Personal Maturity Research Articles

Прикладні проблеми збереження психологічного здоровʼя особистості

The article describes the applied problems of preserving the psychological health of an individual. The structure of emotional well-being is revealed as one of the important criteria of psychological health. The parameters that determine the emotional well-being of a healthy individual and are risk factors for his psychological health are highlighted: internality in the field of family relations, which means responsibility for events in family life; contact, which means the ability to establish deep relationships with others; subjective well-being, which means a reluctance to complain of discomfort; creativity, which means high creative orientation in professional activity; self-acceptance, which means the ability to accept oneself with flaws and weaknesses; behavioral flexibility as the ability to quickly respond to a changing situation; the morality index as the state of the moral sphere; personality maturity as responsibility and self-respect. It is emphasized that these factors can contribute to a decrease in the level of psychological health, which is manifested in the form of the inability to establish deep relationships with others, the tendency to complain of discomfort, a decrease in the ability to quickly respond to a changing situation, indifference to significant events in professional life and many other social psychological phenomena. Key words: personality, psychological health, emotional well-being, rehabilitation, extreme stress factors.

Features of perfectionism among future environmental engineers

The purpose of the study is to analyze students’ high demands on themselves and others; the desire to achieve sophistication in everything (especially in work) – perfectionism. Two methods of the research were used: theoretical analysis and diagnostic tests: “The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale” by P. Hewitt and G. Flatt, one for determining the level of self-efficacy by M. Scheer and J. Maddux in the adaptation of A. V. Boyarintseva, the methodology “Differential test of perfectionism by A.A. Zolotareva”. The students of Sevastopol State University took part in the surveys. The empirical study involved 30 people (students - future environmental engineers). When studying the features of perfectionism, according to the results of the methodology «Multidimensional scale of perfectionism», the levels of perfectionism were equally distributed, namely, half of the sample had low indicators of perfectionism, and the other half had average ones. The results according to the method of A. Zolotareva aimed at studying perfectionism among students show that most of the respondents have a normal type of perfectionism, that is, such students tend to strive for excellence without conflict with other motives.A relationship between personal maturity and perfectionism among students was identified by means of the Pearson correlation coefficient. Recommendations for increasing the level of perfectionism to a constructive one were given due to theoretical analysis and empirical study of the problem of personal maturity and perfectionism among students. In conclusion the authors consider the training program as an integrative personal education, consisting of researching indicators: personal, cognitive-activity, and social components.

Ecclesiastes‘ voice. To the problem of communicative structures in lyrics

The paper discusses the interaction between the lyrical subject and the author in the context of the communicative theory of lyrics, using the poetry of the famous Ukrainian postmodern poet Yuriy Izdryk as the example. The question of defining the speaker (“voice” of poetry) and separating it from the real figure of the author still remains unresolved. The subject of this study is the forms of expression of the lyrical subject in the artistic plane. The aim of the study is to distinguish the lyrical subject in the poetry of Yuriy Izdryk, to understand its specific features and functioning in the poetic text. In the course of our work, we used the methods of hermeneutical interpretation, receptive aesthetics and general analysis. In the study, we characterize the peculiarities of expressing the lyrical subject in the lyrical text “Ecclesiastes 2.0” by Yuriy Izdryk. Thus, based on the study of communicative structures in the lyrics by D. Burdorf, it was found that the lyrical subject is represented by the pronoun “we” (in various forms), which belongs to the category of open “we”, which can include the lyrical subject himself, as well as other participants in communication. Based on the context of the work, where the reader is immersed in reflections on human relationships, “we” can mean the “I” of anyone who will deal with the text. The actual “I” appears at the end of the work, and it is in this part that the style changes: the lyrical subject moves from general reflections into the plane of a personified and intimate address. Based on the internal logic of the text, this “I” can be characterized as the “I” of a conscious, mature person with a lot of life experience, small ambitions and lack of egocentrism. Given the concept of the fictional nature of the poetic text, the “I” and its address to the “you” in the text are artistic imitation. From this perspective, the addressee “you” does not refer to a real person, and “I” is an artistic principle for building this communication. From the perspective of the reader, the text offers a wide field for interpretation. Reflections make it possible to compare the recipient’s experience with the concepts proposed in the text and, at the same time, to try on the role of the other, thanks to the personalized address. The novelty of the study is the consideration of the lyrical subject in terms of communication strategies. The results open up future possibilities of talking about the lyrical subject in the context of other poetic works of the author. Also, the results can be applied in a comparative aspect by comparing the lyrical subjects in the works of other prominent postmodern poets. This will allow us to identify specific features of the lyrical subject of Ukrainian postmodernism in general.

What are the real motivations and experiences of silver entrepreneurs? Empirical evidence from Poland

PURPOSE: Along with demographic changes, it is increasingly frequent that many mature people resign from their full-time jobs and decide to start their own businesses at a later age. Entrepreneurial activity among this group of so-called silver entrepreneurs can be caused by many motives, but these factors usually remain unknown to current employers or do not constitute a valid reason for understanding and keeping a mature person in the workplace. The purpose of this paper is to present new scientific results concerning entrepreneurial motivations, both internal and external, and the previous experiences of silver entrepreneurs from Eastern Europe based on an example from Poland. METHODOLOGY: We analyzed a unique sample of 1,003 owners of micro and small enterprises from Poland. The sample included only people over fifty. Our empirical study used a survey to explore the motivations and experiences of silver entrepreneurs that influenced their decision to start a business later in life. We linked attitude toward the behavior with motivation and utilized the “pull” and “push” factors. We utilized logistic regression to determine the factors related to starting a business above fifty. We also used the ordinary least square regression to determine the relationship between the explanatory variables and the age of starting a business by the respondents. FINDINGS: We found that the main “pull” factor positively influencing the start of business activity by silver entrepreneurs is the fulfillment of dreams as a broadly understood need for self-realization. However, the “push” factors (such as the occurrence of ageism in the workplace, as well as the loss of employment and lack of other opportunities on the labor market) significantly reduced the probability of starting a company at the age of over fifty. On the basis of the positive impact of a “pull” factor, it can be concluded that entrepreneurial activity at a later age is the result of opportunity-based entrepreneurship. Due to the negative impact of the job-loss factor, people made redundant started their business activity at an earlier age, before the age of fifty. Regarding external entrepreneurial motivations, the support received from family is the most important factor related to the individual’s environment affecting starting a business by silver entrepreneurs. However, the support from friends and the support from government bodies were not significant factors influencing starting a business at a later age.IMPLICATIONS: Findings from our study have implications for both employers and groups who support entrepreneurship. First, from the point of view of employers, the occurrence of ageism in the previous workplace could have resulted in resignation from full-time employment at an earlier age and a faster start of business activity. It is surprising that negative behavior towards older employees may also be associated with resignation from work by younger people. From the point of view of government bodies and other stakeholder groups related to the development of entrepreneurship, it is interesting that the support received from government bodies in conducting business activities was statistically insignificant for each group of respondents. This suggests the need to identify effective support and to design a comprehensive strategy for the development of silver entrepreneurship. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The vast majority of previous studies used secondary data or focused mainly on Western Europe, in particular the United Kingdom, Finland, and France. Our contribution is to provide empirical evidence about the silver entrepreneurs from Eastern Europe, especially Poland. Our research included individuals who actually run their own businesses, opposite to previous studies that take into account people who are just considering starting a business. This is particularly important in relation to research on the entrepreneurial intentions of mature people to undertake entrepreneurial activities at a later age, and the real motivations of silver entrepreneurs.

Redefining social relationship: Influence of Mahatma Gandhi on Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Sardar Patel is credited for being almost single handedly responsible for unifying India on the eve of independence. Patel emerged as a hero to Gujarati for Kheda Satyagraha, revolt by refusing the payment of taxes to British, and admired across India. Regarding partition of India Patel oppose Mahatma Gandhi’s suggestion. Patel role regarding princely states and Kashmir issue was remarkable. There are three conditions for the optimum development of an iron or mature personality, which Sardar Patel had. The conditions are following: Extension of the Self, Self-Objectification, Unifying Philosophy of Life. Although Sardar Patel adopted with great skill and success Gandhiji’s method of non-violent resistance to unjust authority, his organizing abilities and his personal style were his own.

Filozofia klasyczna jako podstawa nowatorskich programów wychowania w wybranych pismach Eleonory Ziemięckiej

The subject of this article concerns the philosophical explorations of Eleonora Ziemięcka (1815‒1869), née Gagatkiewicz Ziemięcka, who, influenced by classical philosophy, proposed programmes of education that were extremely innovative for her era, especially with regard to the education of women. In her youth, the Polish thinker was influenced by Enlightenment theories, adopting the category of progress, which was fundamental to that era. She then became fascinated by German idealism, only to later reject its main assumptions and conclusions in favour of Catholic philosophy, which remained closely linked to Thomism. Ziemięcka emphasised the need to try to understand Christian teaching as best as possible. This understanding was then to become the basis for the creation of new educational programmes, especially concerning the education of women. Living and creating in the climate of Romanticism, Ziemięcka criticised the Romantic ‘exaltation of feelings’, justifying the need for equal attention to the education of different areas of the human spirit. By this she meant the intellect, the will and the emotions. Only a balance between them allowed, in her opinion, to achieve the primary goal of education, which is a harmonious, mature personality. Ziemięcka, regarded as a conservative writer already in the 19th century, by no means rejected the notion of well-understood progress. Properly understood, it not only does not contradict ideas sometimes treated as conservative, but only finds adequate justification in them.

Krivično delo vanbračna zajednica sa maloletnikom de lege lata i de lege ferenda

As juveniles fall into the category of insufficiently mature and vulnerable persons, Serbian law has traditionally recognized the special status of minors within the framework of criminal law protection, regardless of whether they are perpetrators or victims of crimes. In recent times, certain steps have been taken to ensure their more comprehensive protection. However, in all these efforts to strengthen the criminal-law protection of minors, one of the criminal offences against marriage and family seems to have remained "under the radar": the criminal offence of cohabitation with a minor (Article 190 of the Criminal Code). While life in an extramarital union can be harmful for minor's health, education, economic situation (etc.), this cohabitation community with a minor may be just a cover for sexual, labor or other forms of exploitation and abuse of minors. In this context, the subject matter of research in this paper is the normative framework of this criminal offence, and its application in domestic judicial practice, particularly in view of achieving the criminal-policy goals de lege ferenda.

Būsimųjų pedagogų požiūris į savanoriškos veiklos bei „minkštųjų“ gebėjimų ugdymo(si) sąsajas: Lietuvos ir Latvijos aukštųjų mokyklų atvejis

In Lithuania, 2022 was announced as the Year of Volunteering. This was one of the reasons for conducting this research and delving into the phenomenon of volunteering, the skills developed during volunteering activities, and the relevance of these skills in pedagogical activities. The role of the educator in contributing to the education of the future generation is extremely important; therefore, educators themselves should not only have extensive professional knowledge but also reinforce personal and interpersonal skills, known as “soft” skills, which help to become a mature person capable of solving personal problems, be active in a working environment, be ready to work both independently and in a group, take the initiative, etc. The article raises a problematic question - what are the connections between voluntary activities and the development of students’ “soft” skills? The research aims to reveal future educators’ attitudes to the links between voluntary activities and developing “soft” skills. The research applied the methods of scientific literature and document analysis, a written survey, and statistical analysis of the obtained data. The analysis of scientific literature revealed that volunteering could take very different forms – volunteering activities and volunteering services; local, national and international volunteering; specialised activities; activities of the representatives of specific age groups; and short-term and long-term volunteering. Each form has its own advantages, so it is very important to choose not only the topic but also the form that meets the volunteer’s needs. The study results showed that the participation of both Lithuanian and Latvian students in voluntary activities is not systematic. They reveal that the level of enhanced “soft” skills acquired by Lithuanian students during volunteering is greater compared to Latvian students. The future pedagogues of both countries positively assess both the volunteering phenomenon itself and the “soft” skills acquired during volunteering, which are especially important for developing specialists’ competencies, pedagogical professional and social activities. Both Lithuanian and Latvian students highly value the importance of volunteering and believe that they gained important experience and developed and reinforced “soft” skills, which are very important in their future professional activities - the abilities to work in a team, communicate and cooperate, make decisions, organise, and plan.

Аnalysis of social responsibility in the system of qualities and values of a socially mature personality

У статті проведено аналіз соціальної відповідальності у системі якостей та цінностей соціально зрілої особистості.Як система цінностей і ціннісних орієнтацій соціальна відповідальність особистості має свою внутрішню структуру і організацію і формується на кількох рівнях: ставлення особистості до самої себе, до людей, що її оточують, до суспільства (людства) в цілому, до середовища свого власного проживання (природи). Соціальна відповідальність на кожному етапі свого розвитку передбачає, крім загальних, використання специфічних принципів самоорганізації особистості. Визначено основні моделі структурування таких принципів. Перша модель виходить із принципу абсолютизації та розрахунку. Якщо цей тип моделі стає провідним у діяльності, то ступінь соціальної відповідальності особистості знижується. За такого підходу духовні та моральні критерії залишаються лише на рівні підсвідомості особистості та їх вплив на мотивацію і поведінку виявляється ослабленим. Для другої моделі соціально відповідальної поведінки особистості характерні такі пріоритетні духовні та моральні критерії, як совість, справедливість, честь і гідність, людяність, доброзичливість по відношенню до понять прагматизму, гедонізму, розрахунку. За наявності такої ієрархії ціннісних орієнтацій негативні прояви прагматизму і гедонізму не переростають у свої крайні форми (жорстокість тощо), що дозволяє формувати реальну соціальну відповідальність особистості. Третя модель соціальної відповідальності особистості повʼязана з пріоритетністю двох груп ціннісних критеріїв у створенні її діяльності. За такого підходу соціальна відповідальність, як правило, виявляється менш зрілою та системною; у поведінці особистості спостерігаються відхилення від суспільних вимог до феномену соціальної відповідальності, що викликає необхідність застосування зовнішніх санкцій. Даний стан соціальної відповідальності охарактеризований як перехідний.

Analysis of How Parenting Affects the Personalities of Islamic Junior High School Students in Medan, Indonesia

This research aims to determine how parents’ treatment of children significantly contributes to the child’s personality. Quantitative descriptive research has a population of 5,378 students of SMP Islam Education in Medan. The research sample was 818 students. The results found that the personality dimensions of neuroticism reflected stressful, irritable, unrealistic, anxious, and restless behaviors. Authoritarian parenting style harmed neuroticism personality. In addition, a regression coefficient of 0.10 (p = 0.05) was also found for openness personality. Therefore, authoritarian parenting had a positive effect on open personality. The democratic parenting variable had a regression coefficient of 0.87 (p0.001), 0.82 (p0.001), 0.57 (p0.001), and 0.56 (p0.001) for personality openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness. Parents are influential in developing a student’s personality because it affects emotional maturity, desire for achievement, social skills, and personal maturity related to student personality dimensions. Thus, parents must apply authoritarian parenting to discipline children, shaping them to have positive personalities.

To the Issue of Improving the Psychological Competence of Nurses in Preschool Educational Institution

Today, the problem of maintaining and improving the health of children is especially acute. Nurses of preschool educational institutions are also involved in solving it. The article highlights the specifics of the work of nurses of preschool educational institutions and ways to improve psychological competence in order to increase the effectiveness of medical and health activities medical and health-improving activities with the pupils in preschool educational institutions. The study aimed to study the psychological specifics of the activities of nurses in preschool education. And the need to form the psychological competence of nurses of preschool educational institutions. Theoretical (analysis of scientific sources) and empirical (observation, experiment - a temporary research team, interview, questionnaire, testing, description) research methods were used. We analyzed the specifics of the professional activity of a nurse of a preschool educational institution and the peculiarities of the requirements for her work. We found that, given the specifics of work in the school, the nurse has completely different powers and responsibilities than the nurses of medical institutions. They have formed various professional qualities, as evidenced by the results of our study covered in the Content Analysis. The need for the formation of psychological competence in nurses of preschool educational institutions was clarified. In particular, the author formed the content and structure of personal qualities that underlie it, as well as factors that contribute to the formation of psychological competence (personal maturity, due to empathy, assertiveness, emotional stability, flexibility, friendliness). We have developed a program of postgraduate training of nurses in preschool educational institutions, which is valid and effective for assessing the effectiveness of education. In the participants of the experimental group, we formed psychological competence within the activities of the temporary research team. As a result of his work, it was found that nurses of preschool educational institutions have increased interest in professional growth. Improving the psychological specifics of the activity will contribute to improving the professional competence of nurses of preschool educational institutions.

A Marriage of Happiness and Religious Beliefs in a Nutshell

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to examine the relationship between happiness and religious beliefs.
 THE RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND METHODS: The research problem is contained in the question: What is the relationship between happiness and religious beliefs in the light of the theoretical- cognitive analysis? The literature on the subject was analyzed.
 THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The analysis of the literature relevant to the subject began with selected approaches to happiness, among others in relation to positive psychology. Next, the researcher referred to category – religious beliefs, and finally, the relationship between two the analyzed categories was examined. The process concluded with forensic attention that was focused on the conclusions resulting from this analysis.
 RESEARCH RESULTS: Happiness, determined by many factors, including essentially a person’s personality and the events that occur in his /her life, is linked to the religious beliefs. Religious people tend to be happy more than those without beliefs. Thus, it can be implied that there is a correlation between the categories: religious beliefs and happiness.
 CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The conducted analysis of the research subject, eliciting aspects of positive psychology such as happiness, the sense of meaning in life, indicated an important factor shaping positive attitudes towards the life trajectory, which are religious beliefs. This issue should be dealt with in the future in the context of shaping a mature human personality, which is undoubtedly influenced by religious beliefs and their quality considered in the category of the quality of spiritual life, and the quality of life, in general.

Craniometric parameters of the spatial position of the supraorbital, infraorbital and mental foramens depending on the facial index of the skull of a mature person

Due to increase of various operative interventions in the facial region of a mature person, it is expedient to study in detail the spatial position of the foramens of the facial part of the skull. Knowing the exact position of the foramens will help doctors during operations and minimally invasive interventions to prevent damage to the vascular and nerve bundles that pass through these foramens. The purpose of our work is to determine the craniometric characteristics and spatial position of the supraorbital (SF), infraorbital (IF) and mental (MF) foramen, depending on the type of structure of the facial part of the skull. The study was performed on 52 bone specimens of skulls and 60 CT images of adults without damage to the bone structures of the front part of the skull. Statistical methods were used to analyze the obtained measurement results in our research, which was carried out with the help of the Microsoft Excel 2010© licensed program package and with the help of the "STATISTYCA" program. When determining the position of the foramens of the facial part of the skull, first of all, we determined the individual anatomical variability of the facial part of the skull, which has the following extreme types: europrosopics (broad-faced), mesoprosopics (medium-faced), leptoprosopics (long-faced). By dividing the skulls according to the facial index, we determined the width and height of SF, IF and MF, and it was found that their diameter does not depend on the extreme types of the facial part of the skull. With the help of corresponding program, the average, lateral and line between the zy-zy points were constructed on the CT images of the 3-D models of the skulls to determine the position of SF, IF, MF relative to these lines depending on the facial index. The average values obtained were analyzed and it was established that the distance from SF, IF and MF to the median and lateral lines has larger values in europrosopics, intermediate values have mesoprosopics, the smallest results were determined in leptoprosopics. The results of the study of the distances from the above-mentioned foramens to the zy-zy line indicate an increase in their values in leptoprosopics, as opposed to europrosopics. The data we obtained confirm the dependence of the spatial position of the foramens on the type of structure of the facial part of the skull. The obtained data will supplement the craniotopographical characteristics of SF, IF and MF, and also provide a basis for further research of their position depending on the facial index.

Determination of the position of the openings of the facial part of the skull in relation to craniological points and bony landmarks depending on the facial index of a person of mature age

Annotation. Knowing the exact position of the openings in the facial part of the skull, through which vessels and nerves pass, is extremely important for performing operative, reconstructive and other interventions in this area. Since there is considerable variability in the position of the supraorbital (SOH), infraorbital (IOH) and submental (SMOH) holes, the purpose of our work is to determine the exact spatial position of the above-mentioned holes relative to cranial points and bony landmarks depending on the facial index of a mature person. Studies were conducted on 52 bone preparations of skulls using commonly accepted instruments and 60 CT images of mature Caucasians without pathology of the bones of the facial part of the skull. Studies on CT images were carried out using a virtual Anatomage table using the Launching Table 6.0 Application program. Statistical methods were used to analyze the obtained measurement results in our research, which was carried out with the help of the Microsoft Excel 2010 © licensed program package and with the help of the “STATISTYCA” program. To determine the interdependence of features in the general population, a correlation analysis was performed. In the course of the study, we determined the average values of the distances from the SOH, IOH and SMOH to the following craniological points: nasion (n.), nasospinale (ns) and frontomalare orbitale (fmo) depending on the facial index. Analyzing the obtained data, significant differences in the position of the above-mentioned openings to the corresponding craniological points were clearly observed depending on the type of structure of the facial part of the skull. There was an increase in the distances from the SOH and IOH to the nasion point and the frontmolar orbital point in euryprosopics, and smaller results were obtained in leptoprosopics. The average values of the distance indicators from the SOH, IOH and SMOH to the nasolabial point were significantly larger in leptoprosopics, in contrast to euryprosopics. When determining the size of the supraorbital margin and the distance from the SOH to the supraorbital margin, euryprosopics prevailed. The obtained results of measuring the distance from the IOH to the edge of the upper jaw and from the SMOH to the upper and lower edges of the lower jaw indicate an increase in these distances in long-faced (leptoprosopic) in contrast to wide-faced (euryprosopic). The results of the study indicate the dependence of the position of the openings of the facial part of the skull on the facial index, which will make it easier in clinical practice to determine the position of the nerves and vessels coming out of these openings.

The Impact of Russian Military Aggression on the Psychological Health of Ukrainian Youth

The article presents the results of research on the main individual behavior problems of Ukrainian youth in the conditions of Russian political and military aggression since 2014. Research is aimed at issues of adaptation potential, social and psychological security, psychological health, and well-being of young people from all geographic regions of Ukraine. The concept of “socially determined coping constructs” is proposed and the influence of interpersonal behavior style on the resourcefulness and adaptive potential of youth in the conditions of military operations is determined. Prognostic indicators of young people’s experience of security in the conditions of an unpredictable long-term scenario of military aggression are concise. It has been proved that adaptation potential is a factor of preservation of psychological health that is methodologically considered within the paradigm of humanistic psychology within the range of the concept of resilience, psychological well-being, and personal maturity. Interpersonal behavior can be considered by us as a developed form of interaction of personal genesis and social induced predisposition of a certain objectified relation. Adaptation potential is determined as a social-psychological integral hierarchical-parity formation that ensures homeostasis of mature functioning of personality within the conditions of social stress induced by the activity of adaptation capabilities, their latency, timeliness, correspondence with subjective resources, and vectors of social actualization. There has been an empirical establishment of predictors determining the impact of special features of the style of interpersonal behavior on index of perceived stress, index of coping resources, positive attitude to others, autonomy, environment management, personal development, life goals, self-perception, psychological well-being, inclusion, control, risk acceptance, and resilience. The results of our research became the basis for determination of the phenomenon of interpersonal behavior as predictor of the triad: interpersonal communication, adaptation potential, and psychological health of youth.

THE FORMATION OF BOHDAN KHAVARIVSKYI AS PERSONALITY, SOCIAL, POLITICAL, CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL FIGURE (THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY – THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY)

This article attempts to investigate the development of Bohdan Khavarivskyi as a philologist, teacher, archivist, local historian, artist, personality, public-political and cultural-educational figure in the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. This significant list of his interests testifies to this person's uniqueness, comprehensiveness, and talent. Based on the analysis of archival materials, it was found that the formation of B. Khavarivskyi took place in the traditions of family upbringing, his parents and teachers who encouraged him to draw, write poems, recite, and sing was an example to follow in childhood. Bohdan-Roman was a comprehensively gifted individual who could realize his talents later in life. His activities were traced during his studies at the philological faculty of Chernivtsi State University. He attended the literary studio named after Stepan Budny, designed and edited its handwritten newspapers "Sunny Clarinets" and "Vesely Ostap," and gave speeches at scientific conferences. Acquaintance with famous Ukrainian science and culture figures from Chernivtsi contributed to his formation as a mature personality with an active life position and deep national convictions. It has been proven that the beginnings of his pedagogical work were connected to his teaching activities in a rural school in the Ternopil region. Over time, Bohdan Khavarivskyi worked as an educator in the dormitory of Ternopil Technical School № 2. Also, as a teacher at Ternopil Special Vocational Technical School № 3. It was found that the center of the future writer's organization, a professional center of artists, free from the restrictions of the standards of socialist realism, was formed in this educational institution. Subsequently, he was a senior researcher at the Ternopil Regional State Archives, a teacher at the Ternopil State Pedagogical Institute, the head of the public education department of the Ternopil Regional Executive Committee, the director of the State Archives of the Ternopil Region. It is known that he thoroughly mastered the subjects he taught. He practiced original modern forms and teaching methods, involved pupils and students in Ukrainian and world cultural achievements, and worked in close contact with the Ternopil Art Gallery, the Ternopil Museum of Local History, and the creative organizations of the city. He organized fine art weeks and involved artists from Ternopil and Lviv in exhibitions of paintings and graphics.

Resisting temptation and its relationship to the mature personality of university students

تعد الجامعات من المقومات الأساسية لتكوين الإنسان القادر على استخدام قدراته العقلية بكفاية في مواجهة موقف الحياة المختلفة واتخاذ القرارات الصائبة في عمله أو الجامعة وغيرها (حسن ، 1989: 22) . ويتعرض الشباب في الجامعي إلى العديد من الموقف المغرية التي قد تدفع بهم إلى القيام بسلوكيات منافية للمعايير الاجتماعية والقيم الأخلاقية السائدة في المجتمع ونخشى عليهم وهم قادة المستقبل إن تضعف مقاومتهم للإغراء مما قد يؤدي إلى عدم توافقهم النفسي ، وان ضعف مقاومة الإغراء عند الشباب الجامعي قد تؤثر في شخصياتهم وقد تزلزل ثبات الضمير عندهم أو يشعرهم بالذنب الأمر الذي قد يجعلهم ليتعاملون مع الإحداث التي يواجهها الشباب الجامعي بصورة ايجابية

„Мълчал съм, но ще викам“: Петко Славейков на заточение в Трявна (юли–септември 1881)

The article focuses on a short period of Petko Slaveykov’s political and literary biography. The circumstances surrounding his forcible exile in the summer of 1881 have been traced on the basis of letters, literary works, and original archival documents. Observations on the psychological state of an unjustly removed politician from high state positions show his personal maturity and ability to survive in difficult situations. Some of the ideas defended by Petko Slaveykov in the summer of 1881 have been considered from a historical perspective. It has been shown that his judgment of people and events was generally adequate, and that his prediction of a future collapse of the authoritarian princely regime was reasonable. Although temporary removed from political life, Petko Slaveykov maintained his contacts with friends and like-minded people. He was well informed about the course of events in the Principality of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia. The published letter to Prince Alexander I shows his civil courage and faith in liberal ideas. The role of the family in the difficult times of trial and exile is described through letters from his son Ivan. Some of the literary works created by Petko Slaveykov in the summer of 1881 in the ‘prison’ of his own house in the town of Tryavna are also mentioned. The full texts of two unpublished documents are attached – manuscripts by Petko Slaveykov from September 1881.

Личностная зрелость: модель исследования в контексте событийного подхода

Introduction. The problem of personal maturity, its criteria and mechanisms of achievement, acts as one of the significant and urgent problems in modern psychological science. A large number of scientific papers are devoted to the interpretation and definition of this concept, the search for its content and structural elements. Theoretical analysis. Based on the systematization of theoretical material, the author builds a model for the analysis of personal maturity (in the context of the event approach). In this model, there are blocks that can act as parameters of personal maturity: event block, reflexive block, semantic block, behavioral block. Conclusion. Conclusions are drawn that significant personality events can act as possible initiators of the formation of personal maturity, and are defined in the event block of the study. The mechanisms of experiencing a crisis event, forming unity with reflexive processes, constitute (a reflexive block of research). Comprehension of the situation, construction of new meanings (semantic block of research). Adaptation to new conditions, situational activity (behavioral research unit). The author believes that the data obtained can be used for a more detailed analysis of personal maturity, the conditions for its actualization, as well as for the construction of models of empirical research of personal maturity.

SOCIOGRAM OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS IN A GROUP OF COLLEGE STUDENTS

The aim of the study is to study interpersonal relationships in a group of college students and build a sociogram. The study was conducted in a group of college students consisting of 29 people, including 15 girls and 14 boys aged 17-18 years. In order to clearly see the picture of the degree of cohesion of the group, a study was conducted in the form of group testing, for this a sociometric technique developed by J. Moreno was chosen. This technique involves the diagnosis of emotional ties, likes and dislikes within the group, the identification of a leader, the detection of intra-group cohesive formations. Based on the sociogram presented in the article, we see that there are no isolated guys in the group, which is an indicator of a good and full-fledged group. Forecasting the general prospects for the development of the educational team is actively moving in a positive direction, since none of the members of the group regrets that they entered this particular specialty, the forecast can be as follows: after training, at least 70% of students will graduate, they will already be mature personalities, find a job in their area of specialization.