Maxillary Infiltration Anesthesia Research Articles

Effectiveness of pH adjusted lidocaine versus commercial lidocaine for maxillary infiltration anesthesia

In this study, alkalinizetion of com-mercial local anesthetic solution was attempted in order to determine its effect on onset and pain experienced during injection as well as its effect on depth of anesthesia achieved for maxillary tooth extraction. Total 200 patients participated and randomly distributed into two groups, 100 patients for each. The first group received maxillary infiltration anesthesia for extraction of maxillary tooth with commercial local anesthetic solution at pH 3.5, and the second group received the same injection with alkalinized solution to pH 7.2 using sodium bicarbonate 8.4%. The result of this study showed a significant rapid onset in pH adjusted group comparing to control group. Signifi-cant difference noticed between both gr-oups regarding pain noticed during injec-tion with less pain experienced in study group. No significant difference in the depth of anesthesia achieved. When data assessed for patients with periapical lesion only, a significant difference noticed bet-ween pH adjusted group comparing to control group and less pain recorded during extraction with enhanced depth of anesthesia achieved in study group. In conclusion, pH adjusted anesthesia, although not recommended routinely, co-uld be used to reduce injection pain when severe pain on injection expected. Also, it could be used for patient with periapical lesion to enhance depth of anesthesia.

The neuronal basis for diplopia following local anesthetic injections

The case report presented here describes a situation in which diplopia resulted as an effect secondary to maxillary infiltration anesthesia. Prior cases and theories regarding the mechanisms involved are reviewed, and a new theory explaining this phenomenon is proposed. The autonomic nervous system is presented as the logical basis for the untoward systems, rather than simple circulation of anesthetic solution in the vascular tree.

Long-acting local anesthetics: A comparison of bupivacaine and etidocaine in endodontics

Forty-three patients undergoing endodontic therapy completed a double-blind clinical trial comparing 0.5% bupivacaine (1/200,000) epinephrine and 1.0% etidocaine (1/200,000) epinephrine. Both agents provided profound anesthesia for therapy and reduced postoperative discomfort. The duration of bupivacaine and etidocaine were similarly prolonged following mandibular block and maxillary infiltration anesthesia. A slightly more rapid onset was experienced for the etidocaine infiltrations.