Maxillary Canines Research Articles

Root Resorption and Alveolar Bone Changes in the Maxillary Canine Retraction Using NiTi Closed-Coil Springs Versus Elastomeric Chains: A Split-Mouth Trial.

To compare apical root resorption and alveolar bone changes induced by the maxillary canine closure procedure performed on patients with Angle Class I malocclusion using NiTi closed-coil springs versus elastomeric chains. Thirty-one adult patients who had been instructed to undergo bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction completed a randomized clinical trial split-mouth study with a double-blind design. Elastomeric chains will be used on the left side, and NiTi closed-coil springs will be used on the right side for patients with even numbers. Elastomeric chains will be used on the right side of patients with an odd number, whereas NiTi closed-coil springs will be used on the left side of patients. For each patient, cone-beam computed tomography of the maxillary canine and lateral cephalometric radiographs were carried out before and after treatment to evaluate apical root resorption and perform cephalometric measurements. The tooth root length decreased by 0.90 ± 0.60 mm in the NiTi closed-coil spring group. The alveolar bone level increased by 0.53 ± 0.66 mm on the buccal side and by 0.79 ± 0.72 mm on the lingual side. These changes were statistically significant (P < 0.001). In the elastomeric chain group, the tooth root length was decreased by 0.92 ± 0.69 mm, and the levels of vertical buccal and lingual alveolar bone increased significantly (P < 0.001). Compared to NiTi closed-coil springs and elastomeric chain groups, there was a 0.03 ± 0.878 mm difference in the tooth root length; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.878). Elastomeric chains and NiTi closed-coil springs both generated tooth root resorption, but the results were comparable and the difference was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference between the elastomeric chain and NiTi closed-coil spring groups regarding the changes in alveolar bone loss around the maxillary canines.

Effect of Aligning Forces by Two Preadjusted Edgewise Techniques on a Buccally Positioned Maxillary Canine at Varying Vertical Displacements: A Finite Element Study.

To evaluate the effect of continuous arch and piggyback mechanics in a straight wire appliance (SWA) for the alignment of buccal and variably vertically positioned maxillary canines. A three-dimensional finite element model with near-normal occlusion and buccal and vertically displaced maxillary canines was used. Two groups were created to simulate two commonly used SWAs techniques, continuous archwire (Group 1) and piggyback models (Group 2). Each group had three subgroups with varying vertical displacement of the canine from 2 to 6 mm from the occlusal plane. The displacement and stress distribution were noted in each group. As the vertical displacement increased in Group 1, the concentration of von Mises stress increased progressively at the incisal third (0.36, 0.41 and 0.44 MPa) at 2, 4, and 6 mm, respectively, with decreased maximum occlusal movement in the vertical plane with respect to the canine. Group 2 exhibited a similar pattern but greater occlusal movement of the canine compared with Group 1. A vertical displacement of 4 mm is the optimal level at which continuous arch mechanics should be considered. For displacements beyond 4 mm, the piggyback wire technique is a suitable alternative.

Computational modeling of maxillary canine orthodontic movement

ObjectivesThe current study aims to explore the stress distribution along the roots of palatally positioned maxillary canines during orthodontic movement using a novel computational spring model. MethodsAn experimental analysis based on the spring-model was utilized to calculate Orthodontic Tooth Movement (OTM) and the resulting stresses. Two sets of experiments were conducted: the first set compared stresses on a canine resulting from a single force and a force-couple, while the second set simulated canines' traction during instantaneous movement with varying original tooth angulations using different off-the-shelf orthodontic coils. In total, 130 simulations were performed. ResultsThe model provided estimated stress distribution throughout the OTM with the expected movements, producing consistent outcomes with prior findings. In the first set of experiments, the force couple exhibited an average stress of 43 KPa, while a single force yielded 51 KPa on average. The maximum stress observed was 63 KPa for the force couple and 130 KPa for a single force. Note that the stress distribution attributed to the force couple was alleviated in comparison to the stress distribution caused by a single force. Force couples generated higher average stress. In the second experiment, the application of an occlusally-directed inclined force led to reduced stress levels overall. For instance, when a 200 g distal force was exerted on the canine, it generated an average stress of 20 KPa, whereas applying a force of the same magnitude in an occlusal-distal direction resulted in a lower average stress of 15.5 KPa. ConclusionsLower average stress levels when using a force couple indicate that larger loads might be safely applied for rotational movements. Given that areas under maximal stress are prone to damage, orthodontic treatment planning should carefully consider stress distribution to minimize potential harm in these high-stress zones. The results also suggest that force couples enable the use of stronger forces than a single force. Additionally, it is advisable to extrude the tooth initially before starting any horizontal movement towards the target position. Clinical significanceGiven that orthodontic treatment often relies on virtual planning, incorporating a variety of methods to evaluate stress distribution within the treatment strategy could offer numerous benefits. Such an approach holds the potential to improve both the efficiency and safety of orthodontic treatments, especially in complex cases that require the application of high forces.

Inter-examiner Reliability of Two Methods for Scoring Post-Orthodontic White Spot Lesions from Digital Photographs.

To compare the reliability of two scoring systems for detecting white spot lesions (WSLs) from clinical photographs captured during debonding of fixed orthodontic appliances. Digital images of 58 healthy adolescents (34 females and 24 males) were examined, depicting 384 buccal surfaces of maxillary incisors, canines, and first premolars. Three trained examiners (E1, E2 and E3) independently evaluated the fully anonymized photos in a randomized order using the Gorelick index (GI) and the modified International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II). A 1-2-week interval separated the scorings. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Fisher's z-test, and the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were applied to compare the scoring methods and express examiner agreement. The two scoring systems showed a moderate to strong positive relationship, but inter-examiner variations were significant (p<0.05). We found moderate to good reliability (ICC 0.60 to 0.84) with the ICDAS II system and good to excellent values with the GI (ICC 0.72 to 0.94), depending on the examiner. The agreement concerning the sound surfaces and the most severe WSLs was perfect, whereas the scoring of the milder lesion stages appeared more uncertain. A moderate to strong positive relationship was demonstrated between the two methods when scoring the presence and severity of WSLs from digital images. Significant inter-examiner variations affected reliability.

Use of Orthodontic Mini-Implants in Conjunction with Elastics for Extrusion of Impacted Canines and Correction of Bimaxillary Protrusion.

Orthodontic extrusion of canines, although challenging, can yield excellent results without tooth extraction. Temporary anchorage devices (TADs), involving mini-implants in the alveolar bone, offer stable anchorage via biomechanics. This case report details orthodontic extrusion of bilaterally impacted maxillary canines using TAD mini-implants and elastics. The patient had bimaxillary protrusion, moderate crowding, deep bite, and vertical growth pattern, necessitating careful treatment planning. The combination of TAD mini-implants with Class-II elastics simplified biomechanics. The treatment achieved efficient results, maintained adjacent teeth positioning, and improved patient compliance.

Evolution of Assessment of Impacted Maxillary Canines from Plain Radiographs to Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Evolution of Assessment of Impacted Maxillary Canines from Plain Radiographs to Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Morphological evaluation of maxillary arch in unilateral buccally and palatally impacted canines: a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based study in Northern Iran.

This study investigated the association between the maxillary impacted canines' position and the maxilla's morphological features in an Iranian population based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 47 CBCT images of unilateral buccally impacted maxillary canines and 47 CBCT images of unilateral palatally impacted maxillary canines were examined. Several morphological variables were compared between the impacted and non-impacted sides, and between the buccal and palatal impaction types. Gender and age were not significantly associated with the canine impaction type. The alveolar bone height at the impacted side was significantly greater in the buccally impacted group than in the palatally impacted group (p = 0.016). In a comparison of the impacted and non-impacted sides, all variables of alveolar bone thickness at depth of 2 mm, maxillary arch width, and palatal volume had significantly smaller values in the impacted side in both buccally and palatally impacted groups (p < 0.05). The alveolar bone was significantly thicker at the depth of 10 mm in the impacted side of the buccal group (p = 0.024). The maxillary arch perimeter was significantly smaller in the impacted side of the buccal group (p = 0.008). The palatal depth did not significantly differ between the groups. Among the studied variables, the alveolar bone thickness showed contrary results at different depths. The palatal volume and maxillary arch width were significantly smaller on the impacted side in both buccal and palatal groups, and the arch perimeter showed the same results only in the buccal group.

Classifying the internal anatomy of anterior teeth in the Yemeni population using two systems: a retrospective CBCT study.

A precursor for effective root canal treatment (RCT) is a complete understanding of the internal anatomy of teeth. In this study, the authors aimed to classify the root canal morphology of anterior teeth in the Yemeni population and identify gender-based variations among them. In addition, the symmetry among adjacent quadrants was also evaluated. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 2935 anterior teeth, 1502 maxillary, and 1433 mandibular were analyzed for root canal morphology and symmetry. Comparison between groups and among different genders was done using the Chi-square test. All the maxillary teeth were single-rooted and had a predominantly 1TN1 (Vertucci Type I) canal morphology. In addition to 1TN1, the presence of 1TN1-2-1 (Vertucci type III) and 1TN1-2-1-2-1 (not classified NC according to Vertucci) morphologies were noticed in the maxillary canines. Among the mandibular anteriors, the canal morphologies identified include 1TN1 in majority of the scans followed by 1TN2-1 (Vertucci II), 1TN1-2-1, 1TN1-2 (Vertucci V), 1TN1-2-1-2 (Vertucci VII) was seen only in incisors and newer canal types like 1TN2-1-2-1 (NC Vertucci) and 1TN1-2-1-2-1 (NC Vertucci) was seen in canines and lateral incisors. Two roots were only seen in the mandibular canines and classified as 2TN1-2 (NC Vertucci). Variations in root and root canal morphologies were seen among both genders. However, the results were not significant. All the maxillary teeth except 0.8% were bilaterally symmetrical. In mandible, symmetry ranged between 84.5 and 86.5%. In conclusion, single-rooted teeth with 1TN1 classification are most commonly seen in all the anterior teeth. Gender-based differences were non-significant, and bilateral symmetry was high. Ahmed et al. classification could precisely represent the root canal morphology in two rooted teeth.

Does 3D simulation impact clinical reasoning for orthodontic treatment planning of impacted maxillary canines?

Clinical reasoning is an essential competence to develop in the diagnosis and treatment planning of impacted maxillary canines to ensure good treatment outcomes. It involves skills of radiographic interpretation and mental visualization. To master these, postgraduate students learn to interpret 2D and 3D X-rays to locate these canines accurately. This process demands the creation of mental models of the impaction and resolving it either by envisioning the canine's movement to its correct position or considering its removal. To facilitate this cognitive exercise, a 3D-printed simulator, derived from Cone Beam Computed Tomography scans, serves as a tool to allow students to experiment with various movement simulations, helping them select the most viable treatment approach.This project aimed to assess the differences in expert and novice orthodontists’ clinical reasoning for impacted maxillary canines, and whether the addition of a 3D simulator would affect their reasoning. Thirteen (13) novices randomly assigned to a control and intervention group and three (3) experts took part in a Think-Aloud exercise to diagnose and treatment plan a case of bilaterally impacted maxillary canines. Experts and intervention group novices had the 3D simulator in addition to standardized patient records. Their responses were recorded and analyzed according to a coding scheme reflecting the clinical reasoning process. While experts demonstrated quick clinical judgment and found the 3D simulator redundant, novices were more uncertain and required additional cues. Novices using the 3D simulator described more elaborate treatment plans and had increased awareness of potential complications as compared to the control group.

A Stereo-Microscopic Study: In-Built Torque Comparison using MBT Prescription Brackets of Different Companies

Torsion in an "archwire" that forms a pair when it interacts with a "bracket slot" produces torque. The archwire moves the tooth through the torsional tension created in the activated state, depending on the degree of torsion, the size and quality of the wire, and the deformability of the bracket. The dimensions of the bracket hole may unintentionally vary when brackets are made. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of built-in torque from various manufacturers.  Objective:- To measure and analyse the built-in torque of the maxillary right canine brackets, maxillary right lateral canines, and maxillary right central incisors from commercially available bracket systems (JJ Orthodontics, American Orthodontics, Koden Orthodontics, Desires - Ozone series). The brackets will be measured in 0.022 inches.  Material and Method:- The sample was made up of three brackets from each company (maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine), the torque of which was measured in a dimension of 0.022 inches. Using a stereomicroscope, images were captured, measurements were made following operator calibration with IMAGE PROPLUS, and a digital readout was generated.  Results:- In practically every bracket, the built-in torque mean values were lower. The built-in torque levels were most similar to the American Orthodontics standard values.

Root resorption of maxillary lateral incisors associated with maxillary impacted canines: Cone-beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography study

: The position of maxillary impacted canine (MIC) and the presence of lateral incisor root resorption (RR) remains a challenge for interceptive orthodontics and surgical treatment planning. The use of panoramic radiographs will be compared with CBCT in the diagnosis of RR and emphasize the importance of accurate diagnostic imaging.: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Panoramic Radiography in detecting lateral incisor RR associated with MIC. To evaluate, with respect to sector position of impacted canines, the agreement between panoramic radiographs and CBCT in detecting lateral incisor RR.: A cross-sectional retrospective descriptive study on panoramic and CBCT radiographic records between January 2014 and December 2020. The study setting was Section of Diagnostic Imaging at a University Oral Health Centre. All patients requiring radiographs are referred to this section by all dental departments of the dental hospital. The study sample consisted of CBCT and panoramic images of impacted maxillary canines of patients older than 9yrs. Patients with odontogenic and non-odontogenic pathology in the canine and incisor area, those with previous diagnosis of external root resorption verified from the patient’s treatment records, and patients who have had any form of orthodontic treatment; removable or fixed appliances were excluded. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to analyse the agreement between panoramic radiographs and CBCT in locating canine sector position. All tests were conducted at 5% significance level. Fifty patients records were analysed in our study. The median age of the sample was 15 years and the IQR was 12.5-19. Our sample consisted predominantly of females (n=40) compared to males(n=10). A total of 65 MIC were assessed with 16 bilateral impactions (n=32) and the unilateral impactions (n=33). Of the 65 MICs, 46% were located on the right side and 54% were located on the left side. The CBCT examination showed that 58% (n = 38) of MIC were located palatally, 34% (n=22) labially and 8% (n=5) in the mid-alveolus (between the teeth). The majority of MIC occurred in sector 4 in 2-D pan (26%, n=17) and 3-D pan at (32%, n=21). Pearson's chi-squared test results showed a statistically significant difference in the agreement between 2-D pan and 3-D pan in locating canine sector position (p=0.001).: The detection of root resorption in our study underscores the importance for clinicians to examine panoramic radiographs thoroughly beyond the counting of teeth. Although panoramic radiographs are the routine diagnostic tool in contemporary dental practice, their limitation in definitive diagnosis of root resorption should be augmented with the use of CBCT.

The prevalence of impacted and supernumerary teeth among Libyans attending a university hospital

In this study, we examined the prevalence of impacted and supernumerary teeth in Libyans based on their age, gender, and type of teeth.: Data sources were 374 patients referred to the University Hospital at Benghazi and Almarj as part of this study, including their clinical records. Age, gender, the number of impacted/supernumerary teeth, the type and frequency of impacted/supernumerary teeth, and other variables were examined and processed.: A total of 374 patients were examined, of which 295 (78.8%) were female, and 79 (21.2%) were male, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:3.7. Among patients with impacted teeth, 194 (35.8%) had one, 134 (31.5%) had two, and 139 (32.7%) had three or more impacted teeth. Of 585 impacted teeth, there were only 23 premolars (3.93%), 10 supernumerary teeth (1.7%), 2 impacted molar (0.34%), 7 impacted incisors (1.19%), 2 impacted odontome (0.34%) and 2 impacted deciduous teeth (0.34%).: The third molars revealed the highest frequency of impaction (P&amp;#60;0.001), while the number of impacted teeth of the mandible was more than that of the maxilla (P&amp;#60;0.001). Among the most commonly impacted teeth, the maxillary canines were the most commonly impacted teeth and the mesiodens were the most frequent supernumeraries. To prevent malocclusion and malalignment of permanent teeth, it is crucial to detect supernumerary and impacted teeth early with panoramic radiographs.

Effect of low-level laser therapy on en masse retraction in females with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion : A single-center randomized clinical trial.

Acceleration of tooth movement has gained remarkable attention during the last decade. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on en masse retraction of upper anterior teeth in adult women with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. In this two-arm parallel trial, 36women with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion were randomly divided into two equal groups. Eligibility criteria included classI Angle molar relationship, good general and oral health as well as no systemic disease or syndrome. Four temporary anchorage devices (TADs) were used in the upper and lower arches for anchorage purposes. A 0.019×0.025-inch stainless steel wire with crimped hooks just distal to the maxillary canines was inserted. Nickle titanium (NiTi) closed coil springs (200 g/side) were employed for en masse retraction following extraction of the first premolars. In the laser group (LG), retraction of the upper anterior teeth was done along with the application of LLLT on days0, 3, 7, and 14 after extraction and then repeated biweekly until the end of retraction. Retraction was completed without LLLT application in the nonlaser group (NLG). Data concerning the rate of retraction as well as first molars and anterior positional changes were gained from digitized models and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans taken just before extraction and at the end of retraction. Treatment-associated pain and root resorption were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) and CBCT scans, respectively. Four patients dropped out prior to follow-up. The duration of retraction was 10.125 ± 2.876 and 13.643 ± 3.455 months in the LG and NLG, respectively. The LG showed astatistically significant faster rate of en masse retraction (0.833 ± 0.371 mm/month) compared to the NLG (0.526 ± 0.268 mm/month; P ≤ 0.035). The observed root resorption was significantly less in the LG (P ≤ 0.05) with comparable pain scores in both groups. Within the constraints of the parameters of the LLLT used in the current study and despite the statistically significant results on the rate of en masse retraction and the associated root resorption, LLLT did not demonstrate aclinically relevant effect that justifies its use to enhance en masse retraction. Clinicaltrials.gov TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05183451 DATE OF REGISTRATION: January10, 2022, "Retrospectively registered" URL OF TRIAL REGISTRY RECORD: https://www. gov/study/NCT05183451.

Management of Bucco - Palatal Placed Impacted Maxillary Canine - Case Report

Management of Bucco - Palatal Placed Impacted Maxillary Canine - Case Report

Impacted maxillary canine: Assessment of prevalence, severity and location of root resorption on maxillary incisors: A retrospective CBCT study

The maxillary permanent canine is one of the most frequently impacted teeth, which often requires multidisciplinary management. A common complication of canine impaction is root resorption of the adjacent dentition. The aim of this retrospective study was to report the prevalence of root resorption of maxillary incisors adjacent to impacted maxillary canines from small volume CBCT images by trained clinicians. A secondary objective was to report the location and severity of root resorption. CBCT images of patients with impacted maxillary canines (unilateral and bilateral) who attended a joint orthodontic/surgical multidisciplinary clinic were screened. Descriptive statistics were used to investigate associations of patient characteristics and presence of root resorption. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) logistic regression model were used to identify predictors of root resorption. In all, 148 impacted maxillary canines (122 patients) were analysed. The majority of patients were under 18 years of age (71.6%) with impacted canines present in more females (68.2%) than males (31.8%). Maxillary lateral incisors showed the highest prevalence of root resorption (38.5%). The apical region was the most common location of resorption for lateral incisors (20.9%) with a variable degree of severity evident: slight (10.1%), moderate (15.6%), and severe (12.8%). Although no significant predictors of root resorption were identified, a weak association was evident for age and root development. In this cohort of patients, the roots of maxillary lateral incisors are most likely to suffer from root resorption in the presence of an impacted maxillary canine. Clinicians should consider the extent, location and severity of resorption of adjacent teeth when planning treatment decisions and mechanics in cases of impacted maxillary canines.

Management of Unilateral Impacted Maxillary Permanent Canine: A Case Report

Introduction The management of maxillary canine is very complex because it must be carefully planned and carried out as a team. The handling of impacted canine cases must be seen from a clinical and radiological point of view. Maxillary canine impaction can be caused by a lack of space or inadequate seed placement. The time to treat canine impaction is usually between the ages of 11 and 14. Objective The aim of this case report was to describe the management of an impacted maxillary left canine of a teenage girl. Successful treatment requires complete diagnostics, such as radiographs, good teamwork, and precise treatment planning of the dental team. Case Report An 11-year-old female patient with class I molar relationship, bimaxillary protrusive, and impacted left upper canine visited the clinic for orthodontic treatment. Extraction of four first premolars (bicuspids) was carried out, and exposure by the periodontist was completed on the maxillary left canine for the installation of a traction device (gold chain traction). Conclusion The appropriate timing, treatment plan, and proper surgical exposure preparation in handling this case produced optimal and ideal results.

A Novel Technique Using Extracted Primary Maxillary Canines in an Essix Retainer

A Novel Technique Using Extracted Primary Maxillary Canines in an Essix Retainer

The Influence of Thermocycling Testing on Enamel Microcracks following the Metal Orthodontic Brackets Debonding

Enamel microcracks (EMCs) arising during the removal of metal orthodontic brackets represent a considerable challenge in dentistry. This in vitro study aims to explore the impacts of thermocycling, the types of orthodontic bonding agent, and curing techniques on the enamel surface of the tooth structure following the debonding of orthodontic metal brackets. It also examines the incidence, number, length, and direction of EMCs on the buccal surface of the tooth. Additionally, the study compares adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores and bracket failure post-debonding. Forty extracted human maxillary canines were divided into ten groups, including intact enamel negative controls (groups 1, 2) and groups (3–8) with metal brackets bonded using two different bonding agents and curing techniques. Following bonding, half of the groups underwent thermocycling testing. EMCs, ARI scores, and bracket failure modes were evaluated. The formation, length, and direction of cracks did not significantly differ among groups, regardless of experimental conditions. Thermocycling had no significant effect on ARI scores or bracket failure modes. However, significant variations were observed among curing technique groups, with seventh-generation bonding agents demonstrating potential effectiveness in achieving complete adhesive removal. The study underscores the importance of considering bonding agent systems and curing protocols to optimize bond outcomes and minimize the risk of metal bracket failure in orthodontic treatment.

Comparative Study of Sex Estimation by Mesiodistal width of Mandibular Canine and Mesiodistal width of Maxillary Canine in North Indian Population

Abbreviations: MD: Mesiodistal, SD: Standard deviation, mm: millimetres. Introduction: Various methods of identification such as anthropometry, stature estimation, dactylography, sex estimation, age estimation, DNA analysis, differentiation by blood groups and odontology are used in forensic medicine to create biological profile of an unknown individual. Estimation of sex is the first step towards identification of person. Determination of sex from skeletal remains is an essential task in medicolegal examination.Teeth are highly indestructible and reveal minimal turnover of natural substance hence teeth can be used for sex estimation. Mesiodistal parameter of mandibular and maxillary canine gave evidence of sex estimation due to sexual dimorphism. Aim: The aim of our study was to evaluate the sex estimation by mesiodistal width of mandibular canine and mesiodistal width of maxillary canine in north Indian population. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised of dental impression from 120 individuals (60 males and 60 females), all young adults between 20 and 35 years of age. Impressions of the teeth were made using irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate) material and casts poured in dental stone. Mesiodistal (MD) dimensions of mandibular and maxillary canine of both right and left side is measure by caliper. Results: Mean mandibular canine width of both right and left sidewere higher in male than female and were statistically significant whereas, mean maxillary canine width of both right and left side were slightly higher in male than female but were not statistically significant in young north Indian population. Left mandibular canine width (6%) was more sexually dimorphic than right mandibular canine width (5.1%). Whereas negligible sexual dimorphism shown by maxillary canine. Conclusion: The study confirmed that among maxillary and mandibular canine, mandibular canine can be used for sex estimation and shows significant sexual dimorphism.

Do erupting maxillary canines resorb adjacent teeth? A study focusing both on the ipsilateral and contralateral sides among individuals with unilaterally impacted canines.

To determine the prevalence of root resorption of teeth adjacent to permanent maxillary canines on both sides, by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), in pretreatment adolescent subjects with unilaterally impacted maxillary canines, and to define predictive factors for the root resorption. This retrospective sample included 76 adolescents (38 boys, 38 girls, mean age 12.3 ± 2.1 years; range 8-17 years) who had CBCT after detection of a unilateral impacted maxillary canine before any active orthodontic treatment. Both ipsilateral and contralateral sides were examined, and 14 qualitative and quantitative variables were collected. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and multiple logistic regression was used to predict root resorption. On the impaction side, 57.9% of canines resorbed at least one adjacent tooth compared with 13.2% on the contralateral side (P < .001). On the impaction side, resorption was slight in 59.6%, moderate in 5.8%, and severe in 34.6% of the cases. On the contralateral side, resorption was slight in 91.7%, moderate in 0%, and severe in 8.3% of the cases. On both sides, upper lateral incisors were the teeth most frequently resorbed, followed by the upper first premolars and upper central incisors. The presence of contact between the canine and the adjacent roots was the only statistically significant risk factor for resorption for both ipsilateral and contralateral sides. Orthodontists should look for root resorption on both sides in cases of unilaterally impacted maxillary canines.