.5 mm shatterproof, heat strengthened glass tipped pH probe inserted using a peripheral venous cannula and in combination with a pH meter was used to measure IMpH of the tibialis anterior muscle prior to, during and continuously for 1 h after exercise. Resting IMpH was similar between the groups (median 6.8 (interquartile range (IQR) 6.7-6.9)) for IC individuals and 6.7 (6.6 to 6.8) for controls). Following isometric exercise, the magnitude of the decrease in IMpH was greatest in the IC group (median ΔpH max. in patients -0.2 (IQR: -0.2 to -0.1) versus -0.1 (IQR: -0.2 to -0.1) in the control group (p = 0.002). After treadmill exercise, the magnitude of the decrease in IMpH (ΔpH max) was greatest in individuals with IC (median ΔpH max. in patients -0.3 (IQR: -0.3 to -0.3) versus 0 (IQR: -0.2 to 0) in the control group, p = 0.04. IMpH monitoring with a flexible glass probe inserted into the tibialis anterior muscle is viable and changes in IMpH during static and dynamic exercises are detected.

Determining the absolute chemical abundance of nitrogen and sulfur in the quasar outflow of 3C298

Context. Quasar outflows are key players in the feedback processes that influence the evolution of galaxies and the intergalactic medium. The chemical abundance of these outflows provides crucial insights into their origin and impact. Aims. We determine the absolute abundances of nitrogen and sulfur and the physical conditions of the outflow seen in quasar 3C298. Methods. We analyzed archival spectral data from the Hubble Space Telescope for 3C298. We measured the ionic column densities from the absorption troughs and compared the results to photoionization predictions made with the Cloudy code for three different spectral energy distributions (SEDs), including MF87, UV-soft, and HE0238 SEDs. We also calculated the ionic column densities of the excited and ground states of N III to estimate the electron number density and location of the outflow using the Chianti atomic database. Results. The MF87, UV-soft, and HE0238 SEDs yield nitrogen and sulfur abundances at supersolar, solar, and subsolar values, respectively, with a spread of 0.4–3 times solar. Additionally, we determined an electron number density of log(ne)≥3.3 cm−3, and the outflow might extend up to a maximum distance of 2.8 kpc. Conclusions. Our results indicate a solar metallicity within an uncertainty range of 60% that is driven by variations in the chosen SED and photoionization models. This study underscores the importance of the SED impact on determining chemical abundances in quasar outflows. These findings highlight the necessity of considering a wider range of possible abundances that span from subsolar to supersolar values.