Maxillary Sinus Dimensions Research Articles

Analyzing the width of the maxillary sinus from private practice in Bogor, Indonesia

Background: X-ray examinations are still a frequent diagnostic tool used by doctors in Indonesia. However, there is an apparent lack of descriptive data regarding the size and location of the maxillary sinus in Indonesian people. Objective: The aim of this study is to provide descriptive data on the size and location of the maxillary sinus among patients in the city of Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Methods: Sixty eligible subjects aged 17 to 70 years old were randomized into six groups: male and female patients between 17 and 25 years old; male and female patients between 26 and 45 years old; and male and female patients aged 46 or older. Radiographic pictures were taken using the X-mind Novus Digital Panoramic X-ray unit and data were measured using the software Digora for Windows. Results: Using an analysis of variance, we found that men have significantly larger maxillary sinus dimensions than women (79.05 mm compared to 66.33 mm). It also reveals that there are significant differences (p<0.05) between male and female groups; whereas 2 groups aged less than 46 years old are significantly different with group aged 46 years or older in both gender. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that the size and location of maxillary sinus differ significantly between men and women in Bogor and that they follow a specific trend.

Evaluation of the paranasal sinuses dimensions in sex estimation among a sample of adult egyptians using multidetector computed tomography

Abstract The identification of the skeletal and decomposing parts of human remains is still one of the most difficult skills in forensic medicine. An incomplete skeleton may represent a great challenge for forensic anthropologists. The aim of the present work has been to determine the accuracy of using the measurements of paranasal sinuses as a method for sex estimation, which uses Multi Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT). The study was carried out on 100 adult Egyptians (50 males and 50 females) who were referred to the Radio-Diagnosis Department of Alexandria University Hospitals in order to perform CT scans of the paranasal sinuses. For each participant, the lengths of 6 sphenoid sinus lines, maxillary sinus dimensions and frontal sinus dimensions were measured for both sides using MDCT. The study revealed that the mean lengths of right (Rt) lines 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 and left lines (Lt) 1 and 4 of the sphenoid sinus were significantly larger in males than in females. Moreover, the mean lengths of the Rt depth, Lt depth and Lt height of the frontal sinus were significantly greater in males than in females. Additionally, the mean lengths of the Rt craniocaudal diameter, Rt depth, Rt width at the middle and intermaxillary distance of the maxillary sinus were significantly greater in males than in females. Logistic regression analysis was performed for sex estimation with an overall accuracy of 77%. It was concluded that the maxillary sinus shows the highest level of accuracy in sex estimation followed by the frontal sinus and then the sphenoid sinus using MDCT.

Is a simple rational classification of maxillary sinus dimensions applicable?

Background Maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) with autologous bone and/or bone substitutes is a reliable procedure to develop an implant site. Loss of augmentation volume during the healing ...

Evaluation of maxillary sinus volume and dimensions in different vertical face growth patterns: a study of cone-beam computed tomography

Objective: This study aimed to compare sinus volume and dimensions in patients with high-, low-, and normal-angle vertical growth patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and methods: According to skeletal vertical face growth patterns, 60 adults (31 female, 29 male, average age: 29.90 ± 10.91 years) were divided into three groups equally: high-angle, low-angle, and normal-angle groups. Cephalometric tracings were obtained from CBCT images and SN-GoGn (angle between Sella–Nasion line and Gonion–Gnathion line) cephalometric angular measurements used for the classification of skeletal vertical pattern evaluations. Morphological and dimensional changes in the maxillary sinuses were evaluated on CBCT images. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA, Kruskall–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney U statistical tests.Results: There were no statistically significant differences among the groups in terms of age (p > .05). The low-angle vertical growth pattern group showed significantly better results than the high-angle group in the right maxillary sinus length parameter (p < .05).Conclusion: According to the results, the high-angle subjects showed statistically lower values in terms of maxillary sinus length and width than the low-angle subjects. There were no effects of vertical face development on right and left maxillary sinus volumes. The results of this study may be useful in maxillary sinus evaluation when planning for orthognathic surgery and orthodontic mini screw application in various vertical face patterns.

Maxillary Sinus Dimensions Decrease as Age and Tooth Loss Increase

To investigate the correlation between patient-dependent variables and dimensional variations of the maxillary sinus. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 394 individual cone-beam computed tomography scans were evaluated by one calibrated examiner to measure the total volume of the maxillary sinus, the distance between the medial and the lateral walls at 5, 10, and 15 mm vertically from the sinus floor, the height of septa (if present), and the height of the maxillary sinus cavity from both the alveolar crest and the sinus floor to the meatus. Recorded patient-dependent variables were age, gender, and edentulism status. Total maxillary sinus volume was significantly smaller in completely and partially edentulous patients than in dentate subjects. This finding was influenced by age, as older patients exhibited less volume, regardless of gender and edentulism status. Age showed an indirect correlation with the distance to the meatus, the sinus volume, and the mediolateral dimensions. Additionally, the prevalence of accessory meatus in this population was 29.19%. The dimensions of the maxillary sinus are influenced by age and edentulism status being reduced by aging and tooth loss.

Age and gender assessment through three-dimensional morphometric analysis of maxillary sinus using magnetic resonance imaging.

Background:Age and sex determinations are important tools in forensic odontology which help in the identification of an individual. Radiographic method of sex and age estimation is a noninvasive simple technique. Measurements of the maxillary sinuses can be used for the estimation of age and gender when other methods are inconclusive. Maxillary sinus dimensions were used as an important tool in the identification of unknown.Aim:This study aims to estimate age and sex using the dimensions and volume of the maxillary sinus in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and Methods:This study included sixty patients visiting Department of Radiology Mamata General Hospital, Khammam requiring MRI of the brain and paranasal sinuses. Maxillary sinus dimensions were measured using Siemens software, and statistical analysis was done.Results:The volume and dimensions of the maxillary sinus were more in males when compared to the females with a statistically significant difference. The highest percentage of sexual dimorphism was seen in the volume of left maxillary sinus. Age estimated using the volume of maxillary sinus showed no statistically significant difference from the actual age of the subjects.Conclusion:The dimensions and volume of the maxillary sinuses were larger in males than in females, in addition to that they tend to be less with the older age. MRI measurements of maxillary sinuses may be useful to support gender and age estimation in forensic radiology.

The Radio-Morphometric Analysis of Maxillary Sinus Dimensions in Pediatric Population: A CBCT Study

The Radio-Morphometric Analysis of Maxillary Sinus Dimensions in Pediatric Population: A CBCT Study

Sexual Dimorphism of Maxillary Sinus Dimensions Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

Sex determination of unknown persons plays an important role in forensic medicine. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an excellent imaging modality for accurate measurement of maxillary sinus dimensions. This study aimed to evaluate whether maxillary sinus measurements on CBCT scans can be applied for sex determination. The width, length, and height of maxillary sinuses in CBCT images of 100 patients (50 males and 50 females) were measured. Student's t-test and discriminant function analysis were used to compare differences in the measured parameters between males and females. The correct predictive accuracy rate of sex determination was 78% in females and 74% in males with overall accuracy of 76%. Based on discriminant analysis, the most pronounced variable in differentiation of sex groups was maxillary sinus height. This study suggests that maxillary sinus measurements can be valuable for sex determination in forensic investigation, especially for cases in which other traditional methods are not applicable.

Retrospective study of maxillary sinus dimensions and pneumatization in adult patients with ananterior open bite.

The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in the maxillary sinus floor levels between adults with an anterior open bite and those without. This retrospective study included 30 subjects: 15 adults with an anterior open bite (mean age, 21.5±4.3years) and 15 control subjects with normal occlusion (mean age, 21.7±3.1years). Cone-beam computed tomography and lateral cephalograms were analyzed before treatment. The open-bite group exhibited a significantly greater maxillary posterior alveolar height (P<0.05). The craniocaudal heights of the maxillary sinus in the region between the first and secondmolars and between the second premolar and first molar were significantly greater in the open bite group (40.5 and 39.0mm, respectively) than in the control group (36.7 and 34.7mm, respectively; P<0.05 for both). The basal bone heights in the regions between the first and secondmolars, the second premolar and first molar, and the first and second premolars were significantly smaller in the open-bite group than in the control group (P<0.001 for all). Vertical pneumatization of the maxillary sinus floor in the region between the first and secondmolars and between the second premolar and first molar is greater in adults with an anterior open bite than in those without, whereas basal bone height in the maxillary posterior region is lower in the open-bite patients.

Sex Determination of Adult Human Maxillary Sinuses on Panoramic Radiographs.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate dimensions of adult human maxillary sinuses on panoramic radiographs and their possible application on the sex determination for forensic purposes. The sample comprised 64 database panoramic radiographs from individuals aged 20 years or older (32 male and 32 female subjects), with complete permanent dentition (or absence of third molars). One examiner measured the width and height of the right and left maxillary sinuses using the software Image J 1.47v (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA). Measurements were repeated to calculate intra-observer agreement. Chi-Square test, Kappa, ANOVA and T-Student were used for results analysis for p≤ 0.05. Intra-observer agreement with correlation Kappa ranged between 0.38 and 0.96. For female subjects, the mean height and width of the left maxillary sinus were 28.7856mm and 44.6178mm, respectively. And right maxillary sinus was 27.7163mm for height and 45.1850mm for width. Male subjects were found to have the mean height and width of the left maxillary sinus 30.9981mm and 48.7753mm, respectively. And right maxillary sinus was 30.7403mm for height and 48.5753mm for width. There was a statistically significant difference in the height and width of maxillary sinuses between males and females. It can be concluded that maxillary sinuses height and width on panoramic radiographs can be used to determine the gender of adult human subjects.

Maxillary Sinus Dimensions With Respect to the Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery Decrease With Tooth Loss.

The posterior superior alveolar (PSA) artery is frequently encountered in the area where the lateral osteotomy is performed during direct sinus augmentation procedures. To investigate the correlation between patient-dependent variables and measurements related to PSA using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data. Three hundred ninety-four CBCT scans were evaluated to assess the PSA artery diameter and distances to the sinus floor and to alveolar crest. Patient's age, gender, and edentulism status were recorded. The PSA artery tends to be wider in older patients. Distances to the sinus floor or the alveolar crest tend to be shorter in women and in partially and completely edentulous patients. Also, as those distances decrease, the mediolateral width of the sinus increases. Tooth loss leads to maxillary sinus vertical collapse with respect to the PSA artery. The position of the artery is stable; so, the mediolateral dimensions at different heights from the floor increase. The reduced distances from the PSA to the sinus floor and the alveolar crest in edentulous patients potentially increase the risk of injury during maxillary sinus lift. Additionally, when the distance to the sinus floor decreases, the mediolateral dimensions of the sinus at different heights increase, which may complicate the technique and challenge the outcomes.

Linear and volumetric assessment of the maxillary sinus

Introduction Pneumatization of the maxillary sinus can be triggered throughout a patient's life. Prior to any sinus floor augmentation procedure it is imperative to conduct a linear and volumetric assessment of the maxillary sinus. Materials and methods The CBCT scans in this randomized retrospective study were selected from 120 patients (50 men and 70 women) to analyze the maxillary sinus dimensions both linearly and volumetrically. Results The volume of the maxillary sinus was significantly increased in male patients. Statistically significant differences in the volume of the maxillary sinuses were not observed in dentate or edentulous patients. Conclusions CBCT imaging for surgical interventions of the maxillary sinus to assess its volume and size has proven to be an indispensable diagnostic tool.

A study on maxillary sinus dimensions by computed tomography in population of Tamil Nadu

Abstract Background and aims: Maxillary sinuses are the largest of the paranasal sinuses known for variability in their dimensions. The maxillary sinus dimensions can be better ascertained in living by using computed tomography instead of plain radiography. This study was planned for highlighting the variations in the dimensions of the maxillary sinuses of population of Tamil Nadu region. The aims of the present study were to estimate dimensions of the maxillary sinuses on computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head of patients from Tamil Nadu and to compare the data gender wise and sidewise. Material and methods: Maximum width, height and depth of maxillary sinus of both sides were measured in CT - head images of 100 males and 100 females of 20-50 years of age in Tamil Nadu. Comparison of data between genders and sides by applying unpaired student "t" test was done. Results : The mean depth, height and width of both right and left maxillary sinuses were comparatively less in females than the males and the difference was found to be statistically significant ( P &lt;.0001). On comparison between the sides of maxillary sinuses, the depth and the height of maxillary sinus did not show any significant difference in the measurements (p &gt;.05), whereas the width of the left side (23.96 mm) was higher than that of the right side (23.69) and the difference was found to be statistically significant (P&lt;.05). The combined average maxillary sinus dimensions (in mm) for both genders in the study population of Tamil Nadu are as follows: Right side depth: 33.71 ± 1.00; Left side depth : 33.65 ± 1.22; Right side height: 34.66 ± 2.71; Left side height: 34.74± 2.48; Right side width: 23.69 ± 0.78 and Left side width: 23.96 ± 0.86. Conclusion: The dimensions of maxillary sinuses in males were found to be larger than those of females and this difference was statistically significant. The average width of the maxillary sinuses on the left side is significantly more than that of right sided sinuses. Computed tomography measurements of maxillary sinuses may be useful in gender determination.

Anatomy of maxillary sinus and its ostium: A radiological study using computed tomography

Background: Interventions involving the middle meatus are commonly performed because the majority of the paranasal sinuses open into the osteomeatal complex. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to locate the level of maxillary sinus ostium (MSO), to measure the distances between MSO and different anatomical landmarks, to measure the different dimensions of maxillary sinus and to compare the morphology of maxillary sinus between the right and the left sides. Materials and Methods: The study involved 50 computed tomography (CT) images of normal paranasal sinus anatomy in coronal and sagittal planes from the Department of Radiodiagnosis. The location of the sinus ostium (upper, middle, or lower third) was observed. Perpendicular distance from the sinus ostium to the lower border of inferior turbinate and hard palate were measured. The maximum vertical, transverse, and antero-posterior diameters of the maxillary sinus were measured. Results: Of 50 CT images, the MSO was located in the upper third in 40 cases while in 10 it was located in the middle third. The most common location of MSO was in the upper third. The dimensions of the maxillary sinus indicated bilateral symmetry. Conclusion: The dimensions of the maxillary sinus indicated bilateral symmetry, and there were no significant gender differences when compared. However, the distances of the MSO from the major anatomical landmarks were significantly different between males and females which are seldom reported earlier. This knowledge about the variations in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity is crucial during the endoscopic interventions and for functional endoscopic sinus surgeries.

A study on maxillary sinus dimensions by computed tomography in population of Tamil Nadu

Background and aims: Maxillary sinuses are the largest of the paranasal sinuses known for variability in their dimensions. The maxillary sinus dimensions can be better ascertained in living by using computed tomography instead of plain radiography. This study was planned for highlighting the variations in the dimensions of the maxillary sinuses of population of Tamil Nadu region. The aims of the present study were to estimate dimensions of the maxillary sinuses on computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head of patients from Tamil Nadu and to compare the data gender wise and sidewise. Material and methods: Maximum width, height and depth of maxillary sinus of both sides were measured in CT - head images of 100 males and 100 females of 20-50 years of age in Tamil Nadu. Comparison of data between genders and sides by applying unpaired student “t” test was done. Results : The mean depth, height and width of both right and left maxillary sinuses were comparatively less in females than the males and the difference was found to be statistically significant (P< .0001). On comparison between the sides of maxillary sinuses, the depth and the height of maxillary sinus did not show any significant difference in the measurements (p >.05), whereas the width of the left side (23.96 mm) was higher than that of the right side (23.69) and the difference was found to be statistically significant (P<.05). The combined average maxillary sinus dimensions (in mm) for both genders in the study population of Tamil Nadu are as follows: Right side depth: 33.71 ± 1.00; Left side depth : 33.65 ± 1.22; Right side height: 34.66 ± 2.71; Left side height: 34.74 ± 2.48; Right side width: 23.69 ± 0.78 and Left side width: 23.96 ± 0.86. Conclusion: The dimensions of maxillary sinuses in males were found to be larger than those of females and this difference was statistically significant. The average width of the maxillary sinuses on the left side is significantly more than that of right sided sinuses. Computed tomography measurements of maxillary sinuses may be useful in gender determination.

Sexual dimorphism of maxillary sinus using cone beam computed tomography

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sexual dimorphism of maxillary sinus dimensions using the CBCT imaging modality. Thirty CBCT scans of bilateral maxillary sinuses (60 maxillary sinuses) were retrospectively selected and the height, width, and depth of the sinuses were measured. All data were subjected to descriptive and discriminative functional analysis with generation of multiple logistic regression model and ROC analysis.The overall values of the parameters were significantly greater in the males as compared to the females with the right height (90.0%) and the left height (83.3%) being the best predictors. This study proposes the importance of sexual dimorphism of maxillary sinus dimensions particularly the sinus height, when other methods used in the field of forensics seem to be indecisive. It suggests the use of CBCT in forensics thus obviating the complete dependence on the usage of conventional CT.

Sex determination using maxillary sinus.

Background:Individual identification is a subtle concept and often one of the most important priorities in mass disasters, road accidents, air crashes, fires, and even in the investigation of criminal cases. Matching specific features detected on the cadaver with data recorded during the life of an individual is an important aspect in forensics, and can be performed by fingerprint analysis, deoxyribonucleic acid matching, anthropological methods, radiological methods and other techniques which can facilitate age and sex identification. Sinus radiography is one such method that has been used for determination of the sex of an individual. Hence, an attempt is being made to use the different dimensions of the maxillary sinus in the determination of sex using coronal and axial sections of plain computed tomography (CT) scan.Materials and Methods:A total of 30 patients including 17 male and 13 female, visiting the Outpatient Department of the Mamata General Hospital were included as the study subjects. The dimensions of right and left maxillary sinuses of 30 subjects from plain CT were measured using SYNGO software and statistical analysis was done.Results:Sex determination using height, length, width, and volume of the maxillary sinus on both sides showed statistically significant results with a higher percentage of sexual dimorphism in the case of volume.Conclusion:Volume of the right maxillary sinus can be used as accurate diagnostic parameter for sex determination.

Cephalometric assessment of the maxillary sinus using computed tomography, from Sokoto, North Western Nigeria

Background: The maxillary sinus is characterized by a significant inter-individual variation. Computed tomography (CT) measurement of sinus dimensions using provides a satisfactory assessment of the maxillary sinus and its conditions. Aim of the Study: To determine the size of the maxillary antrum and compare the depth, width, and height of the maxillary sinus between sexes and to establish a baseline for values in our environment using CT. Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty subjects (79 males, 51 females), between 20 and 80 years, with normal maxillary sinus CT anatomy, from head CT scans done at the Radiology Department of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, were studied. Measurements were taken between the widest points of the sinuses, antero-posterior (AP) and transverse diameters from axial images, craniocaudal diameter from coronal and sagittal images, and volumes were determined by the product of these three-dimensional and slice thickness. Results: In males, the mean craniocaudal, transverse, AP diameters and volume on the right were: 32.21 ± 5.56 mm, 24.18 ± 5.80 mm, 36.94 ± 4.73 mm, and 14.98 ± 6.53 cm 3. On the left, it was 32.38 ± 5.33 mm, 24.12 ± 5.81 mm, 36.84 ± 5.31 mm, and 15.08 ± 6.66 cm 3 respectively. Similarly in females, values on the right were: 30.93 ± 6.09 mm, 23.14 ± 4.70 mm, 36.29 ± 4.71 mm and 13.26 ± 5.04 cm 3, and left was, 31.14 ± 6.00 mm, 23.69 ± 5.50 mm, 36.43 ± 4.64 mm and 16.06 ± 17.96 cm 3 respectively. Conclusions: CT measurements of the maxillary sinus dimensions are larger in males; however, females had higher left sinus volume.

Measurements of maxillary sinus volume and dimensions by computed tomography scan for gender determination

IntroductionHumans are sexually dimorphic. Identification of remnants of skeletal and decomposing parts of human is one of the most difficult skills in forensic medicine. Forensic anthropologists often receive an incomplete skeleton, which are recovered fragmented but some bones are often recovered intact e.g. maxilla. However, typical identification methods may be inconclusive, especially when certain extreme post-mortem changes have developed.The aim of this study is to compare the size and volume of the maxillary sinus between males and females by CT Scan for gender determination. Methods102 cases (61 males & 41 females) were studied from Gwalior region. The sinus measurements were taken from series of CT Head images on DICOM viewing software using inbuilt electronic caliper. Independent sample t-test & discriminant function analysis were done using Graph pad prism & Word Excel Sheet windows 2007 version. ResultsThe dimensions & volume of the maxillary sinus of male was found to be larger than those of female & this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05) for sinus AP & Volume. 65.16% of males & 68.9% of females were sexed correctly & the overall percentage for sexing maxillary sinuses correctly was 67.03% & sinus AP was the best discriminant parameter with an overall accuracy of 69.81%. DiscussionWe can conclude that CT measurements of maxillary sinus dimensions & volume may be useful for identification of gender in forensic anthropology to some extent when other methods are inconclusive.

The Use of Maxillary Sinus Dimensions in Gender Determination

Gender determination is an important step in identification. For gender determination, anthropometric evaluation is one of the main forensic evaluations. In the present study, morphometric analysis of maxillary sinuses was performed to determine gender. For morphometric analysis, coronal and axial paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) scan with 1-mm slice thickness was used. For this study, 140 subjects (70 women and 70 men) were enrolled (age ranged between 18 and 63). The size of each subject's maxillary sinuses was measured in anteroposterior, transverse, cephalocaudal, and volume directions. In each measurement, the size of the maxillary sinus is significantly small in female gender (P < 0.001). When discrimination analysis was performed, the accuracy rate was detected as 80% for women and 74.3% for men with an overall rate of 77.15%. With the use of 1-mm slice thickness CT, morphometric analysis of maxillary sinuses will be helpful for gender determination.