Function Matrix Research Articles

Host-Matrix Interactions and Molecular Functionalization: Shaping the Delayed Emission Properties of Indenophenanthridine Derivatives.

The advancement of organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials has attracted considerable interest owing to their extensive applications. Their distinct advantages, including a metal-free composition, low toxicity, and facile synthesis under ambient conditions, make them highly desirable. This study examines the delayed fluorescence (DF) and RTP of metal-free, amorphous indenophenanthridine (IND)-based derivatives (1-10) and provides insights into molecular functionalisation and host matrix effects on delayed emission (RTP and DF). IND derivatives have been used in bioimaging and organic analyte detections; however, their delayed emission mechanism photophysical processes are poorly understood. This work examines the derivatives' physicochemical properties and time-resolved photophysics to determine how molecular structure, host interaction, and delayed emission properties relate. The described IND compounds show RTP and/or TTA (triplet-triplet annihilation) delayed fluorescence depending on the host environment. This research lays the groundwork for designing and developing new materials with increased RTP efficiency for future applications by detailing the detailed RTP processes and the crucial function of the host matrix.

Nutritional and Industrial Insights into Hemp Seed Oil: A Value-Added Product of Cannabis sativa L.

Industrial hemp is mainly cultivated for its fibers aimed at the production of textiles, paper, and cordage; the inflorescences for medicinal purposes; and the seeds are used by the food industry due to their high nutritional and functional matrix of protein, fiber, lipids, and microelements. Hemp seed oil (HsO) is a unique source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, with a phenomenal ω6:ω3 ratio of 2.5–3.0, significantly enhancing human health when consumed daily. HsO is mostly obtained through cold pressing due to minimal thermal treatment, and although of lower yield compared to solvent extraction, it presents higher quality lipid fractions and organoleptic characteristics such as color, taste, flavor, and density. Although HsO is a powerful source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, and phytosterols, its production lacks standardized quality control parameters, except for THC, which is subject to EU legislation. Therefore, it is essential to build up a quality protocol system for standardizing seed conservation, oil extraction methods, and quality parameters. This review aims to display an overall nutritional framework of the HsO and encourage further research into its use in the food value chain.

Observer design for discrete T-S fuzzy time-delay singular systems

In this paper, we investigate the design of observers tailored for discrete T-S fuzzy time-delay singular systems, considering the presence of process disturbances and measurable premise variables. An observer with more design degrees of freedom than the commonly used Luenberger observer is designed. By constructing an asymmetric Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, a criterion ensuring the existence of the fuzzy state observer is provided, which eliminates the limitations of the positive definiteness and symmetry of the previous functional matrix. In the process of solving the inequality, the relaxation matrix is incorporated to acquire additional flexibility and alleviate the conservatism of parameter design. Ultimately, two numerical instances are provided to thoroughly validate the rationale and efficacy of the approach.

The effect of LARP7 on gene expression during osteogenesis.

La-related protein 7 (LARP7) is a key regulator of RNA metabolism and is thought to play a role in various cellular processes. LARP7 gene autosomal recessive mutations are the cause of Alazami syndrome, which presents with skeletal abnormalities, intellectual disabilities, and facial dysmorphisms. This study aimed to determine the role of LARP7 in modulating gene expression dynamics during osteogenesis. First, the temporal expression profile of the LARP7 gene during various stages of osteogenesis was examined. Then, RNA interference-mediated knockdown of LARP7 was implemented and high-throughput RNA-seq analysis was performed in order to identify global gene expression changes associated with knockdown of LARP7. The findings show there were significant alterations in the overall gene expression profile. The observed down-regulation in extracellular matrix (ECM) component genes suggests that it might lead to impairments in the structure and function of the bone matrix. Additionally, modulation of alternative splicing events were observed, especially in the RUNX2 and SPP1, indicating the potential contribution of LARP7 to the phenotypic features observed in Alazami syndrome. Overall, the findings clarify the regulatory mechanisms of LARP7 in osteogenic differentiation and illuminate potential avenues for therapeutic interventions in patients with skeletal disorders.

New inequalities for permanents and hafnians and some generalizations

We show new upper bounds for permanents and hafnians, which are particularly useful for complex matrices. Multidimensional permanents and hyperhafnians are considered as well. The permanental bounds improve on a Hadamard type inequality of Carlen et al. [An inequality of Hadamard type for permanents. Methods Appl Anal. 2006;13(1):1–17. doi: 10.4310/MAA.2006.v13.n1.a1] and Cobos et al. [Multilinear forms of Hilbert type and some other distinguished forms. Integral Equ Oper Theory. 2006;56(1):57–70. doi: 10.1007/s00020-005-1412-2]. Our proofs are based on a more general inequality, which can be applied to generalized Laplace type expansions of the matrix functions under consideration. As application, we show new bounds on the characteristic function of a random diagonal sum. A numerical comparison shows the performance of some of our permanental bounds.

TAGLN-RhoA/ROCK2-SLC2A3-mediated Mechano-metabolic Axis Promotes Skin Fibrosis.

Skin fibrotic diseases are characterized by abnormal fibroblast function and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Our previous single-cell sequencing results identified an enriched fibroblast subcluster in skin fibrotic tissues that highly expresses the actin cross-linking cytoskeletal protein Transgelin (TAGLN), which bridges the mechanical environment of tissues and cellular metabolism. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of TAGLN in the pathogenesis of skin fibrosis. Transwell, wound healing, collagen gel contraction assay, immunofluorescence and RNA-seq analyses were used to validate and explore the potential mechanisms of the TAGLN-RhoA/ROCK2-SLC2A3-mediated mechano-metabolic axis in dermal fibrosis. The therapeutic efficacy of targeting TAGLN was validated using a bleomycin-induced mouse model of skin fibrosis. Functional assays revealed that downregulation of TAGLN inhibited motility and secretory function of fibroblasts, including invasion, migration, contraction, and collagen secretion. The glucose carrier SLC2A3 was identified as one of the downstream targets of TAGLN by RNA-sequencing analysis and further validation. We further demonstrated that TAGLN regulates the expression of SLC2A3 through the RhoA/ROCK2 pathway, a key pathway of mechanotransduction, thereby affecting glycolysis and motility of fibroblasts. This study reveals the existence of the TAGLN-RhoA/ROCK2-SLC2A3 mechano-metabolic axis in skin fibrotic diseases and provides a promising target for its clinical treatment.

Foldy-Wouthuysen Green's Function And WKB Transfer Matrix Method For Dirac Tunneling Through Monolayer Graphene With A Mass Gap

Foldy-Wouthuysen Green's Function And WKB Transfer Matrix Method For Dirac Tunneling Through Monolayer Graphene With A Mass Gap

Decision-making on A Novel Stochastic Space-I of Solutions for Fuzzy Volterra-Type Non-linear Dynamical Economic Models

In this paper, we explain the sufficient conditions on a novel constructed stochastic space by weighted generalized Gamma matrix and variable exponent sequence spaces of fuzzy functions, for the Kannan contraction operator to have a unique fixed point. Finally, we discuss the numerous applications of solutions to Fuzzy Volterra-Type Non-linear Dynamical Economic Models and illustrate them with some examples.

Reconstructing damaged fNIRS signals with a generative deep learning model

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) imaging offers a promising avenue for measuring brain function in both healthy and diseased cohorts. However, signal quality in fNIRS data frequently encounters challenges, such as low signal-to-noise ratio or substantial motion artifacts in one or multiple measurement channels, impeding the comprehensive exploitation of the data. Developing a valid method to improve the quality of damaged fNIRS signals is crucial, particularly given the extensive use of wearable fNIRS devices in natural settings where noise issues are even more unavoidable. Here, we proposed a generative deep learning approach to recover damaged fNIRS signals in one or more measurement channels. The model captured spatial and temporal variations in the time series of fNIRS data by integrating multiscale convolutional layers, gated recurrent units (GRUs), and linear regression analyses. We trained the model on a resting-state fNIRS dataset from healthy elderly individuals and evaluated its performance in terms of reconstruction accuracy and functional connectivity matrix similarity. Collectively, the proposed model exhbited an excellent performance for the reconstruction of damaged fNIRS time series. In individual channel-level, the model can accurately reconstruct damaged fNIRS time series (mean correlation = 0.80 ± 0.14) while preserving intervariable relationships (correlation = 0.93). In multiple channel-level, the model maintained robust reconstruction accuracy and consistency in terms of functional connectivity. Our findings underscore the potential of generative deep learning techniques in reconstructing damaged fNIRS signals, providing a novel perspective for the efficient utilization of data in clinical diagnosis and brain research.

Mechanical analysis and function matrix projective synchronization of El-Nino chaotic system

Abstract This study explores the mechanical aspects of the El Niño system by transforming it into a Kolmogorov type system, characterized by four types of torques known as internal, inertial, dissipation, and external. Five scenarios by varying these torques to identify the factors that lead to chaos and their physical significance are also investigated. The interactions between kinetic, potential, and Hamiltonian energies are analyzed and depicted as how these energies interact with system parameters. The study also emphasizes the benefits of conservative chaos over dissipative chaos. Particularly, it has more applications like secure communications and pseudo-random number generation. The role of force interactions and exchanges, including Casimir energy in the generation of chaos is also identified. The transition from regular to irregular orbits, and then to more chaotic states is investigated through Casimir function. It concludes that all four types of torques are necessary to induce chaos in the El Niño chaotic system. Additionally, function matrix projective synchronization between identical El-Nino chaotic systems has achieved.

PRMT1-mediated methylation regulates MLL2 stability and gene expression.

The interplay between multiple transcription factors precisely regulates eukaryotic transcription. Here, we report that the protein methyltransferases, MLL2/KMT2B and PRMT1, interact directly and act collectively to regulate gene expression. PRMT1 binds to the N-terminal region of MLL2, considered an intrinsically disordered region, and methylates multiple arginine residues within its RGG/RG motifs. Notably, overexpression of PRMT1 decreased poly-ubiquitylation of MLL2, whereas mutations on methylation sites in MLL2 increased MLL2 poly-ubiquitylation, suggesting that PRMT1-mediated methylation stabilizes MLL2. MLL2 and PRMT1 cooperatively stimulated the expression of a chromosomal reporter gene in a PRMT1-mediated, MLL2-methylation-dependent manner. RNA-seq analysis found that MLL2 and PRMT1 jointly regulate the expression of genes involved in cell membrane and extracellular matrix functions, and depletion of either resulted in impaired cell migration and invasion. Our study provides evidence that PRMT1-mediated MLL2 methylation regulates MLL2 protein stability and the expression of their target genes.

Glutamine-αKG axis affects dentin regeneration and regulates osteo/odontogenic differentiation of mesenchymal adult stem cells via IGF2 m6A modification

BackgroundMulti-lineage differentiation of mesenchymal adult stem cells (m-ASCs) is crucial for tissue regeneration and accompanied with metabolism reprogramming, among which dental-pulp-derived m-ASCs has obvious advantage of easy accessibility. Stem cell fate determination and differentiation are closely related to metabolism status in cell microenvironment, which could actively interact with epigenetic modification. In recent years, glutamine-α-ketoglutarate (αKG) axis was proved to be related to aging, tumorigenesis, osteogenesis etc., while its role in m-ASCs still lack adequate research evidence.MethodsWe employed metabolomic analysis to explore the change pattern of metabolites during dental-pulp-derived m-ASCs differentiation. A murine incisor clipping model was established to investigate the influence of αKG on dental tissue repairment. shRNA technique was used to knockdown the expression of related key enzyme-dehydrogenase 1(GLUD1). RNA-seq, m6A evaluation and MeRIP-qPCR were used to dig into the underlying epigenetic mechanism.ResultsHere we found that the glutamine-αKG axis displayed an increased tendency along with the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of dental-pulp-derived m-ASCs, same as expression pattern of GLUD1. Further, the key metabolite αKG was found able to accelerate the repairment of clipped mice incisor and promote dentin formation. Exogenous DM-αKG was proved able to promote osteo/odontogenic differentiation of dental-pulp-derived m-ASCs, while the inhibition of glutamine-derived αKG level via GLUD1 knockdown had the opposite effect. Under the circumstance of GLUD1 knockdown, extracellular matrix (ECM) function and PI3k-Akt signaling pathway was screened out to be widely involved in the process with insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) participation via RNA-seq. Inhibition of glutamine-αKG axis may affect IGF2 translation efficiency via m6A methylation and can be significantly rescued by αKG supplementation.ConclusionOur findings indicate that glutamine-αKG axis may epigenetically promote osteo/odontogenic differentiation of dental-pulp-derived m-ASCs and dentin regeneration, which provide a new research vision of potential dental tissue repairment therapy method or metabolite-based drug research.

Extending Generalized Explicit Terms and Applying Euler–Bernoulli Beam Theory to Enhance Dynamic Response Prediction in Receptance Coupling Method

This paper presents a theoretical framework to enhance the prediction of dynamic responses in complex mechanical systems, such as vehicle structures, by incorporating both translational and rotational degrees of freedom. Traditional receptance coupling methods often neglect rotational effects, leading to significant inaccuracies at higher frequencies. Additionally, approaches that implicitly include full dynamics frequently result in redundancy of generalized coordinates, especially at connection points. To address these limitations, the generalized receptance coupling method using Frequency-Based Substructuring is extended to explicitly account for rotational dynamics resulting in a refined GRCFBS approach. This extension enhances both the understanding and prediction of system responses, which are represented through the receptance matrix or Frequency Response Function. Building on Jetmundsen’s foundational work, the proposed framework introduces a practical, generalized formulation that explicitly incorporates full translational and rotational dynamics at each substructure node. This explicit definition provides deeper insights into system behavior, particularly for complex interactions between substructures under weak and strong coupling scenarios at interface points. The Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is employed to model rotational behavior at critical points, yielding reduced-order and explicit receptance matrices for substructures in the coupling process. The methodology’s accuracy and applicability in capturing resonance and anti-resonance modes are validated through two case studies: the coupling of two flexible subsystems and the integration of flexible and rigid components. Results are benchmarked against numerical finite element analysis, and all limitations and potential improvements are discussed. By directly incorporating rotational dynamics directly, this approach enables more reliable dynamic response predictions under multi-directional loading conditions, particularly for vehicle and machinery system design. The GRCFBS method offers a versatile and reliable tool for dynamic system analysis, with significant potential for vibration analysis over a broad frequency range.

Contoured Bode Plot based Robust Decentralised Controller for Three-Input Integrated Dc-Dc Converter

Designing controllers for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) integrated Dc-Dc converter is complicated due to shared elements, integrated structure, and relation between the input and output variables of the converter. In this work, a robust PID controller based on a Contoured Robust Controller Bode Plot (CRCBP) is designed for control of the three-input integrated Dc-Dc (TIID) converter. This method combines robust control with classical loop-shaping. In this procedure, the outlines of the robust metric are drawn on the Bode charts of the controller, and the controller is adjusted till its frequency response does not cross the contours of the robust metric to meet the stability and performance goals. The TIID converter is modeled using state-space analysis and a Transfer Function Matrix (TFM) is acquired from the small signal continuous time model. The interactions between the inputs and outputs of the converter are quantified and input-output pairing is identified by Relative Gain Array (RGA). The input-output pairing suggested by RGA decides the controller structure. Further, the weight functions (loop-shaping filters) are designed based on the TFM which represents the desired robustness and performance of the controller. These weight functions are used to define the robust metric for the controller design. Based on this, the CRCBP controller is designed iteratively. A standard TIID converter of power rating 288 W with input voltage levels of 24V, 30V, and 36V is considered to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller under varying operating conditions. The real-time simulation results disclose the proposed controller's superiority over the existing approaches in the literature.

Synthesis of Poly(dimethylvinylsiloxy)vinylsiloxane

A three-stage synthesis of a highly functional polymer matrix, namely, poly(dimethylvinylsiloxy)vinylsiloxane is presented. At the first stage, monosodiumoxy(diethoxy)(vinyl)silane was obtained. The second stage involved the hydrolytic polycondensation (HPC) of monosodiumoxy(diethoxy)(vinyl)silane to obtain poly(sodiumoxy)vinylsiloxane. At the final stage, poly(sodiumoxy)vinylsiloxane was treated with chloro(dimethyl)vinylsilane (CDMVS). All the compounds obtained were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 1H NMR spectroscopy.

Coagulation factor II thrombin receptor as a promising biomarker in breast cancer management.

This study aims to comprehensively investigate the role of coagulation factor II thrombin receptor (F2R) in breast cancer (BC) and to evaluate its potential as a biomarker in this context. Data on female BC were retrieved from the TCGA database. Comparative analyses were performed, including enrichment analysis, tumor immune microenvironment analysis, drug sensitivity testing, molecular docking, and cell-based experiments, to assess the expression and function of F2R in BC. Statistical analyses and graphical representations were conducted using R software. The study confirmed a significant upregulation of F2R in BC, which was associated with a more favorable prognosis. Clinical correlation analysis revealed a strong association between F2R expression and key clinical parameters, such as estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status. Additionally, genes co-expressed with F2R were significantly linked to various biological processes, including cell cycle regulation, oxidative phosphorylation, ribosomal function, and extracellular matrix interactions. F2R also showed associations with immune modulators, particularly CD200 and NRP1. Drug sensitivity analysis, molecular docking, and cell experiments consistently demonstrated positive correlations between F2R expression and sensitivity to dasatinib. This study underscores the potential of F2R as a valuable biomarker in BC, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis.

Robust finite-time H2/H∞ control for stochastic Markovian jump systems via state feedback

The robust finite-time [Formula: see text] control problems for linear discrete-time stochastic Markovian jump systems (MJSs) with external disturbance are investigated. Firstly, the definitions of robust finite-time boundedness, and robust finite-time [Formula: see text] boundedness are presented. Subsequently, by using the stochastic Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional method and linear matrix inequality technique, sufficient conditions for the existence of a robust finite-time [Formula: see text] controller are provided for stochastic MJSs. A state feedback controller is designed. Furthermore, the finite-time guaranteed cost bounds are given. More specifically, the designed controller not only ensures the finite-time [Formula: see text] bounded but also makes the [Formula: see text] cost function less than the bound given by the performance index of the systems. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the validity of the proposed approach.

On the Ries inequality and the basicity of systems of root vector functions of 2mth order Dirac-type operator with summable coefficient

We consider a Dirac-type operator of 2mth order on a finite interval G = (a, b). It is assumed that its coefficient is a complex-valued matrix function summable on G =, (a b). A Riesz property criterion is established for a system of root vector functions, and a theorem on the equivalent basis property in L2mp (G), 1 < p < ∞ is prove

Krylov Subspace Recycling with Randomized Sketching for Matrix Functions

Krylov Subspace Recycling with Randomized Sketching for Matrix Functions

Preparation and Characterization of Crimped PLA Fibers With Surface Porous Structure to Promote Cell Adhesion and Growth

ABSTRACTElectrospun fibrous scaffolds are widely used in vascular tissue engineering because they are able to mimic the organizational structure and biological function of a natural extracellular matrix. Improving the topological structure and mechanical properties of electrospun fibrous scaffolds is crucial for achieving good interaction between cells and materials. Herein, oriented polylactic acid (PLA) fibers with surface porous structure were prepared by electrospinning. The orientation degree of the surface porous structure (84.77° ± 5.61°) was highly consistent with the orientation degree of the fiber (83.66° ± 7.31°), which improved the porosity of the fiber and promoted the adhesion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Then, by heat treatment, oriented PLA fibers with a surface porous structure were formed into a crimped state, which mimics the crimped structure and nonlinear mechanical properties of the elastic fibers within the blood vessel wall. The crimped PLA fibers with surface porous structure significantly improved the aspect ratio of HUVECs and promoted HUVECs‐oriented growth, which shows certain potential applications in vascular tissue engineering.