Maturity Groups Research Articles

Maturity-associated variation in the body size, physical fitness, technical efficiency, and network-based centrality measures in young soccer players

This study aimed to observe the relationships between the maturity status on the network-based centrality measures of young athletes in small-sided soccer games (SSG). The study included 81 male players (14.4 ± 1.1 years). Measurements included height, sitting height, body mass, and bone age (TW3 method). The applied protocols were the following: Countermovement Jump (CMJ), Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRT1), Repeated Sprints Ability (RSA), observational analysis of techniques, and interactions performed by players in SSG. The relationship between the set of evaluated variables within each maturity status was obtained from the correlational analysis of networks (P < 0.05). The maturity status explained a significant portion of the variance in body mass (η2 = 0.37), height (η2 = 0.30), sitting height (η2 = 0.30), and performance on the YYIRT1 (η2 = 0.08), CMJ (η2 = 0.14), and RSA (η2 = 0.13). No effect of maturity status on network-based centrality measures of young athletes was identified (P > 0.05). For the late maturity group, there was a correlation between the degree of centrality and physical growth indicators (rmean = 0.88). For players with maturation “on time”, physical growth indicators relate to the degree of prestige (rmean = 0.36). It is concluded that body size and bone age impact how late and on-time maturity groups interact within the match.

Influence of macronutrients and micronutrients on maize hybrids for biogas production

Important in the cultivation of corn for biogas production is the selection of appropriate hybrids, macro- and micronutrient dozing and the evaluation of energy and economic efficiency of their use. Therefore, this article presents the results of 3-year field research (2019–2021) on the yield of maize hybrids of different maturity groups grown for silage. The influence of the application of macronutrients and micronutrients on fresh and dry mass yield, chemical composition, methane yield, energy, and economic efficiency was analysed. It was established that depending on the maize hybrid, the application of macro- and micro-fertilizers increased the yield of the fresh mass of maize by 1.4–24.0% compared to options without their use. The evaluation of the theoretical yield of CH4 based on the content of fats, protein, cellulose, and hemicellulose is also presented in different samples of maize. The findings show that the application of macro-and micro-fertilizers is suitable from the energy and economic points of view — profitability begins to appear at the price of biomethane of 0.3–0.4 euros per 1 m3.

PRODUCTIVITY OF CORN HYBRIDS DEPENDS ON GROWING TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS

The main methods of growing new corn hybrids of different maturity groups in the forest-steppe remain insufficiently studied, and there are also few studies on the development and adaptation to specific soil and climatic conditions of integral technological systems, which would be based on the use of the biological potential of the culture and the application of resource-saving measures; to scientifically justify the principles of hybrid selection for specific subzones of the Forest Steppe and to theoretically argue the directions of resource saving in varietal technologies for growing different biotypes. The article presents the results of studies on the influence of sowing dates on the grain productivity of various corn hybrids in the conditions of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. Research has established that sowing dates affect the passage of phenological phases in corn. Late sowing times contribute to the shortening of the growing season and grain ripening period. The vegetation period of corn hybrids at the early sowing period varied between 117-134 days, medium - 115-136 days, and late - 113-132 days. A delay in sowing corn hybrids led to a decrease in yield, but this trend was not followed for all studied hybrids. So, in particular, in hybrid P 9619, early sowing led to a decrease in productivity. Therefore, it must be sown later in order to obtain high productivity. On the basis of two-year observations, it was established that the highest grain yield was formed on variants with mid-early hybrids: P 8904 – 15,1 t/ha, 10,7 and 13,4 t/ha; P 8666 – 14,5 t/ha, 12,6 and 13.0 t/ha, respectively, when sowing in the early, middle and late season. The realization of the genetic potential of its productivity in the conditions of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine depends on the selection of a corn hybrid of a certain maturity group with the available zoning and sowing dates.

Registration of ‘S11‐17025C’ soybean: A high‐yielding and high‐oil conventional cultivar with broad resistance to diseases and nematodes

AbstractThe soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] cultivar ‘S11‐17025C’ (Reg. no. CV‐558, PI 701486) was developed and released by the University of Missouri‐Fisher Delta Research, Extension, and Education Center (MU‐FDREEC). S11‐17025C is a conventional, early maturity group V (relative maturity, 5.2) with high yield potential with a determinate growth habit. It is a chloride excluder for tolerance to high‐chloride field conditions. It has broad disease resistance, including soybean cyst nematode races 1 (HG type 2.5.7), 2 (HG type 1.2.5.7), 3 (HG type 5.7), and 5 (HG type 2.5.7); southern root‐knot nematode; reniform nematode; and sudden death syndrome. S11‐17025C was tested in 133 environments across 10 states, including Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia, in 2012–2016. It was evaluated in yield tests at the MU‐FDREEC (2012–2016), USDA Uniform Soybean tests (2013–2016), and soybean state variety tests (2015 and 2016). S11‐17025C yielded 104% of the commercial check mean across multiple environments. 17025C has broad adaptation across the Mid‐south where growers may benefit from premium prices offered for conventional soybeans. S11‐17025C can also serve as germplasm for use in crosses in breeding programs.

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of European Soybean Germplasm Revealed by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism.

Soybean is the most grown high-protein crop in the world. Despite the rapid increase of acreage and production volume, European soybean production accounts for only 34% of its consumption in Europe. This study aims to support the optimal exploitation of genetic resources by European breeding programs by investigating the genetic diversity and the genetic structure of 207 European cultivars or American introductions registered in Europe, which were genotyped by the SoySNP50K array. The expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.34 for the entire collection and ranged among countries from 0.24 for Swiss cultivars to 0.32 for American cultivars (partly reflecting differences in sample size between countries). Cluster analysis grouped all genotypes into two main clusters with eight subgroups that corresponded to the country of origin of cultivars and their maturity group. Pairwise Fst values between countries of origin showed the highest differentiation of Swiss cultivars from the rest of the European gene pool, while the lowest mean differentiation was found between American introductions and all other European countries. On the other hand, Fst values between maturity groups were much lower compared to those observed between countries. In analysis of molecular variance, the total genetic variation was partitioned either by country of origin or by maturity group, explaining 9.1% and 3.5% of the total genetic variance, respectively. On the whole, our results suggest that the European soybean gene pool still has sufficient diversity due to the different historical breeding practices in western and eastern countries and the relatively short period of breeding in Europe.

E035 An evaluation of the causes and outcomes of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in Sheffield Teaching Hospitals: 2016 to 2021

Abstract Background/Aims Haemophagocytic lymphiohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, underrecognised hyperinflammatory syndrome, characterised by immune dysregulation. Without treatment, the ensuing cytokine storm leads to high mortality. Secondary HLH (sHLH) is triggered by malignancy, infection, autoimmunity and medicines; treatment with immunosuppression is consensus- rather than evidence-based and extrapolated from primary HLH. Sheffield hosts a mature HLH multidisciplinary advisory group (MDAG). Here we evaluate the cause, treatment, requirement for critical care and mortality of people with HLH managed through the MDAG in a period including the coronavirus pandemic but prior to NHS England approval of anakinra (IL-1 antagonist) for HLH. Methods This retrospective evaluation (approved locally STH 10850) identified patients from MDAG records 1st October 2016 to 30th September 2021. Data from electronic/paper records was analysed using Microsoft Excel. Results HLH triggers were infection (viral 34%, bacterial 10%), haematological (35%), rheumatological (13%) and other (8%). Rheumatological causes were Still’s disease (n = 5); antiphospholipid syndrome (n = 2); JO1 dermatomyositis (n = 1); SLE (n = 1); and rheumatoid arthritis (n = 1). Other causes included unknown (n = 3); combined systemic JIA and sickle cell crisis (n = 1); medication (alemtuzumab) (n = 1); and primary HLH (n = 1). Overall mortality was 53% and highest in HLH with a haematological malignancy trigger (82%) Prior to the COVID19 pandemic (pre-March 2020), the commonest trigger of HLH was haematological malignancy (47%); after March 2020, the commonest trigger was infection (64%); COVID-19 explained 42% of cases. Mortality fell from 72% to 31%. Conclusion In this real-world series of people with HLH, mortality and critical care requirement was high. HLH triggers reflect published evidence as does poor prognosis in haematological malignancy-associated HLH. No-HLH associated with non-haematological malignancy was identified; we may need to improve MDAG reach into oncology. Seeming reduction in mortality following the COVID-19 pandemic may reflect increased recognition of COVID-19 induced hyperinflammation along with locally-agreed access to anakinra for COVID-19-induced HLH. The increase in infection related HLH cases since March 2020 is explained largely by COVID-19 cases. This has led to a relative reduction in cases related to haematological malignancy. HLH requires multidisciplinary management and better research to improve treatment. Disclosure B. Awdas: None. T. Nadin: None. R. Tattersall: None.

Comparative analysis of the main economic and biological parameters of maize hybrids that determine their productivity

Corn kernels are characterised by the presence of all the nutrients, macro- and microelements necessary for growth and development in an easily digestible form. Considering the differentiation of soil and climatic zones of cultivation, the breeding process is designed to establish hybrids of different maturity groups. The research purposes to evaluate maize hybrids of different maturity groups for a set of economic and biological traits of productivity, high-yield stability, and further cultivation in production conditions suitable for mechanised harvesting. Methods used in the research include informational, theoretical analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison and generalisation; research identification, and measurement. During the research, a systematic analysis was applied, considering the uniqueness of technical, productive, and economic conditions for growing hybrid corn. The research results demonstrate that to achieve successful regulation of maize hybrids productivity and improve their quality, it is necessary to select for suitability for specific soils and climatic zones, considering the biological requirements for seeds and developing effective agrotechnical means designed for processes occurring at different stages of growth and development. The seeds of corn hybrids, formed by breeding, were determined by a high nutrient content: In mid-early corn, the content of crude protein was 9.2-9.9%, crude fat – 4.2-4.4%, BER (nitrogen-free extractives) – 82.5-83.3%, starch – 71.4-73.7%; in the medium-late group, the content of crude protein ranged from 9.8-10.4%, crude fat from 4.1-4.6%, BER from 80.6-82.2%, and starch from 70.2-74.1%. The medium-early group of hybrids obtained the optimal height of 245-276 cm, the weight of 1000 seeds – 308-344 g, the ratio of node height to plant height – 0.445; the medium-ripening group respectively 296-351 cm, 318-382 g, 0.455

Ecological varieties research of spring wheat in northern forest steppe in Chelyabinsk region

The studies were carried out in 2017-2022 in the field experiment on the fields of the primary seed production department of the crop production complex of LLC «Chebarkulskaya Ptitsa». The aim of the research was a comparative ecological study of varieties of spring soft wheat of different maturity groups in order to select an assortment that provides the maximum stable yield in the bioclimatic conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Chelyabinsk region. The studied varieties of spring soft wheat belong to three groups of maturity - medium-early, medium-ripening and medium-late. In each of these groups, we have identified the most productive varieties in comparison with the standard variety. By origin, the standards are in all groups of the Chelyabinsk selection, the Ekaterina variety was obtained by scientists from Yekaterinburg, Ulyanovskaya 105 is a variety of the Ulyanovsk selection, and Uralosibirskaya - of the Omsk selection. The varieties Ekaterina, Ulyanovskaya 105 and Chelyaba 75 turned out to be the most stress-resistant. The varieties Ulyanovskaya 105, Erythrospermum 59 and Yekaterina have a genotype that best corresponds to changing environmental factors. When calculating the sum of ranks in each group of the studied varieties, the most productive and adaptive varieties to growing conditions were identified: Ekaterina, Ulyanovskaya 105 and Uralosibirskaya. According to the results of the research, the varieties Ekaterina, Ulyanovskaya 105 and Uralosibirskaya were selected for cultivation in the fields of the crop production complex of the agricultural holding. Elite seeds of varieties are sold to agricultural producers of the Chelyabinsk region.

Maturity-Related Variations in Morphology, Body Composition, and Somatotype Features among Young Male Football Players.

The study aimed to investigate differences in anthropometry, body composition (BC), and somatotype in young football players of the same chronological age according to the maturity stage. Overall, 64 elite players (age: 14.28 ± 0.46 years) were evaluated for standing and sitting body height, girth measures, and BC using the bioelectric impedance scale and skinfold thickness. In total, two-thirds (73.44%, n = 47) of football players were classified as on-time maturers, 12.50% (n = 8) were early maturing, and 14.06% (n = 9) were late maturing. Standing and sitting height, leg length, fat-free mass, and muscle mass were significantly different (p < 0.001) across maturity groups. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) with maturity progression was seen for subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds along with a girth increase at all sites (p < 0.05). Early maturers were balanced ectomorphs, while on-time and late maturers featured mesomorph-ectomorph characteristics. The obtained results suggested that mature players have better BC presented as a lower fat percentage along with higher muscle mass, advantages in circumferences, and longitudinal dimensions of the body with highlighted mesomorph features. Maturity can have a substantial influence on body measures, thereby affecting sport-specific performance. Early maturers can use their anthropometric advantages and compensate for a lack of talent, consequently preventing even participation of physically undeveloped players in training. A better understanding of maturity, BC, and somatotypes can help in the selection of young talented players.

Characterizing Cleft Rhinoplasty Across Skeletal Maturity: A Systematic Review of Terminology and Surgical Techniques.

The purpose of this study is to assess cleft rhinoplasty terminology across phases of growth. A systematic review was performed on cleft rhinoplasty publications over 20 years. Studies were categorized by age at surgical intervention: infant (<1 year); immature (1 to 14 years); mature (>15 years). Collected data included terminology used and surgical techniques. The 288 studies included demonstrated a wide range of terminology. In the infant group, 51/54 studies used the term "primary." In the immature group, 7/18 studies used the term "primary," 3/18 used "secondary." In the mature group, 2/33 studies used the term "primary," 16/33 used "secondary," 2/33 used "definitive," 5/33 used terms such as "mature," "adult," and "late," and 8/33 did not use terminology. cleft rhinoplasty at infancy used nostril rim or no nasal incision, immature rhinoplasty used closed and open rhinoplasty incisions; and mature rhinoplasty used a majority of open rhinoplasty. Infant and immature cleft rhinoplasty incorporated septal harvest or spur removal in <10% of cases, whereas these procedures were common in mature rhinoplasty. No studies in infants or immature patients used osteotomies or septal grafts, common techniques in mature rhinoplasty. Current terminology for cleft rhinoplasty is varied and inconsistently applied across stages of facial development. However, cleft rhinoplasty performed at infancy, childhood, and facial maturity are surgically distinct procedures. The authors recommend the terminology "infant," "immature," and "mature" cleft rhinoplasty to accurately describe this procedure within the context of skeletal growth.

Sex hormone concentrations in the blood of sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis) off Iceland

Blood samples were collected postmortem at sea, from 195 sei whales (127 females and 68 males) caught southwest of Iceland between 1983 and 1988. The reproductive status of the whales was determined by anatomical/histological methods. The blood samples were measured by radioimmunoassays for progesterone (P), testosterone (T) and oestradiol concentrations, which were then related to the reproductive status, the length of the whales and the days of the hunting season. Serum P concentrations in females were found to be clustered mainly into two groups, one with values at or below the detection limit (0.1nmol/L) of the assay (Group I) and the other with values about two orders of magnitude higher (Group III) with intermediate values (Group II) in between. Anatomical results showed that Group I (n = 73) was largely a mixture of immature and anoestrous mature females. Group III (n = 39), with a significantly (p &lt; 0.01) greater mean body length than Group I, had a distinct frequency distribution of serum P values with a mean (SD) concentration of 10.3nmol/L (4.1) and consisted predominantly of pregnant females. Many foetuses were lost at sea due to a slit in the abdomen for cooling purposes, but all 13 foetuses (1.5-3.7m in length) recovered belonged to females of Group III. Group II (n = 15) consisted mainly of anoestrous mature animals. When pregnancy was estimated by serum P values and sexual maturity by the anatomical findings, the apparent pregnancy rate of mature females was 0.37, agreeing reasonably with earlier reports. Male sei whales were classified into immature, pubertal and mature groups by anatomical/histological methods and had mean T concentrations (nmol/L, ranges) of 0.85, 0.1-4.5; 3.3, 0.1-14.7 and 4.8, 0.1-14.8, respectively. Serum T concentrations did not correlate significantly with body length in the groups but pubertal and mature males had significantly higher geometric mean T values than immature males. Mean serum T concentrations in males, classified as sexually mature by anatomical/histological methods, rose approximately 3.2-fold every 30 days during July-September indicating a seasonal breeding cycle. It is concluded that measurements of sex hormone concentrations in sei whales make a powerful addition to the earlier anatomical/histological methods for determination of reproductive status, not only corroborating them but apparently surpassing them in sensitivity of detecting pregnancy and cyclical changes in serum T values during the male reproductive cycle.

Screening of promising potato hybrids by drought tolerance indices

Purpose. To evaluate promising potato hybrids for productivity and resistance to drought under water deficit conditions and to identify genotypes with a high level of adapta­bility to abiotic environmental factors. Methods. During 2021–2022, 57 potato genotypes of different ripeness groups were studied in the fields of breeding crop rotation of the breeding laboratory of the Polissia Research Department of the Institute for Potato Research NAAS of Ukraine. Genera­l­ly accepted methods of selective statistical analysis were used. Results. The research results revealed that in a dry year, the average potato yield loss for all maturity groups was 15.3 t/ha or 66 % compared to the indicators of a wet year. A high total percentage of drought-resistant and moderately drought-resistant hybrids was distinguished in the mid-season group. In total 16 breeding samples out of 54 studied ones under the condition of sufficient moisture produced the highest yield (in the range of 24.4–35.9 t/ha). During dry periods, 21 samples had high productivity (7.8–19.2 t/ha). The following hybrids showed an advantage over the average (Ŷ) for 8–9 evaluated drought tolerance indices: ‘P.15.56-10’, ‘P.17.21/43’, P.19.53/6’, ‘P.17.30-3’, ‘P.17.1-4’, ‘P.18.51/3’, ‘P.17.19-21’, ‘P.17.18/9’, ‘P.17.4/13’ ‘P.17.43/1’, P.17.44-1’, ‘P.17.38/16’, ‘P.17.8-28’, ‘P.17.13/7’ and ‘P.17.38-56’. Conclusions. According to the results of the research, hybrids with high productivity and response to stress were identified. Thus, 5 samples formed high productivity under optimal conditions and were resistant to drought; 5 samples were flexi­b­le hybrids; 8 hybrids were demanding to moisture supply during the process of crop formation. The sources of drought resistance were 5 hybrids out of 54 studied ones. An average positive correlation (r = 0.528) between yields under diffe­rent moisture conditions was established.

Probing the Impact of Prematurity on Segmentation Abilities in the Context of Bilingualism.

Infants born prematurely are at a high risk of developing linguistic deficits. In the current study, we compare how full-term and healthy preterm infants without neuro-sensorial impairments segment words from fluent speech, an ability crucial for lexical acquisition. While early word segmentation abilities have been found in monolingual infants, we test here whether it is also the case for French-dominant bilingual infants with varying non-dominant languages. These bilingual infants were tested on their ability to segment monosyllabic French words from French sentences at 6 months of (postnatal) age, an age at which both full-term and preterm monolinguals are able to segment these words. Our results establish the existence of segmentation skills in these infants, with no significant difference in performance between the two maturation groups. Correlation analyses failed to find effects of gestational age in the preterm group, as well as effects of the language dominance within the bilingual groups. These findings indicate that monosyllabic word segmentation, which has been found to emerge by 4 months in monolingual French-learning infants, is a robust ability acquired at an early age even in the context of bilingualism and prematurity. Future studies should further probe segmentation abilities in more extreme conditions, such as in bilinguals tested in their non-dominant language, in preterm infants with medical issues, or testing the segmentation of more complex word structures.

Productivity and grain quality of winter durum wheat of various maturity groups

The current paper has presented the results of environmental testing of winter durum wheat varieties in the conditions of the southern part of the Rostov region. The purpose of the study was to estimate productivity and grain quality of winter durum wheat varieties of various maturity groups. The objects of the study were 53 winter durum wheat varieties of various environmental origins of breeding, namely FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”, FSBSI RCG named after P. P. Lukiyanenko, FSBSI FRAC and other institutions. The variety ‘Kristella’ was used as a standard variety. According to the results of the study there was found that 22.6 % (12 pcs.) of winter durum wheat samples belonged to the middle-early maturity group with a heading stage starting on May 20–22; 49.1 % (26 pcs.) of samples belonged to the middle-maturing group (May 23–25); 28.3 % (15 pcs.) of samples belonged to middle-late maturing group (May 26–29). The maximum productivity for the study period (2020–2022) was identified among the samples of middle maturity group (8.40 t/ha). High quality indicators were formed by winter durum wheat varieties of the middle-early maturity group with 15.24 % of protein, 27.0 % of gluten, 38 ml of SDS-sedimentation, 567 Mkg/% of carotenoids. On average for three years, the samples of the middle maturity group (78 %; 777 g/l) have formed high kernel hardness and grain unit in the trial. During the correlation analysis, there have been obtained significant positive correlations in middle-early genotypes (with protein content (r = 0.95±0.04), gluten content (r = 0.94±0.04), kernel hardness (r = 0.48±0,12), SDS-sedimentation (r = 0.92±0.04), carotenoid content (r = 0.96±0.04)) and in middle-late genotypes (with kernel hardness (r = 0.41±0.13)). Among middle maturing samples there have been found no significant correlations.

Environmental testing of winter bread wheat varieties and lines in the conditions of the southern part of the Rostov region

The current study was carried out in 2019–2021 using the material and technical base of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, in order to research winter bread wheat samples of various ecological and geographical origin according to productivity and some economically valuable traits, to identify the most adapted of them for the conditions of the southern part of the Rostov region. The objects of the study were 17 winter bread wheat samples of ecological variety testing. The variety ‘Ermak’ was used as a standard. As a result of the study, there was found that the productivity of the samples (2019–2021) ranged from 7.75 (‘Etana’) to 9.52 t/ha (‘MV 15-04’). The standard variety ‘Ermak’ (8.20 t/ha) was exceeded by 9 samples ‘Akhmat’, ‘MONE’, ‘KIV – 6’, ‘Astarta’, ‘Slavna’, ‘Chornyava’, ‘XE 9710’, ‘MV 15-04’, ‘No. 71 CIMMYT’, the increase was from 0.45 to 1 .32 t/ha (0.42 t/ha with НСР05). According to ‘heading date’, the samples ‘KIV-6’, ‘Slavna’, ‘Chornyava’, ‘No. 71 CIMMYT’ (May 19–20) belonged to the middle-early maturing group; the samples ‘Akhmat’, ‘MONE’ (May 21–22) belonged to the middle-late maturing group; the samples Astarta, XE 9710, MV 15-04 (May 23–24) belonged to the late maturing group. According to ‘plant height’, the variation ranged from 81.5 cm (‘Akhmat’) to 100.3 cm (‘XE 9710’), the standard ‘Ermak’ had 99.5 cm. All studied samples belonged to a medium-large-grain-sized group (34.05–40.72 g) according to ‘1000-grain weight’. Through the years of study, the sample ‘No. 71 CIMMYT’ showed 0 points of powdery mildew resistance (defeat in the field). There have been identified the best septoria blight resistant samples ‘KIV-6’ (Russia) and ‘Astarta’ (Ukraine), with a damage degree of 5–10 %. The standard variety ‘Ermak’ had 30–40 %. As for yellow rust, the standard variety ‘Ermak’ was damaged on 50–60 %, the sample ‘No. 71 CIMMYT’ was damaged on 20–30 %; the sample ‘MONE’ on 5–10 %; the sample ‘KIV-6’ was damaged on 0–5 %; the remaining samples ‘Astarta’, ‘Slavna’, ‘Chornyava’, ‘XE 9710’ and ‘MV 15-04’ were resistant to this pathogen. According to the complex of economically valuable traits for practical breeding in the conditions of the south of the Rostov region, three winter bread wheat varieties ‘KIV-6’ (Russia), ‘Astarta’, ‘Slavna’ (Ukraine) have been of the greatest interest.

Weed Competition on Soybean Varieties from Different Relative Maturity Groups

One factor limiting the achievement of high yields in the soybean crop is weed interference. The level of weed interference can vary according to the specificities of the weed community but also due to the agronomic characteristics of the soybean varieties. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of weed interference on soybean varieties of different relative maturity groups (RMG). A field experiment was implemented in a randomized complete block design, in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme, with five replications. The treatments were composed of the varieties BMX Flecha® (RMG 6.6), BMX Power® (RMG 7.3), and BMX Bônus® (RMG 7.9), associated with the following four weed managements: weeding throughout the cycle; weeded up to 20 days after emergence (DAE); weeded after 20 DAE until the end of soybean cycle; not weeded throughout the entire cycle. There was no interaction between the effects of the varieties and the weed management for emergence speed index, plant height, chlorophyll, first pod height insertion, plant population, thousand-grain weight and yield. The initial weed management caused changes in the composition of the weed community. The managements weeded throughout the cycle and weeded up until 20 DAE provided higher levels of chlorophyll and grain yield. The management without weeding during the entire cycle negatively influenced yield components. Late interventions in weed control, regardless of the soybean variety, result in yield losses.

Agroecological еще testing of за promising potato до varieties of кто domestic selection он in the бы conditions of при the North что Caucasus region они

The studies evaluated 60 potato varieties of different maturation groups of domestic breeding in terms of productivity, quality indicators and immunity to various types of diseases. Varieties with high productivity potential and the most adaptive to the soil and climatic conditions of the North Caucasus region were identified. In the course of the research work, the following tasks were solved:&#x0D; According to the results of testing potato varieties in the conditions of the North Caucasus region, the most plastic varieties of domestic originators were identified, characterized by high yield indicators in relation to standard varieties. The yield level of more than 40 t/ ha exceeded the early varieties Meteor, Leader, Mayak, Sadon, Real. The high marketability of tubers was formed by early and mid-early varieties: Gulliver (93%), Warmas (92%), Sineglazka (92%), Samba (93%), Lukyanovsky (91%). The manifestation of macrosporiosis, on average for three years, ranged from 1.7 to 12.0%. During the growing season, the manifestation of alternariosis was up to 3.3%, the active development of late blight reached up to 50%. The most common of the viral diseases were mottled and wrinkled mosaics.

Influence of Recovery Time After Warm-up on Vertical Jump Performance in Trained Prepubertal and Postpubertal Male Athletes.

Ferrari, A, Baquet, G, Blazevich, AJ, and Ratel, S. Influence of recovery time after warm-up on vertical jump performance in trained prepubertal and postpubertal male athletes. J Strength Cond Res 37(10): 1985-1992, 2023-The aim of this study was to examine the concurrent effects of maturity status and recovery delay after a standardized dynamic warm-up on vertical jump performance. Thirteen prepubertal boys (9.4 ± 1.1 years) and 12 postpubertal boys (16.6 ± 0.8 years) were tested on squat jump (SJ) and drop jump from 30 cm (DJ 30 ) before and after a standardized, 8-minute, dynamic warm-up, including low-intensity, nonspecific dynamic exercises progressing to maximal, specific exercises, over 6 separate occasions. In each session, subjects jumped at 0, 1.5, 3, 5, 7, or 10 minutes after warm-up in a randomized order. Measurements included SJ height, DJ 30 height, ground contact time (GCT), and reactive strength index (RSI) from DJ 30 . The results revealed no significant recovery time × maturity group interaction effects for SJ height ( p = 0.36), DJ 30 height ( p = 0.45), GCT ( p = 0.75), or RSI ( p = 0.09), meaning that maturity status did not have a significant effect on changes in vertical jump performance after the warm-up. However, there were significant time effects for SJ height, DJ 30 height, and RSI ( p < 0.001 for all), with DJ 30 height and RSI increasing significantly by 16.9% at 1.5 minutes ( p < 0.001) and SJ height increasing significantly by 12.0% until 3 minutes after the warm-up ( p < 0.001). To conclude, the standardized dynamic warm-up had beneficial effects on vertical jump performance within the first 3 minutes after completion of the intervention. However, vertical jump performance after the warm-up was not dependent on the children's maturity status.

Evaluation of soybean germplasm for resistance to Fusarium virguliforme, the major pathogen causing sudden death syndrome of soybean in the United States

AbstractSudden death syndrome (SDS) is one of the most important yield limiting diseases of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. In North America, the most common causal species is Fusarium virguliforme O'Donnell &amp; T. Aoki. Yield losses of up to 80% have been reported. Host resistance is among the most sustainable tools to reduce SDS losses, and screening soybean accessions for sources of resistance is a fundamental part of discovering host resistance. This study evaluated 10,144 soybean plant introductions (PIs) in soybean maturity groups (MGs) 000 to X for resistance to F. virguliforme. Using a tiered testing sequence and a seedling‐layered inoculum method in the greenhouse, new sources of resistance were identified. In tier VI, 81 of 125 PIs evaluated had mean foliar severity that was equal to or significantly lower than that of the resistant check, PI 567374. In tier VII, 20 PIs with low foliar severity scores representing a range of MGs were further evaluated for foliar response, as well as “relative dry weights”—dry shoot and root weights expressed as a percentage of respective noninoculated plants. At 28 days after planting, 16 PIs had mean foliar severity ratings not significantly different from PI 567374; three of these PIs, 279081, 506757, and 507568, had significantly greater relative dry shoot, root, and total weight than PI 567374. The highly resistant entries reported here will be useful for further studies to understand the resistance mechanisms to F. virguliforme and for breeding programs focused on increasing SDS resistance in elite breeding lines.

The productive performance of soybean genotypes depends on the distribution of plants in the field

This study aims to evaluate the effect of the distribution of plants in the field on the productive performance of soybean genotypes. The test was developed in the field, in two agricultural crops, on a farm located in the District of Monte Bonito - Pelotas (RS, Brazil), in eutrophic haplic planosol soil, with geographic coordinates 31° 40' 27"S and 52°23' 28 "W. The experiment consisted of twelve treatments involving two factors: factor A - 3 soybean genotypes (NA 5909 RR (super early, growth indeterminate and maturation group A), NS 6006 IPRO (high grain weight, growth indeterminate and maturation group B 5.9), and NS 5959 IPRO (precocity, indeterminate growth and maturation group C) and factor B - 4 line spacing (0.17; 0.30; 0.45 and 0.60 meters). The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme (3x4) with four blocks. The plant population used was 330.000 plants ha-1. Five random plants plot, except for grain yield, were evaluated per plot. To evaluate the productive performance the main stem diameter, final plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, the weight of a thousand seeds, and yield were measured. Soybean plants better distributed in the cultivation area, in the spacing of 0,17 and 0,30 meters, have higher plant height, stem diameter, and productive performance. The genotypes of soybean performance are influenced by the distribution of plants, and this response depends on the genotype and the production environment