Particle Creation Research Articles

A Number Theoretic Analysis of the Enthalpy, Enthalpy Energy Density, Thermodynamic Volume, and the Equation of State of a Modified White Hole, and the Implications to the Quantum Vacuum Spacetime, Matter Creation and the Planck Frequency

A Number Theoretic Analysis of the Enthalpy, Enthalpy Energy Density, Thermodynamic Volume, and the Equation of State of a Modified White Hole, and the Implications to the Quantum Vacuum Spacetime, Matter Creation and the Planck Frequency

REVIEW OF SOME SCHEMES FOR COMPACT PARTICLE AND NEUTRON SOURCES UNDER LASER EMISSION

There are currently many methods and schemes for creating charged particles and neutrons. Most of them have two main disadvantages: low frequency of particle creation and high required energy for realization of fission and fusion processes. Laser radiation is energy of high quality and allows reproduction of neutron, electron, and ion fluxes with high frequency. Therefore, the use of lasers is the most promising to maximize the useful effect in the creation of elementary particles and ions. We have studied the optimal schemes of particle creation under the influence of low-power laser sources, carried out comparative analysis, which reveal advantages and disadvantages of each system.

On Three Possible Applications of Neutrosophic Logic in Applied Sciences, Including Matter Creation

On Three Possible Applications of Neutrosophic Logic in Applied Sciences, Including Matter Creation

InDiA (Integrable and Differentiable Active) matter: Floating A perspective

The de novo synthesis of artificial life, wherein, the knowledge of chemistry is availed for the pursuit of mimicking biological processes, has the potential to transform the universe and naturally has been a source of motivation for contemporary researchers. Now the most pertinent question arises, what are the primary requirements for synthesizing a living system, and what characteristics should the system possess for preserving life? A basic living system generally self-replicates, undergoes different catalytic metabolic pathways, maintains an away-from-equilibrium state, and sustains through evolution. Consequently like the universe, for the fabrication of life-like artificial systems, it is essential to design emergent out-of-equilibrium complex structures and this effectively calls on the emerging field of Systems Chemistry. In this review, we present the state-of-the-art in this field hitherto, which deploys chemical instabilities for tailoring far-from-equilibrium molecular machines operated by chemical fuels, non-equilibrium assembly-disassembly, chemical oscillators, and compartmentalized networks. Each of these systems requires a constant source of energy input to perpetuate the homeostatic properties. In an attempt to simulate these teleonomic characteristics of the biomotors, the concept of Active Matter research has been perceived which chemically fabricates autonomously propelling micro and nano-scale motors driven by various sources of energy like chemical fuels, light, temperature, magnetic, and electric fields. This review sets the stage to embrace the Systems Chemistry approach for the design of artificial life by embracing the evolution of strategies of Active Matter creation over the last two decades where the mechanisms and synthetic techniques have been improvised ushering in the advent of multi-step cascaded Active Matter. Taking a dynamical approach, in this review we have categorized Active Matter as Differentiable and Integrable. In the end, we present a futuristic outlook on how the InDiA Matter may serve as a potential pathway for creating artificial life and discuss the ongoing challenges underlying comprehending the physical interactions from the viewpoint of physics of active matter and Systems chemistry.

Matter creation cosmology with generalized Chaplygin gas

Matter creation cosmology with generalized Chaplygin gas

Physiological effects of manganese nanoparticles on Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Adult Male Rats

This study was conducted on the creation of the nanopolitan manganese particles and the study of the physiological effect of the nanopolitan magnes.The results or indicators of blood sugar showed the confirmation of low levels of sugar in the group of diabetes treatment by giving oral throughout the experiment period (28 days. In addition to the high percentage of insulin in the affected group and the treatment of Mn-NPs compared to the affected (positive) control group during the study period. The current study aimed to achieve preventive effects against diabetes. It turned out that eating the nanoparticles and within the permissible concentration 2 mg /kg per day reduces blood sugar and contributes to losing weight, as its consumption is related to a decrease in the risk of type 2 diabetes and reduces the level Blood Glucose in Adult Male Rats.

India's biogeochemical capacity to attain food security and remediate climate.

In order to supply wholesome food and slow down climate change, this paper covers India's agrogeological resources. The soils are the result of the weathering of rocks with ages ranging from more than a billion years to the most recent Holocene. Because they are severely deficient in vital minerals, many soils have low agricultural production. In addition to helping to fertilise soils, reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, and stop the acidification of the Indian Ocean, rock powder weathering and biochar have significant positive effects on the productivity of Indian soils. The nutrient density of food is also increased which improves health and lowers the demand for and cost of medical treatment. Remineralization may help to solve Indian soil issues including soil infertility and texture. To improve soil and plant nutrition, dusts of carbonate, basic, and ultrabasic rocks are readily available at mining sites in India combined with biochar. Adding different grain sizes to the soil helps improve the texture of the soil.Silicate and carbonate rock powders enhance soil structure by promoting the creation of soil organic matter and fostering the growth of advantageous microbial communities. These processes offer a low-cost method of remineralizing soils with important macro- and micronutrients. For each significant soil/crop/climate system, an optimised application of India's rock powder resources must be determined through a national research and development programme. India's capacity to adapt to the mounting challenges of population expansion and climate change would be significantly improved by the findings of this study programme.

Dark matter and radiation production during warm inflation in a curved Universe - an irreversible thermodynamic approach

"We investigate the creation of dark matter particles as a result of the decay of the scalar field in the framework of warm inflationary models, by using the irreversible thermodynamics of open systems with matter creation/annihilation. We consider the scalar fields, radiation and dark matter as an interacting three component cosmological fluid in a homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) Universe, in the presence of the curvature terms. The thermodynamics of open systems as applied together with the gravitational field equations to the three component cosmological fluid leads to a generalization of the elementary scalar field-radiation interaction model, which is the theoretical basis of warm inflationary models. Moreover, the decay (creation) pressures describing matter production are explicitly considered as parts of the cosmological fluid energy-momentum tensor. A specific theoretical model, describing coherently oscillating scalar waves, is considered. In particular, we investigate the role of the curvature terms in the dynamical evolution of the early Universe, by considering numerical solutions of the gravitational field equations. Our results indicate that despite the fact that the Universe becomes flat at the end of the inflationary era, the curvature terms, if present, may still play an important role in the very first stages of the evolution of the Universe."

Investigation on the Effect of Fluorescence Quenching of Calf Thymus DNA by Piperine: Caspase Activation in the Human Breast Cancer Cell Line Studies.

In this study, we determined the interaction of piperine and calf thymus DNA (ct DNA) in Tris-HCl buffer solution at pH = 6.8 and also evaluated the binding mechanism through the data of multi-spectroscopic techniques along with thermal melting and viscosity measurements. The outcomes of fluorescence quenching confirmed the occurrence of interactions between piperine and ctDNA and pointed out the role of piperine as the quencher. In addition, the KSV values were measured at three different temperatures of 298, 303, and 308 K to be 4.5 × 107 M-1, 5.65 × 107 M-1, and 9.36 × 107 M-1, respectively, which suggested the dominance of dynamic mechanism as the fluorescence quenching of piperine-ctDNA. The thermodynamic parameters revealed the predominance of hydrophobic forces in the interaction of ctDNA with piperine. According to the resonance light scattering data, the formation of a complex between piperine and ctDNA led to the creation of a larger particle. Ethidium bromide (EB) and acridine orange (AO) displacement studies, along with the ionic effects of NaCl and KI assessments, confirmed the interaction of piperine-ctDNA through a groove binding mode. The melting temperature assay of ctDNA upon the addition of piperine concentration indicated the probable groove binding of piperine to ctDNA, which was affirmed by relative viscosity measurement as well. The lack of detecting any alterations in the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of CD investigation verified as a characteristic sign of groove binding mechanism and also confirmed all the experimental results with regard to the binding of piperine-ctDNA complex. Next to observing a concentration and time-dependent cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells, the impact of piperine on increasing lipid peroxidation and decreasing the activity of superoxide dismutase was also noticed. Apparently, piperine is capable of inducing caspase-3 activity as well.

Uniform approximation of 2D Navier-Stokes equations with vorticity creation by stochastic interacting particle systems

We consider a stochastic interacting particle system in a bounded domain with reflecting boundary, including creation of new particles on the boundary prescribed by a given source term. We show that such particle system approximates 2D Navier–Stokes equations in vorticity form and impermeable boundary, the creation of particles modeling vorticity creation at the boundary. Kernel smoothing, more specifically smoothing by means of the Neumann heat semigroup on the space domain, allows to establish uniform convergence of regularized empirical measures to (weak solutions of) Navier–Stokes equations.

Particles creation from JNW quantum perturbed black holesby minimally coupled Klein Gordon scalar free fields

In this work, we choose a minimal coupling interaction between massive Klein Gordon (KG) quantum scalar free fields and Janis-Newman-Winicour (JNW) spherically symmetric static black hole, to produce its Hawking temperature and luminosity. This is done by calculating asymptotic wave solutions at near and far from the black hole horizon. They are orthogonal mode solutions of local Hilbert spaces. By using these mode solutions, we calculated Bogolubov coefficients and then, we investigated number density matrix of created particles. Mathematical calculations show that this is not exactly similar to the Planck`s black body radiation energy density distribution but, it is “gray” body radiation distribution depended to the emitted Hawking particles frequency. Their difference is a non-vanishing absorptivity factor of backscattered particles after to form horizon of a collapsing body. Our motivation is determination of position of Hawking created pairs in which, two different proposals are proposed, so called as “fairwall” and “quantum atmosphere”.

Knowing the Unknown: A Review on Nanotechnology in Orthodontics

Nanotechnology is the structuring and manipulation of matter at nanoscale for the creation of new particles and devices. The applications of nanotechnology are being explored in various arenas including health care. The use of this technology aims to improvise the quality of health care being rendered to the patients. Nanotechnology has paved its way into various specialties of dentistry including orthodontics. The goal of these innovations and research in this field is to improve human life and health. The merging of nanotechnology with orthodontics helps the clinicians to a great extent in improving the quality of patient care and its applications. This article aims to summarize and describe the most recent advancements and well-known nanotechnological innovations in the field of orthodontics and the use of new nanomaterials, nano devices, nano LIPUS, nano particles and nano sensors incorporation of the same to the arsenal of Orthodontics.

Morphology-Dependent Immunomodulatory Coating of Hydroxyapatite/PEO for Magnesium-Based Bone Implants.

One of the most critical issues concerning orthopedic implants is the risk of chronic inflammation, which poses a threat to the bone healing process. Osteo-immunomodulation plays a pivotal role in implant technology by influencing proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, ultimately promoting bone healing. This study aims to investigate the morphology-dependent osteo-immunomodulatory properties of a hydroxyapatite (HA)/plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO)-coated WE43 alloy. In this context, following the PEO process with various operational parameters (duty cycles of 50-40, 50-20, 70-40%, and frequencies of 0.5, 0.8, and 1 kHz), a layer of HA was applied as the top coating using a straightforward hot-dip process. The results revealed the formation of the PEO layer with distinct morphologies and pore sizes, depending on the operational parameters. Specifically, a uniform PEO coating with small pore sizes (5.2-5.3 μm) led to the creation of plate-like HA particles, while a random-like HA structure formed on nonuniform surfaces with large pores (7.0-11.1 μm) of PEO. Moreover, it was observed that the plate-like HA coating exhibited higher adhesion strength than the random one (classified as class 2 vs class 3 based on cross-cut standards). Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization studies confirmed a substantial increase in the polarization resistance (680 kΩ) and total impedance (48 559.6 Ω) for the plate-like HA/PEO as compared to the substrate (an increase of 1511-fold and 311-fold, respectively) and the random HA/PEO samples (an increase of 85-fold and 18-fold, respectively). In addition, compared to random HA coatings, there was a significant enhancement in the viability (150% control vs 96% control), proliferation, and differentiation of MG63 cells when exposed to plate-like HA coatings. Moreover, surface morphology and chemistry pronouncedly impacted macrophages' viability, morphology, and phenotype. Notably, plate-like HA coatings resulted in a higher upregulation of BMP-2 and TGF-β than proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and M-CSF), indicating a polarization of macrophage type 1 (M1) toward type 2 (M2). In summary, the bilayer HA/PEO coating exhibited remarkable osteo-immunomodulatory activity, making it highly appealing for use in bone implant applications.

Creation rate of Dirac particles at a point source

Only recently has it been possible to construct a self-adjoint Hamiltonian that involves the creation of Dirac particles at a point source in 3d space. Its definition makes use of an interior-boundary condition. Here, we develop for this Hamiltonian a corresponding theory of the Bohmian configuration. That is, we (non-rigorously) construct a Markov jump process in the configuration space of a variable number of particles that is -distributed at every time t and follows Bohmian trajectories between the jumps. The jumps correspond to particle creation or annihilation events and occur either to or from a configuration with a particle located at the source. The process is the natural analog of Bell’s jump process, and a central piece in its construction is the determination of the rate of particle creation. The construction requires an analysis of the asymptotic behavior of the Bohmian trajectories near the source. We find that the particle reaches the source with radial speed 0, but orbits around the source infinitely many times in finite time before absorption (or after emission).

Observational constraints and cosmological implications of scalar–tensor f(R, T) gravity

ABSTRACT Recently, the scalar–tensor representation of f(R, T) gravity was used to explore gravitationally induced particle production/annihilation. Using the framework of irreversible thermodynamics of open systems in the presence of matter creation/annihilation, the physical and cosmological consequences of this setup were investigated in detail. In this paper, we test observationally the scalar–tensor representation of f(R, T) gravity in the context of the aforementioned framework, using the Hubble and Pantheon + measurements. The best fit parameters are obtained by solving numerically the modified Friedmann equations of two distinct cosmological models in scalar–tensor f(R, T) gravity, corresponding to two different choices of the potential, and by performing a Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis. The best parameters are used to compute the cosmographic parameters, that is, the deceleration, the jerk, and the snap parameters. Using the output resulting from the Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis, the cosmological evolution of the creation pressure and of the matter creation rates are presented for both models. To figure out the statistical significance of the studied scalar–tensor f(R, T) gravity, the Bayesian and the corrected Akaike information criteria are used. The latter indicates that the first considered model in scalar–tensor f(R, T) gravity is statistically better than ΛCDM, that is, it is more favoured by observations. Besides, a continuous particle creation process is present in Model 1. Alternatively, for large redshifts, in Model 2 the particle creation rate may become negative, thus indicating the presence of particle annihilation processes. However, both models lead to an accelerating expansion of the universe at late times, with a deceleration parameter equivalent to that of the ΛCDM model.

Particle creation and bulk viscosity in Bianchi-I universe in Saez–Ballester theory with different deceleration parameters

Particle creation and bulk viscosity in Bianchi-I universe in Saez–Ballester theory with different deceleration parameters

Thermodynamic particle creation in Hořava–Lifshitz gravity

Thermodynamic particle creation in Hořava–Lifshitz gravity

Observational constraints on non-minimally coupled curvature–matter models of gravity from the analysis of Pantheon data

We considered non-minimally coupled curvature–matter models of gravity in a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker Universe filled with perfect fluid and investigated its cosmological implications in the light of Pantheon compilation of 1048 supernova Ia (SNe Ia) data points along with 54 data points from observed Hubble data. The non-minimal curvature–matter coupling has been introduced by adding a term to the usual action for Einstein gravity involving the Einstein–Hilbert action and minimally coupled matter action. We investigate the observational constraints on the non-minimal models by choosing two different kinds of parametrisation of fluid-pressure profiles using a dimensionless parameter k. The interplay of the three parameters plays a pivotal role in testing the consistency of non-minimally coupled fluid–curvature scenarios with the observed data. We found there exist large domains in the ()-parameter space for which models with non-minimal curvature–matter mixing stand as viable cosmological models reproducing the observed features of late-time cosmic evolution. We also commented on the possibility of ‘gravitationally induced particle creation’ in the context of SNe Ia data.

Conformal invariance and phenomenology of particle creation: Weyl geometry vs. Riemannian geometry

Conformal invariance and phenomenology of particle creation: Weyl geometry vs. Riemannian geometry

Конформная инвариантность и феноменология рождения частиц: сравнение геометрии Вейля с римановой геометрией

На примере действия идеальной жидкости с переменным числом частиц изучено феноменологическое описание процессов рождения частиц на фоне сильных внешних полей, в частности гравитационного и скалярного полей. Эта модель рассматривается как для геометрии Вейля, так и для римановой геометрии. Новый инвариант, связанный с взаимодействием вектора Вейля с частицами, инкорпорирован в действие материи. Показана конформная инвариантность слагаемого в действии материи, ответственного за рождение частиц.