Subject Matter Research Articles

Cabbages, Crumble and Sky Talk: Environmental and Planetary Issues in Art – Aotearoa New Zealand

The article describes changed approaches to environmental art in the face of our changing environment. Susan Ballard’s Art and Nature in the Anthropocene: Planetary Aesthetics (2022) and Janine Randerson’s Weather as Medium: Toward a Meteorological Art (2018) propose that changed environmental conditions require, and are generating, new subject matter and new ways of making art. Their ideas are discussed in relation to an early example of public art, Barry Thomas’s Vacant Lot of Cabbages (1978), and works chosen from the oeuvre of Marilynn Webb (1937–2021), who saw her art as acts of spiritual and political protection of the land. The writing of Bridget Reweti in the recent exhibition catalogue Marilynn Webb: Folded in the Hills (2024) casts new light on Webb’s engagement with Māori understandings of the land.

Review of the new facts or new news contained in article 321 of the Chilean Civil Procedure Code

This paper aims to address the procedural figure of new facts or newly discovered events, recognized in some continental Procedure Codes. In this context, we will examine certain historical sources that influenced its modern legislative reception, intending to understand the institution’s meaning, which is usually studied from an evidentiary perspective, with Chilean Civil Procedural Law serving as an example. In contrast to the above, our manuscript will assert that the new facts or newly discovered events , contained in article 321 of the Chilean Código de Procedimiento Civil, operate as a legislative mechanism aimed at incorporating new factual background, expanding the subject matter of the trial, and breaking the fiction of immutability of the process derived from the general principle of the doctrine of lis pendens, which justifies the application of the institution to the Chilean labour process.

Development of a Hospice Perceptions Instrument for Diverse Patients and Families: Establishing Content and Face Validity.

For many, the perception of "hospice" is synonymous with "death." Even clinicians struggle to have conversations that distinguish between hospice and palliative care for fear that discussing hospice may diminish hope. To date, there are no existing measurement tools to evaluate patient and family perceptions of hospice care. This research aimed to develop a Hospice Perceptions Instrument (HPI) to capture these perceptions among diverse patients and families. Building on previous studies and literature, 79 potential items were drafted for the instrument. Our interprofessional team independently and collectively evaluated these, resulting in 36 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Overarching domains include (1) hospice philosophy and definitions; (2) hospice services; (3) values; and (4) counter-perceptions. Sixteen national subject matter experts from various professions and roles were invited to participate in the content-validity index and five hospice caregivers were invited to participate in face validity. Fourteen experts responded, with ten meeting inclusion criteria: one physician, four nurses, three social workers, and two chaplains. Six of the ten identified as Black. Three items were removed (I-CVI ranged from 0.5-06), and nine items were revised (I-CVI ranged from 0.6-07). The overall Content Validity Index (CVI) was 0.83, indicating excellent content validity. After revisions, five hospice caregivers assessed face validity and no changes were made based on feedback. Results reveal a disconnect between professional expertise and patient/family voices related to hospice perceptions. Development of this instrument invites a better understanding of perceptions leading to new opportunities for patient/family engagement.

Trust Us—We Are the (COVID-19 Misinformation) Experts: A Critical Scoping Review of Expert Meanings of “Misinformation” in the Covid Era

Since the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic, prominent social actors and institutions have warned about the threat of misinformation, calling for policy action to address it. However, neither the premises underlying expert claims nor the standards to separate truth from falsehood have been appraised. We conducted a scoping review of the medical and social scientific literature, informed by a critical policy analysis approach, examining what this literature means by misinformation. We searched academic databases and refereed publications, selecting a total of 68 articles for review. Two researchers independently charted the data. Our most salient finding was that verifiability relied largely on the claims of epistemic authorities, albeit only those vetted by the establishment, to the exclusion of independent evidentiary standards or heterodox perspectives. Further, “epistemic authority” did not depend necessarily on subject matter expertise, but largely on a new type of “expertise”: in misinformation itself. Finally, policy solutions to the alleged threat that misinformation poses to democracy and human rights called for suppressing unverified information and debate unmanaged by establishment approved experts, in the name of protecting democracy and rights, contrary to democratic practice and respect for human rights. Notably, we identified no pockets of resistance to these dominant meanings and uses. We assessed the implications of our findings for democratic public policy, and for fundamental rights and freedoms.

Co-creating a Data Asset Inventory for Equity-Oriented Research

BackgroundData asset inventories (DAI) are invaluable resources providing high-level information about datasets, including name, region, purpose, scope, and contents. An effective DAI improves understanding about what data exists, how they can be used, and where they may be limited. Strategies for integrating principles of inclusion, diversity, equity, and accessibility (IDEA) into DAIs are not widely available, which inhibits efforts to improve existing data infrastructure’s capacity for equity-oriented research. ApproachHealth Data Research Network Canada (HDRN) is a pan-Canadian network that works collaboratively to enable innovative multi-regional research that can improve health and health equity. Central to HDRN’s mandate is strengthening researcher capacity to apply IDEA principles within their research. Within this scope of work, we convened a multi-disciplinary team of computer scientists, data experts, and IDEA specialists to build a DAI of Canadian health and social data using de-stigmatizing language. Through discussion the team identified key data categories and co-created definitions. Data sets were annotated accordingly. ResultsDiscussions highlighted disciplinary differences in understandings of IDEA and its relevance to DAIs. Overcoming these differences required IDEA specialists to be both subject matter experts and advocates. Project delays occurred due to the additional time needed for education. Productive conflict resulted in consensus-building to establish respectful and inclusive terms to describe data. DiscussionEmbedding IDEA within health data infrastructure requires a lens that may not be associated with one’s training. Developing that lens within a project is possible but requires additional time and effort. These components must be factored into project planning.

Literature-based database to inform policy making on marine plastic pollution in ASEAN+3

The ASEAN+3 countries urgently need to present actual data on the state of their marine plastics pollution, so that they can respond to the criticisms of being the top-5 global sources of marine plastics based on modeled predictions, as well as to develop effective response policies based on sound data. While the research outputs on marine plastic pollution have increased spectacularly across these countries, their overall resource capacity to access the data remains lacking. This study describes a robust framework developed to use >700 peer-reviewed research publications from the region that can inform policy-making. First, detailed metadata fields were developed for this database focused on extracting information from the publications that are relevant to regional policy questions being asked to adequately respond to the threats posed by marine plastics. Second, the curation of research publications in this database greatly depended on a team of regional researchers, who were apt in the subject matter and a native language speaker. The latter was critical in the capture of non-English articles to boost the quality of database. Some of the key findings from the broad analyses included the rapid increase in research efforts on marine plastics between 2014 and 2021, which coincided with the growing concerns of this environmental crisis, the dominant publication language was English despite the diversity of countries, and the dominant research topic appeared to be of policy response measures. Overall, the database produced adequate and immediate data, where policy-makers can leverage for urgent actions. For example, the output on the status of marine plastic pollution is ever-increasing, but the region could start to focus on knowledge gaps (e.g., sampling in critical sensitive habitats like seagrasses and coral reefs). Finally, this study presented a comprehensive summary of the current state of marine plastic pollution and knowledge gaps (e.g., technical capacity and equipment) of the region that can facilitate discussions among target audience including the governments as well as international and regional regulating bodies, the research community and plastic waste management professionals.

Election Interference and Online Propaganda Campaigns: Dynamic Interdependencies on Facebook, Google Trends, and the New York Times

The relationship between propaganda campaigns, news outlets, and search patterns is of significant interest to political authorities and academic scholars from various disciplines. We explore these dynamic relationships using 3,500 Facebook propaganda advertisements, 167,000 New York Times stories, and hundreds of Google Trends searches for terms from the advertisements and articles in the two years preceding the 2016 US presidential election. The data indicate that propaganda campaigns utilize random content infrequently and instead follow specific Google search patterns. Depending on the subject matter, Facebook advertisements can anticipate the New York Times. In the contexts of immigration, racism, and the LGBT community, such patterns of content adaptation are more prominent. We use the results to provide policy and research recommendations.

Application and Impact of Constructivism in Learning: A Tertiary Study

<p><em>The application of constructivist theories in literature reviews, particularly at the tertiary level, remains largely unexplored. This study aims to identify relevant literature reviews, what are their methodological features, and what are their objectives and subject matter regarding the application and impact of constructivism in learning. The method used in this tertiary study is systematic review. The purpose of the systematic review in this tertiary study research is to provide a careful summary of all available secondary research (literature review) in answering the research questions. In this study, researchers collected journal articles from Google Scholar, Eric, Science Direct, and Scopus online published in the period of 2014 to 2023. Based on the results of the collection and selection of articles by the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 articles were obtained. The article consists of 6 types of reviews, from 9 countries published in 15 Scopus and Sinta indexed journals. The results of this review show that the application of constructivism is carried out in learning activities in multi-disciplines. The impact of the application of constructivism is to improve learning outcomes, academic achievement, learning attitudes, and the effectiveness of learning activities.</em><em></em></p>

Do Healthcare Institutions Have Consciences and a Resultant Ethical Right to Institutional Conscientious Objection?

In healthcare, Institutional Conscientious Objection (ICO) occurs when a healthcare institution (e.g., a hospital) refuses to provide a healthcare service (e.g., abortion) on the grounds that this service contradicts its conscience. Debate rages over whether governments should allow ICO in healthcare. Currently, some do, and some don’t. Among other reasons, the debate matters because ICO can have dramatic effects on patients’ ability to access healthcare services. The debate encompasses many topics, but this paper focuses on the arguments regarding institutional conscience. This topic matters because it is legally important in many countries, and because it is central to the ICO debate; both pro-ICO arguments and anti-ICO arguments are often built on claims about the existence or nonexistence of institutional conscience, respectively. This paper’s overarching question is as follows: do healthcare institutions have consciences and a resultant ethical right to ICO? I answer this question by separating it into two sub-questions. The first is as follows: do healthcare institutions have consciences? I argue no. What I add to the literature here is in-depth critical analysis of the debates over what is necessary to satisfy the criteria for conscience, and I bring in lessons from the philosophy of group agency. Unlike the vast majority of ICO opponents, I charitably engage with the best and most recent arguments for institutional conscience (in particular, work by Xavier Symons and Reginald Mary Chua). The second question is as follows: if healthcare institutions do have consciences, does it follow that they thereby have an ethical right to ICO? Again, I argue no. I answer this question via a highly novel and highly systematic approach, which involves precisely conceptually dissecting healthcare institutions, and I bring in lessons from the philosophy of group rights.

Insulin injection rotation and Diabetes Mellitus nutritional management education

The management of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) involves implementing a healthy lifestyle and pharmacological interventions through the administration of anti-hyperglycemia drugs. An essential aspect of treating DM patients is insulin administration, which facilitates glucose transportation into cells. This study evaluated the effectiveness of insulin injection rotation and nutritional management education for DM.The literature search utilized the keywords "education,"AND "insulin injection," AND "nutritional management," AND "DM", ranged 2021-2023 Searches were conducted on various databases, including Proquest, NCBI, BMC, ScienceDirect, and other relevant platforms such as Google Scholar.Ten journal articles pertinent to the subject matter were identified in the study. Findings indicate that nutritional education facilitates overall health improvement in individuals with DM, contributing to maintaining average body weight and near-normal blood glucose levels. It also enhances lipid profile and insulin receptor sensitivity while being a preventive measure against acute or chronic complications such as hyperglycemia. It is noted that selecting the appropriate injection site can significantly impact patients' blood glucose levels. While it is recommended to administer injections at consistent locations, repetitive use of the same site may pose risks of side effects, such as lipodystrophy.After conducting a comprehensive review of ten journal articles, it has been concluded that insulin injection rotation and nutritional management education are effective for managing DM.

Arbitrability of cryptocurrency disputes in India

Abstract Over the past decade, the growth of cryptocurrencies has amazed policymakers worldwide, prompting governments, international organizations, and corporations to address the increasing financial activity in this unregulated and decentralized industry. The murmurs of crypto disputes accelerated after the dramatic collapse of the crypto-trading platform Binance on the day Bitcoin was valued very low, leading to huge losses for its investors. This incident has led to discussions about the potential of using a private forum, such as arbitration, to resolve conflicts in the crypto world. However, adopting arbitration in cryptocurrency disputes raises complex questions, such as whether or not cryptocurrency disputes can be settled by arbitration. This article explores the issue of arbitrability of cryptocurrency-related disputes in India, particularly those related to payment and security tokens. Before discussing the issue of arbitrability, the article will first provide an overview of Indian law on cryptocurrencies, including their validity and regulation. Based on this legal background, it will examine the scope of arbitrability under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act of 1996, focusing on the subject matter in dispute and the public policy test.

Additives Improving the Efficiency of Biogas Production as an Alternative Energy Source—A Review

Additives for anaerobic digestion (AD) can play a significant role in optimizing the process by increasing biogas production, stabilizing the system, and improving digestate quality. The role of additives largely boils down to, among others, enhancing direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) between microbial communities, resulting in improved syntrophic interactions, adsorption of toxic substances that may inhibit microbial activity, improving microbial activity, and increasing process stability and accelerating the decomposition of complex organic materials, thereby increasing the rate of hydrolysis. Through the aforementioned action, additives can significantly affect AD performance. The function of these materials varies, from enhancing microbial activity to maintaining optimal conditions and protecting the system from inhibitors. The choice of additives should be carefully tailored to the specific needs and conditions of the digester to maximize benefits and ensure sustainability. In light of these considerations, this paper characterizes the most commonly used additives and their combinations based on a comprehensive review of recent scientific publications, including a report on the results of conducted studies. The publication features chapters that describe carbon-based conductive materials, metal oxide nanomaterials, trace metal, and biological additives, including enzymes and microorganisms. It concludes with the chapters summarising reports on various additives and discussing their functional properties, as well as advantages and disadvantages. The presented review is a substantive and concise analysis of the latest knowledge on additives for the AD process. The application of additives in AD is characterized by great potential; hence, the subject matter is very current and future-oriented.

User-Centered Design in the Face of Limited User Access

Time with users is a precious commodity that has become increasingly difficult to come by, making it difficult to always employ traditional user study methods. Such methods also run into challenges in sensitive industries, where it is not always possible to openly engage with end-users. These barriers jeopardize good design, and limited user access seeds temptation to bypass user engagement altogether. The primary goal of this work is to share techniques and lessons learned for successful user engagement in the face of limited access to end-users. Three methods are presented here, usage of subject matter experts (SMEs), analogous use cases, and surrogate users, along with key successes and challenges for each. The lessons, limitations, and suggestions presented here reflect work performed across multiple projects over the past several years, where we have utilized combinations of these techniques for conducting user-centered design in the absence of regular direct user engagement.

Towards the Adoption of A Novel More Integral Model for Teaching Entrepreneurship in Higher Education Institutions

The “Radiography of the Teaching of University Entrepreneurship in Mexico” is situated within the context of the necessity to comprehend and enhance the pedagogical practices associated with entrepreneurship in Mexican universities. This context encompasses a global examination of entrepreneurship and its prevailing trends, as well as a detailed analysis of the entrepreneurial landscape in Mexico. The principal objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive examination of the pedagogical approaches employed in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Mexico with regard to the teaching of entrepreneurship. The objective is to establish a unified approach to entrepreneurship teaching, identify the most effective pedagogical tools for fostering an entrepreneurial mindset, and disseminate the requisite technical knowledge among educators to facilitate their integration into the classroom. The methodology employed begins with a review of secondary sources to provide a detailed overview of the global and Mexican entrepreneurship landscapes, as well as the current state of entrepreneurship education in higher education institutions (HEIs). In conclusion, the Delphi technique is employed to conduct interviews with experts directly involved in the teaching of entrepreneurship in various HEIs, with the objective of collecting and synthesizing their opinions on the subject matter. The research yielded a “Teaching Model of Entrepreneurship in the University,” which is based on the identified approaches, models, and methodologies. The teacher plays a pivotal role in the teaching of entrepreneurship in higher education institutions (HEIs). The findings indicate that in Mexico, the probability of success or opportunity for entrepreneurs is significantly influenced by the material conditions of the individual, which are shaped by their social stratum and geographical location. Furthermore, data indicates that all HEIs endeavor to impart instruction on entrepreneurship. However, due to significant disparities between private and public institutions, smaller or more remote ones may lack the capacity and resources to do so effectively. Therefore, this results in heterogeneity in the teaching of entrepreneurship, which could condition the chances of success for those wishing to become entrepreneurs. Consequently, the necessity was identified for all entrepreneurship teachers in HEIs in Mexico to be able to achieve a robust and comprehensive process of teaching entrepreneurship, whereby students can develop their entrepreneurial skills at an early stage, as well as the creation of companies at a later stage.

Forced Adoption of Innovations: The Case of Consumer Behavior with Food Warning Labels in Mexico

On March 27, 2020, an amendment to the Official Mexican Standard NOM-051 was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation. The amendment addresses general labeling specifications for food and non-alcoholic beverages. The new regulation introduces three significant changes, which came into force on October 1, 2020. These are warning labeling, nutrient profile, and persuasive elements on the packaging. This study assesses the impact of the regulation on the consumer at three levels: the extent to which consumers understand the five labels, their perception of the image of the product categories and companies, and the potential for shifts in consumption patterns. Similar regulations have been implemented in some other Latin American countries, such as Chile and Ecuador, but the results thus far are inconclusive concerning the actual impact of a long-term change in consumer behavior. With respect to studies conducted in Mexico, this research represents a pioneering investigation into the subject matter. A survey comprising 14 questions was administered, to elucidate the respondents' perceptions and attitudes. The survey was conducted online through convenience sampling with the Google Forms tool. The study was conducted on a sample of 210 individuals, comprising both male and female participants aged 18 and above, who were consumers of mass-produced products that were subject to the provisions of NOM-051. The findings indicate that the majority of respondents lacked clarity regarding the significance of the five black labels on the packaging. Furthermore, the new regulation did not exert a considerable influence on their consumption of processed foods and non-alcoholic beverages. It is anticipated that this research will serve as a reference for companies, government entities, marketing professionals, academics, and all those with an interest in the subject, given that it demonstrates notable findings in several aspects of the regulation's implementation, slightly over a year after its enactment, and the consequences it has had on Mexican consumers and their consumption habits.

Optimalisasi Pembelajaran di Desa Wungurejo melalui Program Pendampingan Pendidikan oleh Mahasiswa KKN Posko 50

This study evaluates the educational assistance program carried out by KKN Post 50 students from UIN Walisongo Semarang in Wungurejo Village, Kendal, with the aim of improving the quality of education and children's learning motivation. This program includes various activities such as KKN Teaching, Scholar Village, and KKN Edu-Competition, which adopts the Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) method to encourage active interaction between students and the community. Despite the challenges of equal distribution of participants, activities such as calligraphy and smart learning succeeded in attracting the interest of children, who felt that it was helpful in understanding the subject matter and was more motivated to learn. Positive responses from parents and teachers show that the presence of KKN students contributes to overcoming the shortage of educators and increasing children's enthusiasm for learning. The results of the evaluation show that this activity is effective and has a positive impact, and it is hoped that it can continue to be developed to improve the quality of education in the village.

Competencies required by sonographers teaching ultrasound interprofessionally: a Delphi consensus study

BackgroundClinicians from multiple professional backgrounds are increasingly using point-of-care ultrasound in clinical practice. Performing ultrasound is a complex skill, and training is required to ensure competency and patient safety. There is a lack of skilled trainers within health professions to meet this increasing educational demand. The role of sonographers in educating other health professionals in point-of-care ultrasound has not yet been well defined. Sonographers can provide ultrasound education interprofessionally, if equipped with appropriate clinical knowledge and educational skills.MethodsA Delphi consensus study was conducted to define the knowledge, skills and attributes required of sonographers teaching point-of-care ultrasound to other health professionals in Australia and New Zealand. Health professionals with subject matter expertise in the leadership, facilitation, and delivery of ultrasound education by sonographers were invited to participate.ResultsThere were 72 expert participants in survey round one, and 49 in round two. Participants included physicians, sonographers, and other health professionals. Consensus was reached on 31 competency items for sonographers teaching ultrasound interprofessionally, with agreement of greater than 94% reached by participants.ConclusionsThis consensus study has defined the knowledge, skills and attitudes required for sonographer competence in point-of-care ultrasound education. This is an important step to developing a training pathway for sonographers engaging in this emerging area.

Various Approaches used by Researchers in the Fields of Business, Management, and Accounting in Treating Intellectual Capital

This research aims to discuss how intellectual capital issues are treated in accounting research. This study answered research questions through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 367 peer-reviewed articles in Business Management and Accounting (BMA). A detailed search was done using the publish or perish version 8 search engine. It selected the Scopus database through the “intellectual capital” keyword. The database was filtered to articles published from 2017–2021. This study selected samples using several criteria. First, the article titles should be related to intellectual capital. After that, the article is published in a peer-reviewed journal that is not discontinued. Finally, the subject matter is BMA. Most research on intellectual capital placed this topic as an independent variable at 44.14% of the total articles. Some others used it as a systematic review (21.25%), a dependent variable (13.08%), an intervening/mediating variable (7.08%), and a moderating variable (0.27%). Meanwhile, the rest employed intellectual capital as descriptive research without conducting any testing. This research is the first to map how intellectual capital is treated in accounting research.

Is blue light solely detrimental for human eyes?

It has long been assumed that blue light is solely detrimental to the eyes and that it is a serious risk factor for a number of ocular diseases. In order to gain a more nuanced comprehension of the impact of blue light on the eye and to ascertain whether there are any beneficial aspects to this influence, this article presents a synthesis of the relevant research and offers updates on the current understanding of the subject matter. The review encompasses the environmental and societal changes that result in increased light exposure, the working principle and reasons for the prevalence of light-emitting diodes, and the safety classification of artificial light sources. Subsequently, we present the impact of blue light on ocular growth and the known mechanisms by which blue light affects different areas of the eye, including the cornea, conjunctiva, lens and retina. Finally, we discuss the validity of blue-blocking lenses and review other recommended strategies aimed at minimising the negative effects of blue light exposure.

Analisa Penempatan Program Keahlian dan Praktek Kerja Industri Terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Siswa Kelas XII Di SMK Negeri 6 Kota Jambi

This research aims to understand and knowledge about the analysis of skills program placement and Industrial Work Practices (Internship) on student work readiness at SMK Negeri 6 Jambi City. The research method used in this research is a qualitative method using descriptive analysis techniques. The research results show that evaluation of learning during Prakerin can contribute and provide additional information for the development of vocational school skills programs, expanding subject matter, increasing students' interests and talents, as well as their future readiness in entering the real world of work.