Matter-element Extension Model Research Articles

Comprehensive Identification of Surface Subsidence Evaluation Grades of Mines in Southwest China

Due to their complex geological structure, it is difficult to systematically analyze the surface subsidence of coal mines in southwest China, and the factors that cause surface subsidence are also different from other coal mines. Focusing on the problem of surface subsidence caused by mining in southwest China’s mines, a grade evaluation system for surface subsidence of southwest mines is constructed based on the analytic hierarchy process, and ten evaluation indicators are established from the perspectives of mining disturbance and geological structure. A matter–element model of surface subsidence based on matter–element extension theory and a cloud model of surface subsidence based on cloud theory are then constructed. A coal mine in Anshun, Guizhou, is taken as an example to calculate the evaluation level of surface subsidence and thus verify the scientificity of extension theory and cloud theory. The results show that the main factors that affect the surface subsidence of southwest mines are the number of coal seam layers, mining height and comprehensive Platt hardness of rock, similar to that of northern plain coal mines. Surface slope and subsidence area are also very important. The comprehensive correlation degree of each grade of the coal mine is −0.29836, 0.192232, −0.1093 and −0.46531, and the coal mine is concluded to be in grade 2. The calculated similarity of the overall index evaluation cloud map of the coal mine and each grade is 0, 0.3453, 0.7872 and 0, respectively. The coal mine is in grade 2, which is a relatively safe state. Consistent with the calculation results of the extension model and in line with the field situation, the extension matter–element model and cloud model built in this paper can verify each other and have a certain scientificity.

Groundwater hydrogeochemical characterization and quality assessment based on integrated weight matter-element extension analysis in Ningxia, upper Yellow River, northwest China

• Groundwater chemistry and quality were analyzed in the Ningxia region. • NO 3 − , NH 4 + and NO 2 − are related to human pollution. • Water quality was assessed using an integrated weight matter-element extension model. • High health risks of F − , NO 3 − , NH 4 + , and NO 2 − were found, especially for children. Assessing groundwater quality and identifying pollutant risks are essential for managing groundwater resources in arid and semi-arid regions. An analysis of the hydrochemical characteristics, controlling factors, and pollutant characteristics of the groundwater in the upper Yellow River region is presented to understand the overall groundwater quality and identify the risk to human health in this region. Traditional hydrochemical analysis methods, integrated weight matter-element extension analysis, and health risk models were used in this study. A total of 210 groundwater samples were collected from the wells for physical and chemical analyses. Results showed that groundwater in the study area was weakly alkaline, with the predominant hydrochemical types of groundwater being SO 4 ·Cl-Ca·Mg, SO 4 ·Cl-Na, and HCO 3 -Ca·Mg. The hydrochemical composition of the groundwater is controlled by rock dominance, evaporation dominance, and cation exchange. Nitrogen pollution of groundwater is caused by industrial activities and fertilizers; fluorine pollution is caused by fluorite dissolution. To reasonably evaluate the groundwater quality, the groundwater evaluation method based on an integrated weight matter-element extension analysis was optimized. The method effectively avoids defects of G1 and entropy weight methods in determining weights and thoroughly considers the fuzziness and uncertainty of the water quality grade. The overall quality groundwater assessment results showed that 96.19% of the overall water quality in the study area was good and could be used in many ways. Land irrigated with groundwater is mainly exposed to salinity hazards. Health risk assessment results showed that 57% and 21% of the samples posed unacceptable health risks to children and adults, respectively. Therefore, more attention should be paid to real-time, continual monitoring of pollutants in groundwater management. The results help decision makers make wise decisions on identifying groundwater purposes to avoid further water quality deterioration and increase in pollutants, ensuring the cleanliness of groundwater resources in the upper Yellow River..

Recommendations for Refined Preventive Maintenance Management of Concrete Bridges in China Based on Environmental Risk Zoning

Service environment has an important influence on the durability of concrete bridges. Environmental factors are often considered in the design stage, however, they tend to be ignored in the process of maintenance management. It is of great significance in prolonging the service life of a bridge to pay attention to the influence of the environment on the deterioration of the bridge during the preventive maintenance process. Concrete carbonation, chloride ion corrosion, sulfate corrosion, concrete cracking, concrete abrasion, and freeze–thaw damage are the main causes of decline of bridge durability. Based on these six kinds of distress, indexes of environmental zoning are proposed. For this purpose, variable weight theory is introduced into the matter-element extension model, and the comprehensive environmental risk values of various regions are calculated. The environmental risk zoning map of the concrete bridge’s location is then drawn using data visualization software (Tubiaoxiu). These maps show that the east, south, and southwest of China are the most high-risk areas for the deterioration of concrete bridges, and the validity of the results is proved by the distribution of collected bridge collapse accidents. Through the environmental risk zoning map, managers can intuitively grasp the degree of environmental risk in each region in real time. This approach could help bridge management department to implement differential management of concrete bridges in different regions, adjust bridge maintenance intervals dynamically, predict the state of bridges scientifically, and realize refined preventive maintenance management.

Research and Evaluation on Safety Critical Information of Road Tanker for Dangerous Liquid Goods Based on Multi-source Data

Due to the flammable and explosive characteristics of dangerous goods and the complex road transportation environment, there are many safety risks in the road transportation of dangerous goods. Road tanker for dangerous liquid goods(Hereinafter referred to as "vehicles" unless otherwise specified) is one of the typical vehicles for road transportation of dangerous goods. In order to improve the intrinsic safety level of vehicles, this paper analyzes the basic data information of liquid dangerous goods tank vehicles on several existing related system platforms. According to the cause mechanism of the accident, combined with the analysis of vehicle accidents, eight influencing factors of vehicle accidents focusing on the intrinsic safety of vehicles are proposed, and the critical information of vehicle safety is constructed.Taking these critical safety information as evaluation indexes, a vehicle safety risk evaluation model is established based on the Extension matter-element model. Finally, it is applied in practice.

Evaluation research on water resources carrying capacity based on improved matter-element extension model

Evaluation research on water resources carrying capacity based on improved matter-element extension model

Collaborative Innovation Mechanism of Water Pollution Control Industry Chain Based on Complex Scientific Management

In the process of collaborative innovation of water pollution control industry chain, there are some problems, such as chain break and lack of chain, which lead to poor effect of water pollution collaborative governance and low economic benefits. Therefore, this paper proposes a research method of collaborative innovation mechanism of water pollution treatment industry chain based on complex scientific management. In view of the problems existing in the current industrial chain of water pollution control, the collaborative economic model and matter‐element extension model of the industrial chain of water pollution treatment are constructed to improve the synergy effect of each link in the industrial chain and solve the contradictions of each link in the coordination process, so as to provide guarantee for the collaborative innovation of the industrial chain of water pollution control. The experimental results show that the proposed method can bring high economic benefits in the stage of source emission reduction, process interruption, and end treatment, and the water pollution treatment effect is good, which fully verifies the practical application effect of the method. After using the design method to purify, the maximum purification rate reaches more than 80%, and the purification effect reaches class v. The effect is remarkable, which has practical application value.

Solving interval many-objective optimization problems by combination of NSGA-III and a local fruit fly optimization algorithm

Interval many-objective optimization problems (IMaOPS) are ubiquitous in practical applications. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the solving method for IMaOPS. However, there are fewer solving methods due to the uncertain interval of the objective function. In this paper, an improved NSGA-III algorithm (named LFOA-NSGA-III) is proposed to effectively solve these problems. Due to the uncertain interval in the IMaOPs, the original NSGA-III algorithm can ineffectively evaluate the relationship between the interval solution set and the reference point. So the matter-element extension model is introduced, which can make the optimized solution set close to the Pareto optimal solution. Furthermore, in order to improve the optimization performance and population diversity of the improved algorithm, the K-mean algorithm is used to solve the initial solution set, as well as a local fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) is combined with the genetic algorithm (GA). Finally, the LFOA-NSGA-III algorithm is empirically evaluated on eleven interval benchmark test problems and an unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) path planning problem. Through simulation comparisons with other different algorithms, it is concluded that the hyper-volume value, the imprecision value and the IGD value indicators are significantly better than other comparison algorithms. In addition, from a simulation experiment in application of the multi-UAVs path planning problem, it can be seen that the LFOA-NSGA-III algorithm is more effective and applicative in the IMaOPs.

Variable Weight Matter–Element Extension Model for the Stability Classification of Slope Rock Mass

The slope stability in an open-pit mine is closely related to the production safety and economic benefit of the mine. As a result of the increase in the number and scale of mine slopes, slope instability is frequently encountered in mines. Therefore, it is of scientific and social significance to strengthen the study of the stability of the slope rock mass. To accurately classify the stability of the slope rock mass in an open-pit mine, a new stability evaluation model of the slope rock mass was established based on variable weight and matter–element extension theory. First, based on the main evaluation indexes of geology, the environment, and engineering, the stability evaluation index system of the slope rock mass was constructed using the corresponding classification criteria of the evaluation index. Second, the constant weight of the evaluation index value was calculated using extremum entropy theory, and variable weight theory was used to optimize the constant weight to obtain the variable weight of the evaluation index value. Based on matter–element extension theory, the comprehensive correlation between the upper and lower limit indexes in the classification criteria and each classification was calculated, in addition to the comprehensive correlation between the rock mass indexes and the stability grade of each slope. Finally, the grade variable method was used to calculate the grade variable interval corresponding to the classification criteria of the evaluation index and the grade variable value of each slope rock mass, so as to determine the stability grade of the slope rock. The comparison results showed that the classification results of the proposed model are in line with engineering practice, and more accurate than those of the hierarchical-extension model and the multi-level unascertained measure-set pair analysis model.

Soil Salinization Level Monitoring and Classifying by Mixed Chaotic Systems

Soil salinization process is a complex non-linear dynamic evolution. To classify a system with this type of non-linear characteristic, this study proposed a mixed master/slave chaotic system based on Chua’s circuit and a fractional-order Chen-Lee chaotic system to classify soil salinization level. The subject is the soil in Xinjiang with different levels of human interference. A fractional-order Chen-Lee chaotic system was constructed, and the spectral signal processed by the Chua’s non-linear circuit was substituted into the master/slave chaotic system. The chaotic dynamic errors with different fractional orders were calculated. The comparative analysis showed that 0.1-order has the largest chaotic dynamic error change, which produced two distinct and divergent results. Thus, this study converted the chaotic dynamic errors of fractional 0.1-order into chaotic attractors to build an extension matter-element model. Finally, we compared the soil salt contents (SSC) from the laboratory chemical analysis with the results of the extension theory classification. The comparison showed that the combination of fractional order mixed master/slave chaotic system and extension theory has high classification accuracy for soil salinization level. The results of this system match the result of the chemical analysis. The classification accuracy of the calibration set data was 100%, and the classification accuracy of the validation set data was 90%. This method is the first use of the mixed master/slave chaotic system in this field and can satisfy certain soil salinization monitoring needs as well as promote the application of the chaotic system in soil salinization monitoring.

Environmental risk evaluation of overseas mining investment based on game theory and an extension matter element model

Taking into account the limitations of the single weighting method presently used for the environmental risk evaluation of overseas mining investment, an improved extension evaluation method based on game theory was developed. The method was then applied to real data from the Philippines and used to establish the congener element object and classical domain of the environmental risk of mining investment in the Philippines, based on extension matter element theory. The optimal index weights, based on a balance of subjective and objective results, were obtained from game theory, the analytic hierarchy process, and entropy weight theory. This enabled calculation of the association function values of evaluation indexes in the Philippines and the environmental risk level of overseas mining investment. Finally, given the weighting and association function values, the environmental risk level of mining investment in the Philippines was determined to be level II (higher risk). These results show that the proposed model is effective for evaluating the environmental risk of overseas mining investment.

Risk Assessment of Wind Swing Flashover of Transmission Lines Based on Matter-Element Extension Model

In extreme weather, the line trip-out events caused by the wind swing of the transmission line occur frequently, severely affecting the normal operation of the power system. Since the structure of the operating transmission line is difficult to be improved, wind swing flashover risk assessment is of great significance for the operating transmission lines. In this paper, a transmission line wind swing flashover risk assessment model based on the matter-element extension model is proposed. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method are applied to comprehensively calculate the weight value of the selected assessment index. This model can assess the early warning level of a certain tower unit in the transmission line. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed assessment model are verified by practical examples.

Repairability Evaluation of Retired Hot Forging Die Based on Matter-Element Extension Model

Hot forging die is one of the important tools for machining. Because of its bad working environment, it is prone to lose its effect. Repairing the retired hot forging die can reduce the production cost and prolong the service life of the die, which has good economic benefits. In view of the complexity and uncertainty of hot forging die repair process, and the complexity and uncertainty of hot forging die repair process, this paper constructed the evaluation indexes of technical feasibility, economic feasibility, environmental feasibility, life-span feasibility and time-effectiveness feasibility, and comprehensively uses AHP and matter-element extension model to evaluate the repairability of retired hot forging dies. The rationality of this method was verified by the repairability evaluation of the hot forging die of a retired automobile steering knuckle.

A comprehensive evaluation framework for China’s oil import sustainability with a projection pursuit and matter-element extension model

ABSTRACT Given the serious imbalance between supply and demand for domestic oil resources, it is essential to accurately identify and measure the potential problems associated with oil imports to mitigate the negative influence of oil import uncertainty on China’s energy security. This paper designs a comprehensive assessment index framework based on the dimensions of the supply chain and establishes an integrated model to evaluate the sustainability of China’s oil imports from 2000 to 2017. The results show that since 2000, China’s oil import sustainability has experienced apparent dynamic changes from a critical state to strong unsustainability and then weak unsustainability. External dependence remains the most significant threat, and high dependence on oil imports is the root cause. External supply sustainability may become the main long-term risk source in the future. Recommendations for improvements in oil import sustainability are proposed considering the less optimistic future trend.

Using the Matter-Element Extension Model to Assess Heavy Metal Pollution in Topsoil in Parks in the Main District Park of Lanzhou City

The UNMIX model was used to analyze the source of heavy metals found to be present in the topsoil of parks in the main district of Lanzhou City. The Hakanson toxicity response coefficient was used concurrently to modify the traditional weights in the model, and the matter-element extension model was used to evaluate heavy metal pollution. The results of the evaluation were compared with the comprehensive pollution index (PN) and potential ecological risk index (RI). The results were as follows. ①The average heavy metal content in the topsoil at each sampling point was higher than that of the background value of soil in Lanzhou, with the proportion of Ni, Cu, and Co being 100% while the proportion of Cr, V, Pb, and As contents were 58.82%, 14.71%, 20.59%, and 2.94%, respectively. ② The results of source analysis showed that there were three major sources of heavy metal pollution in the topsoil of the parks in the study area. Source 1 is construction pollution, which contributes 56% of the Co present. Source 2 is traffic pollution, which contributes 44% and 52% of Cu and Pb, respectively. Source 3 is natural, and contributes 62%, 60%, 56%, and 56% of V, Cr, Ni, and As, respectively. Thus, this research showed that natural sources are predominant. ③ The weight correction effect for each heavy metal was significant; there was an approximately 44% reduction in both Cr and V, while the corrected weights of Ni, Cu, Pb, As, and Co increased in the order Co < Pb < Cu < Ni < As compared with the conventional weights. The most obvious change in weight was that of As, which increased by approximately 188%. ④ The results of the evaluation using the matter-element model showed that the state of 46% of the topsoil in the parks in the study area was grade Ⅴ (severely polluted), while 41% was grade Ⅳ (moderately polluted) and 3% was grade Ⅲ (lightly polluted); Co was the main pollutant. The results of the model evaluation were roughly the same as of from the PN and RI, indicating that the matter-element extension model can be used to evaluate heavy metal pollution in soil and the evaluation results are accurate and objective.

Study on river health assessment based on a fuzzy matter-element extension model

In order to facilitate watershed management, we developed an expansive river health assessment method based on a fuzzy matter-element extension model in this study that developed based on the transitive hierarchies and degree of membership from improved fuzzy optimization theory. Eight characteristics of river flow, namely, the morphology, flow, water quality, river habitat, aquatic organisms, riparian zone, flood control safety, and level of the water supply, were investigated in this study to establish a system of indices to assess river health. We apply the above method to a river health assessment in the Luanhe River as sub-healthy. The results show that the method is accurate for the river health assessment compared with the actual conditions in Luanhe river. Moreover, the river health assessment method described in this study covers the different health states of river ecosystems, including the natural function and the social service function of a river. It is a reasonable river health assessment method that can evaluate river health status systematically, comprehensively and accurately. Therefore, this method is reasonable and effective and can be used to assess the ecological health of rivers in other regions.

Comprehensive evaluation of shaped charge blasting effect of rock roadway based on entropy-weighted matter-element extension model

In order to accurately evaluate the cumulative blasting effect of roadway, an entropy-weighted matter-element extension model was introduced to evaluate the blasting effect. Through the analysis of blasting quality, blasting economic and technical benefits, and blasting safety, 12 indexes such as bulk rate, blasting shape, and explosive consumption were selected to build a comprehensive evaluation model. Then, in order to avoid the uncertainty of subjective weighting method in the evaluation process, the entropy weighting method was introduced to determine the weight coefficient of matter-element index. Finally, the model is applied to the blasting example of Kong Zhuang coal mine, and the grading of blasting effect is evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Results show that the evaluation of the model is consistent with the actual grade. In addition, compared with ordinary smooth blasting, cumulative blasting can reduce the explosive consumption by 27%, increase the blasthole utilization rate to 97.1%, and improve the forming quality of roadway.

Risk Evaluation of Electric Power Grid Investment in China Employing a Hybrid Novel MCDM Method

Socio-economic development is undergoing changes in China, such as the recently proposed carbon peak and carbon neutral targets, new infrastructure development strategy and the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Meanwhile, the new-round marketization reform of the electricity industry has been ongoing in China since 2015. Therefore, it is urgent to evaluate the risk of electric power grid investment in China under new socio-economic development situation, which can help the investors manage risk and reduce risk loss. In this paper, a hybrid novel multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method combining the latest group MCDM method, namely, Bayesian best–worst method (BBWM) and improved matter-element extension model (IMEEM) is proposed for risk evaluation of electric power grid investment in China under new socio-economic development situation. The BBWM is used for the weights’ determination of electric power grid investment risk criteria, and the IMEEM is employed to rank risk grade of electric power grid investment. The risk evaluation index system of electric power grid investment is built, including economic, social, environmental, technical and marketable risks. The risk of electric power grid investment under new socio-economic development situation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China is empirically evaluated by using the proposed MCDM method, and the results indicate that it belongs to “Medium” grade, but closer to “High” grade. The main contributions of this paper include: (1) it proposes a hybrid novel MCDM method combining the BBWM and IMEEM for risk evaluation of electric power grid investment; and (2) it provides a new view for risk evaluation of electric power grid investment including economic, social, environmental, technical and marketable risks. The proposed hybrid novel MCDM method for the risk evaluation of electric power grid investment is effective and practical.

Benefit evaluation of power grid project based on matter-element extension model

Under the background of power market reform, power grid enterprises should continue to expand new business and new mode. Based on the background of power reform, this paper constructs the power grid evaluation index system considering the economic, technical and social aspects, and uses the variable weight theory to determine the weight of each index. The matter-element extension comprehensive evaluation model based on the ideal interval method is used to evaluate the benefits of power grid projects. It lays a theoretical foundation for the formulation of marketing strategy and the promotion of economic benefits of power grid company.

Evaluating the sustainability of China's power generation industry based on a matter-element extension model

Considering the urgency of the clean energy transformation, this study evaluates and analyzes the sustainability of five power generation subsectors in China. First, the sustainability evaluation index system is established, comprehensively considering economic, environmental, technological, and social dimensions. Secondly, the sustainability evaluation model is established via the improved matter-element extension method. The results of the analysis show that the sustainability of the five power generation subsectors in descending order are nuclear power, wind power, photovoltaic power, hydropower, thermal power. Finally, policy suggestions for the power generation industry are put forward.

Risk evaluation of tailings dam-break based on the extension matter-element model

As one of the most concerned risk sources of mining enterprises, the safety and stability of the tailings storage facility (TSF) is closely connected to the operating activity, surrounding ecological environment, and residents' lives safety and properties safety. In order to evaluate the risk of the tailings dam break, the extension matter-element model has been applied in the work. First, the risk evaluation indicator system was established, included 3 levels, 4 criteria and 17 individual indicators. Next, the weight of each indicator was computed by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. Then, the classical field, controlled field and closeness function within the extension matter-element model were determined considering the TSF height and volume, and the principle of the maximum membership degree has been improved by the closeness. Finally, a case study was illustrated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model. The result indicated that the target TSF operated at a relatively lower risk level, which accurately reflected the real operating situation. This work can provide a reasonable reference for dam break risk evaluation.