Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 In Patients Research Articles

Biomolecule-regulation of fluorescent probe signaling: Homogeneous rapid portable protease sensing in serum

BackgroundAs is well documented, prostate cancer (PCa) being the second most prevalent cancer in men worldwide, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis for prognosis. However, conventional prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing lacks sufficient diagnostic efficiency due to its relatively low sensitivity and limited detection range. Mounting evidence suggests that matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expression increases with the aggressive behavior of PCa, highlighting the significance of detecting the serum level of MMP-9 in patients. Developing a non-immune rapid, portable MMP-9 detection strategy and investigating its representativeness of PCa serum markers hold considerable implications. ResultsHerein, our study developed a simple, homogeneous dual fluorescence and smartphone-assisted red-green-blue (RGB) visualization peptide sensor of MMP-9, utilizing cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) and calcein as signal reporters. The essence of our approach revolves around the proteolytic ability of MMP-9, exploiting the selective recognition of molecule-Cu2+ complexes with different molecular weights by CdTe QDs and calcein. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) for MMP-9 were 0.5 pg/mL and 6 pg/mL using fluorescence and RGB values readouts, respectively. Indeed, this strategy exhibited robust specificity and anti-interference ability. MMP-9 was quantified in 42 clinical serum samples via dual-fluorescence analysis, with 12 samples being visually identified with a smartphone. According to receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, its sensitivity and specificity were 90 % and 100 %, respectively, with an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.903. Significance and noveltyOf note, the results of the aforementioned analysis were highly consistent with the serum level of PSA, clinical color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), and histopathological results. Therefore, this simple, rapid, homogeneous fluorescence and visualization strategy can reliably measure MMP-9 levels and exhibit promising potential in point-of-care testing (POCT) applications for PCa patients.

Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinases in patients with breast cancer as a potential marker of cardiotoxicity associated with doxorubicin therapy

Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinases in patients with breast cancer as a potential marker of cardiotoxicity associated with doxorubicin therapy

The content of matrix metalloproteinase-1, -9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in patients with bronchial asthma and obesity

Airway remodeling is a significant factor in the progression of respiratory failure in bronchial asthma (BA). Obesity can contribute to inflammation, and consequently – airway remodeling, by increased production of matrix proteinase (MMP). However, the mechanisms of remodeling in different phenotypes of BA, especially in comorbid patients, remain poorly understood. The aim of the research was to examine the levels of remodeling markers MMP-1, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix proteinases (TIMP-1) in obese asthmatic patients, taking into account their age at the onset of BA, the severity of symptoms and the level of control. Material and methods. 195 patients with BA associated with obesity were examined. The control group consisted of 95 practically healthy people. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I included 100 patients with early onset, and Group II included 95 patients with late onset of BA. The study was approved by the Bioethics Commission of the Medical Institute of Sumy State University. Statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out using the SPSS-17 program. Results. The content of MMP-1, -9 and TIMP-1 was higher in patients with early (129.40 ± 7.86; 177.30 ± 9.19; 142.40 ± 12.22 ng/ml, respectively) and late (196.60 ± 9.62; 289.80 ± 16.23; 187.50 ± 11.34 ng/ml, respectively) BA with obesity compared to practically healthy individuals (р < 0.005). Patients with late-onset BA associated with obesity likely had higher indicators than those with early BA. In patients with early BA, the levels of MMP-1, -9, and TIMP-1 were not significantly different depending on the severity of the disease (р > 0.05). However, in patients with severe late BA, the levels of these markers were higher compared to those with mild BA (р < 0.05). Levels of MMP-1 and MMP-9 in patients with early-onset and late-onset BA with obesity were higher in the absence of disease control compared to those in complete and partial control, but in late-onset exceeded those in early-onset. Conclusions. Considering the obtained results, it can be assumed that the level of MMP-1, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in obese patients with BA can serve as biomarkers of airway remodeling, namely, the severity and the level of BA control.

D-dimer, C-reactive protein and matrix metalloproteinase 9 for prediction of type A aortic dissection patient survival.

Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a life-threatening condition requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. Surgery is an effective treatment for ATAAD, but the in-hospital mortality rate in the 30day perioperative period is still as high as 9-30%. It is critical to identify biological factors for preoperative assessment of post-operative survival in patients with ATAAD. This is a retrospective study, investigating the association of combined measurements of d-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) for 1year of survival in patients with ATAAD. Data from 247 patients who underwent surgery were analysed, including 89 patients who did not survive and 158 patients who survived within 1year after surgery. Pearson's correlation analysis was carried out to determine the correlations between CRP in whole blood, d-dimer in plasma, and CRP in whole blood. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to analyse the value of preoperative whole blood CRP, plasma d-dimer, and serum MMP9 concentration and the combined detection model in predicting death of patients with ATAAD. Deceased patients with ATAAD exhibited higher age, hypertension prevalence, systolic blood pressure, white blood cell count, whole blood CRP, plasma d-dimer, and serum MMP9 levels compared with survivors. Preoperative CRP, d-dimer, and MMP9 levels were significantly higher in patients with ATAAD compared with healthy controls. Positive correlations were observed between CRP and d-dimer, CRP and MMP9, and d-dimer and MMP9 in patients with ATAAD. ROC analysis showed that the combined detection model of CRP, d-dimer, and MMP9 had the highest predictive value for 1year of survival (area under the curve=0.88). Combined measurement of CRP, d-dimer, and MMP9 is associated with 1year of survival in patients with ATAAD.

PORTO-001 study: Changes in the oral microbiome and matrix metalloproteinases in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing definitive chemoradiotherapy.

e18034 Background: Head and neck cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) develop oral mucositis, with varying severity. However, knowledge about risk factors, biomarkers, treatment, and prognosis of oral mucositis is still limited. Methods: We designed an exploratory study to examine the changes in the oral microbiome and salivary and plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in patients with locoregionally advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) undergoing definitive CRT. Patients were followed from screening to week 7 of treatment with CRT, which consisted of 70 Gy/35 fractions of radiation with cisplatin given at 100 mg/m2 q3weeks or weekly 40 mg/m2. Clinical and demographic data were collected at specified timepoints. Samples were collected at screening and on week 4 of treatment with CRT. A tumor swab was collected for microbiome analysis. Blood and saliva samples were collected for measurements of 7 MMPs and 26 other cytokines. The study population was summarized descriptively. The change in the cytokines and the α-diversity of microbiome data (week 4 vs screening) were examined using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: A total of 11 patients were included. Nine (82%) were male. 5 patients (45%) were stage III, and there were 2 patients (18%) for each of stages I, II, and IV. A history of smoking was present in 5 (45.4%) patients. p16 was positive in 9 (81.8%) patients. There was a median weight loss of 7.0% (5.1 kg) between screening and week 7 visits. Almost half (45%) of patients developed grade 2 oral mucositis. All patients developed radiation dermatitis, with most cases ranging between grades 2 and 3. There were no statistically significant changes in the salivary levels of cytokines. However, 1 patient developed clinical oral mucositis before all the other patients, at week 1, and this was associated with an upsurge in the salivary levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-7. For all patients, there were statistically significant changes (median (95% confidence interval)) in the blood plasma levels of IP-10 (-0.1 fluorescence intensity (FI) (-0.3, -0.04), p = 0.01), MIP-1ß (0.2 FI (0.07, 0.5), p = 0.02), SDF-1α (1.4 pg/ml (0.07, 3.7), p = 0.02), MMP-1 (-0.4 pg/ml (-0.5, -0.09), p = 0.01), MMP-3 (0.4 pg/ml (0.03, 0.5), p = 0.02), and MMP-8 (-0.2 FI (-0.3, -0.02), p = 0.04). There was a 29.1% ((-3.0%, -32.8%), p = 0.005) reduction in α-diversity of microbiome at week 4 from screening. Conclusions: In this small series of patients diagnosed with OPSCC, there was a change in the plasma levels of IP-10, MIP-1ß, SDF-1α, MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-8, as well as a reduction in the α-diversity of the oral microbiome. Larger studies are needed to confirm these results. If confirmed, these changes might imply a potential role as predictive or pharmacodynamic biomarkers for oral mucositis.

Serum Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Patients Undergoing Endovascular Intervention for Peripheral Arterial Disease

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a significant role in the development and progression of atherosclerotic vascular disease. The purpose of this study was to measure and document the profile of plasma-circulating MMPs in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) undergoing endovascular revascularization. This was a single-center prospective observational study with 80 patients with PAD enrolled. They underwent percutaneous balloon angioplasty and/or angioplasty with stent. Exclusion criteria were acute limb ischemia, active inflammation, wet gangrene, liver disease, end-stage renal failure, and cancer. Patients that underwent open or hybrid (open and endovascular) approach were also excluded from the study. Venous blood samples were taken preoperatively, 24hr, and 6months postoperatively. The values of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, and their inhibitors (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases [TIMP]), TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were measured. The mean age was 67.1years, and 66 of them (82.5%) were male. During the clinical follow-up (mean 35.8% months), 12 patients died (16.4%), 15 (20.5%) of them had a major adverse limb event (MALE), and 14 (19.2%) of them had a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE). There was a statistically significant rise in the values of MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-7 at 6months postoperatively, when compared to the preoperative and 24hr postoperative values. There was no correlation of MMP and TIMP values with mortality, MALE, and MACE events. The present single-center prospective study documented increased circulating levels of MMPs postoperatively in PAD patients undergoing endovascular treatment. Vascular trauma caused by angioplasty could trigger the expression of MMPs and TIMPs, but the absence of any association with clinical complications requires further investigation.

Plasma Levels of MMPs and TIMP-1 in Patients with Osteoarthritis After Recovery from COVID-19.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPS) play a key role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Recent research showed the involvement of some MMPs in COVID-19, but the results are limited and contradictory. In this study, we investigated the levels of MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10) and TIMP-1 in the plasma of patients with OA after recovery from COVID- 19. The experiment involved patients aged 39 to 80 diagnosed with knee OA. All study participants were divided into three research groups: the control group included healthy individuals, the group OA included patients with enrolled cases of OA, and the third group of OA and COVID-19 included patients with OA who recovered from COVID-19 6-9 months ago. The levels of MMPs and TIMP-1 were measured in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The study showed a change in the levels of MMPs in patients with OA who had COVID- 19 and those who did not have a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Particularly, patients with OA who were infected with coronavirus established an increase in MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, and MMP-9, compared to healthy controls. Compared to normal subjects, a significant decrease in MMP-10 and TIMP-1 was established in both groups of patients with OA and convalescent COVID-19. Thus, the results suggest that COVID-19 can affect the proteolysis-antiproteolysis system even after a long postinfectious state and may cause complications of existing musculoskeletal pathologies.

Effects Of Ginkgo biloba Versus Celecoxib On The Levels Of Oxidative Stress And Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 In Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

To investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba (GB) and Celecoxib on the parameters of oxidative stress (OS) and matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) concentration and the markers of inflammation in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). To achieve the aim of this study, a randomized control trial(RCT) was adopted. A total of 80 patients with KOA were recruited and investigated for parameters of OS which included: malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS) and serum MMP-1 concentration, in addition to measuring the markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The patients were divided into 2 groups namely, the GB plus celecoxib group which consisted of 40 patients(with mean ± SD= 51.10 ± 9.78) and the Celecoxib group which consisted of 40 patients(with mean ± SD=51.47±6.26). The patient groups were followed- up for 8 weeks during which the parameters under study were measured before starting therapies and at the end of the follow-up period using commercially available kits. The patient groups were compared with a control group consisted of 40 apparently healthy subjects. By comparing the concentrations of MDA,TAS and MMP-1 in patients with KOA before and after therapy , there was a highly significant decrease (p<0.001) in serum MDA concentration and a significant decrease (p=0.02) in MMP-1 levels with a highly significant increase (p<0.001) in TAS values after two months use of GB plus celecoxib and celecoxib alone, but with results in favor of the former group. GB plus celecoxib seemed to produce a highly significant decrease (p<0.001) in CRP and ESR compared to celecoxib after two months of therapy. The use of GB plus celecoxib and Celecoxib alone for 8 weeks in KOA patients have beneficial effects on the parameters of OS, MMP-1 and inflammatory markers.

Metalloproteinases and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic condition determined by an altered collagen turnover of the extracellular matrix. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) are abnormally released in patients with HCM. The purpose of this systematic review was to thoroughly summarize and discuss the existing knowledge of MMPs profile in patients with HCM. All studies meeting the inclusion criteria (detailed data regarding MMPs in patients with HCM) were selected, after screening the literature from July 1975 to November 2022. Sixteen trials that enrolled a total of 892 participants were included. MMPs-particularly MMP2-levels were found higher in HCM patients compared to healthy subjects. MMPs were used as biomarkers after surgical and percutaneous treatments. Understanding the molecular processes that control the cardiac ECM's collagen turnover allows for a non-invasive evaluation of HCM patients through the monitoring of MMPs and TIMPs.

Association between lower phase angle and chronic kidney disease progression in type 2 diabetes patients.

Phase angle (PhA), derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), is the angle of vector determined by the body's resistance and reactance. It indicates cellular integrity and hydration status. Though extracellular volume excess was associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, the association between PhA and CKD progression is unknown. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is a member of zinc-dependent endopeptidase family and promotes renal interstitial fibrosis. We investigated association between PhA and CKD progression, and whether the association was through MMP-2 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We conducted a prospective study on 1,078 patients with T2DM (mean age 58.9±9.1 years). PhA was measured using BIA. CKD progression was defined as ≥25% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline with deterioration across eGFR categories. Multiplex immunoassay was used to quantitate MMP-2. We examined association between PhA and CKD progression using Cox proportional hazards model, adjusting for demographics, clinical parameters and medications. Over 8.6 years of follow-up, 43.7% of participants had CKD progression. Compared to tertile 3 PhA (higher level), tertiles 1 and 2 PhA were associated with higher hazards of CKD progression, with corresponding unadjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.80-2.87, P<0.001) and 1.57 (95% CI 1.24-2.01, P<0.001). The positive association between tertiles 1 and 2 PhA with CKD progression persisted in the fully adjusted model with corresponding HRs of 1.71 (95% CI 1.30-2.26, P<0.001) and 1.46 (95% CI 1.13-1.88, P=0.004). MMP-2 accounted for 14.7% of association between tertile 1 PhA and CKD progression. Our findings revealed a previously unobserved association between BIA-derived lower PhA and CKD progression through MMP-2 in patients with T2DM.

Effect of Percutaneous Biliary Drainage on Enzyme Activity of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Patients with Malignant Hilar Obstructive Hyperbilirubinemia.

Background and Objectives. Cholestasis activates complex mechanisms of liver injury and as a result has an increased production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Depending on the stage of liver disease, different matrix metalloproteinases expressions have been detected and could serve as indirect biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets. MMP-9 proteolytic activity has a proven role in both liver regeneration and neoplastic cell invasion in various malignancies. The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate the effect of external biliary drainage on enzyme activity of MMP-9 in the serum of patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction. Materials and Methods. Between November 2020 and April 2021, 45 patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction underwent percutaneous biliary drainage following determination of serum MMP-9 enzyme activity (before treatment and 4 weeks after the treatment) by gelatin zymography. Results. MMP-9 values decreased statistically significantly 4 weeks after percutaneous biliary drainage (p = 0.028) as well as the value of total bilirubin (p < 0.001), values of direct bilirubin (p < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p < 0.001), alanine transaminase (ALT) (p < 0.001), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (p < 0.001). Conclusions. In patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction treated by external percutaneous biliary drainage for cholestasis resolution, a significant reduction in MMP-9 serum values was noted 4 weeks after the treatment.

The association of vitamin D status with oxidative stress biomarkers and matrix metalloproteinases in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

The association of vitamin D status with osteoarthritis (OA) has been demonstrated previously. The current study was performed to examine the association of vitamin D status with oxidative stress markers and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in patients with knee OA. This case-control study was conducted on 124 subjects with mild to moderate knee OA and 65 healthy controls. Demographic data was collected from all participants at baseline. Serum levels of vitamin D as well as markers of oxidative stress including malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), oxidative stress index (OSI), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated for each participant. Furthermore, serum concentrations of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) were measured. The results of the present study indicated that individuals with vitamin D insufficiency had higher levels of MDA, TOS, SOD, and OSI as well as lower levels of PON-1 and TAC. Based on the linear regression analysis, serum vitamin D levels were inversely correlated with MDA, TOS, SOD, OSI, MMP-1, and MMP-13 and positively associated with TAC levels (p < 0.0001). Patients with sufficient vitamin D levels had lower MMP-1 and MMP-13 levels compared to patients with vitamin D insufficiency (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Findings from this study showed a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased oxidative stress and MMPs activity in patients with knee OA.

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase in patients with Alzheimer and mechanism of huangqi granule (astragalus saponins) intervention

This study investigated expression of matrix metalloproteinases in senile dementia patients and mechanism of Huangqi granule intervention. 78 cases of senile dementia patients were selected as observation group from June 2017 to June 2019, while 62 cases of healthy people were enrolled as control group. Blood samples were collected after admission and levels of matrix metalloproteinase 3,9,13 (MMP-3,9,13) were determined. The observation group was randomly and equally assigned into donepezil hydrochloride group and combined drug group. Mental state examination (MMSE) and Boston diagnostic aphasia test (BDAE) were used to compare the two groups. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Dementia Scale (HDS) scores, biochemical index levels and drug safety were also used. MMP-2, MMP-9 and urinary plasminogen activator levels in observation group were higher and ZO-1 was lower than control group along with higher MMP-3,9,13 mRNA levels (p &lt; 0.05) which were reduced after 3 months of treatment. MMSE scale, BDAE, MoCA, and HDS scores in the combined drug group were higher after 3 months of treatment (p &lt; 0.05). The level of NSE (neuron-specific enolase) was higher and SOD level was lower than in the donepezil hydrochloride group (p &lt; 0.05); nausea and vomiting, muscle spasms, insomnia bradycardia and gastrointestinal bleeding incidence in two groups showed no differences (p &gt; 0.05). The intervention of Huangqi granules can improve cognitive function of patients, inhibit matrix metalloproteinase, thereby improving the level of biochemical indicators without increasing the incidence of complications.

Serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 in patients with psoriasis with and without arthritis

Serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 in patients with psoriasis with and without arthritis

Dynamics of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients after STEMI for 4-year prospective observation

Dynamics of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients after STEMI for 4-year prospective observation

Correlation between Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer in Peripheral Blood and Serum MMPs in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.

This research aimed to investigate the expression level of Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) in peripheral blood and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the serum of patients with acute coronary syndrome, and to clarify the relationship between them, so as to analyze the pathogenesis of the coronary syndrome. For this purpose, 232 patients (patient group) with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) diagnosed in the cardiology department of our hospital from May 2020 to March 2021 were collected, and the coronary angiography results of 76 healthy people (healthy group) were collected at the same time, and the index differences between the two groups were compared. First, compare the EMMPRIN expression level of the two groups of subjects, including EMMPRIN on the surface of platelets and monocytes. Second, analyze the difference in MMPs expression level between the two groups, and compare the difference of EMMPRIN and MMPs expression levels in different types of patients according to the disease type. Finally, correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between EMMPRIN and MMPs expression levels in patients, and the ability of mutual regulation between them was analyzed. Results showed that The expression levels of EMMPRIN and MMPs in patients were significantly different from those in healthy patients (P<0.05), and the expression levels of EMMPRIN and MMPs in different types of patients were significantly different (P<0.05). The distribution of coronary plaque in different types of patients was significantly different, and the expression levels of EMMPRIN and MMPs in patients with a different coronary plaque were significantly different (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between EMMPRIN on the platelet surface and MMPs expression in serum, and a positive correlation between EMMPRIN on the monocyte surface and MMPs expression in serum. In conclusion, the peripheral blood EMMPRIN and serum MMPs in patients with acute coronary syndrome were significantly higher than those in healthy people, and the expression of EMMPRIN in patients with the acute coronary syndrome was positively correlated with serum MMPs.

Prognostic value of matrix metalloproteinases in patients with anthracycline-induced heart failure

Highlights. Elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 are associated with the initiation and severity of CHF developed after breast cancer therapy with anthracyclines, which may contribute to cardiac remodeling and the progression of systolic dysfunction. Concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in blood serum serve as predictors of the unfavorable course of anthracycline-induced heart failure.Aim. To assess the role of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9) in the development and course of anthracycline-induced chronic heart failure (CHF) during 24 months of observation.Methods. The study included 114 women 12 months after completion of chemotherapy (CT) for breast cancer and developed CHF. The control group (n = 70) consisted of women (mean age 45.0 [42.0; 50.0] years old) who received doxorubicin as part of chemotherapy, but they did not develop CHF 12 months after completion of chemotherapy. The levels of biomarkers (MMP-2, MMP-9, NT-proBNP) in blood serum were determined using a sandwich immunoassay.Results. Patients with CHF had signs of cardiac remodeling and higher values of NT-proBNP, MMP-2 and MMP-9 (p&lt;0.001) than women from the control group. After 24 months of observation, all patients with CHF were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – women with an unfavorable course of CHF (n = 54), group 2 – women with favorable course of pathology (n = 60). Criteria for the unfavorable course of CHF: the emergence of new or worsening of existing symptoms/signs of heart failure; and/or hospitalization due to HF decompensation; decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction by more than 10%; or an increase in the functional class of CHF by 1 or more. Baseline echocardiographic parameters and NT-proBNP values did not differ in groups 1 and 2. Levels of MMP-2 were higher by 8% (p = 0.017) and MMP-9 by 18.4% (p&lt;0.001) in group 1. In 1 group the level of MMP-2 decreased after 24 months of observation. In group 2 the level of MMP-2 increased by the end of the observation period. MMP-2 levels ≥388.2 pg/ml (sensitivity 46%, specificity 80%; AUC = 0.64; p = 0.013) and MMP-9 ≥21.3 pg/ml (sensitivity 86%, specificity 84.4%; AUC = 0.9; p&lt;0.001) were determined as predictors of an unfavorable course of CHF.Conclusion. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CHF initiated by drugs of the anthracycline class. Elevated levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the blood serum are associated with an unfavorable course of anthracycline-induced CHF and can be recommended when assessing the risk of an unfavorable course of pathology.

Relationship between disease severity and prognostic indicators and matrix metallaproteinase in patients with stable idiopatic pulmonary fibrosis

Purpose: Blood-derived biomarkers have been extensively considered as possible prognostic indicators in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) recently. In order to assess the value of circulating biomarkers in common IPF clinical practice, the study intends to draw conclusions regarding the link between disease severity, prognostic indicators, and serum matrix metalloproteinase in patients with stable idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The study comprised 22 people with an IPF diagnosis that had been verified by a multidisciplinary approach. The sociodemographic details, clinical and radiologic symptoms, pulmonary function tests and the Gender-Age-Physiology (GAP) score were noted. ELISA has been used to research serum MMP concentrations.&#x0D; Results: There is no statistically significant correlation between the Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, MMP 7, MMP 9, and MMP13 and the GAP index and, pulmonary function tests, or disease severity. GAP score was found to be higher in stage 3 in patients with severe disease, in stage 2 in patients with moderate disease, and in stage 1 in patients with mild disease.&#x0D; Conclusion: There are consistent findings in the literature, despite the fact that the association between MMP and IPF prognostic markers, pulmonary function tests, and disease severity could not be seen in this investigation. However, because they could open the door to a cutting-edge treatment strategy, these indicators should be investigated prospectively in larger series.

Study on the Relationship between MMP-2, MMP-9 Gene Polymorphisms, and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer.

Objective The aim of the study is to explore the relationship between matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) gene polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal cancer. Methods From January 2019 to December 2021, 308 patients with colorectal cancer in our hospital were selected to be included in the colorectal cancer group and 300 normal healthy people were included in the control group. We perform genotyping, compare the genotype frequencies between the colorectal cancer group and the control group, calculate the relationship between MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene polymorphisms and disease risk, and analyze the genotype distribution characteristics of colorectal cancer patients with different pathological stages and lymph node metastasis status. The expression levels of serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 in patients with different genotypes were compared. Results The frequency of CC genotype and C gene at the MMP-2 gene−735 (C/T) locus in the colorectal cancer group was higher than that of the control group, and the frequency of TT genotype and T gene at MMP-9 gene−1562 (C/T) locus was a higher control group (P < 0.05). The comparison of genotype and gene frequency distribution of MMP-2 gene−1306 (C/T), −790 (T/G), and MMP-9 gene R668Q and P574R between the colorectal cancer group and the control group (P > 0.05); MMP-2 gene−735 (C/T) locus CC genotype and MMP-9 gene−1562 (C/T) locus TT genotype are dangerous genotypes for colorectal cancer. OR values were 1.490 (95% CI: 1.085–2.047), 1.519 (95% CI: 1.061–2.174); TNM stage III-IV, the proportion of CC genotype and TT genotype at MMP-9 gene−1562 (C/T) locus in patients with lymph node metastasis is higher than that without lymph node metastasis of TNM stage I-II patients (P < 0.05); MMP-2 gene in colorectal cancer patients. Serum MMP-2 levels in patients with CC genotype at 735 (C/T) locus were higher than those with CT + TT genotype, and serum MMP-9 levels in patients with TT genotype at MMP-9 gene−1562 (C/T) locus were higher CT + CC genotype patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion The CC genotype at −735 (C/T) locus of the MMP-2 gene and the TT genotype at−1562 (C/T) locus of the MMP-9 gene are risk genotypes for the development of colorectal cancer.

FEATURES OF EXPRESSION OF GROWTH MEDIATORS AND MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES AT THE LOCAL LEVEL IN PATIENTS WITH LOWER LIMB VARICOSE VEINS, CLINICAL CLASS C4 - C6

The purpose of the research was to study the features of the expression of growth mediators and matrix metalloproteinases in patients with lower limb varicose veins, clinical classes C4-C6. The study included 98 patients. The control group consisted of 102 healthy donors. The levels of VEGF, PDGF, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9), superoxide dismutase, and prolidase were studied. The average value of VEGF in pathologically altered vein (PAV) wall samples was 40.1 ± 6.2 ng/g of protein and was statistically significantly higher - 1.7 times compared with the same value in persons from CG 2 (23.0 ± 5.9 ng/g protein, p=0.001). Patients with lower limb varicose veins (LLVV) showed an inverse correlation between VEGF levels and SOD activity in blood plasma and PAV (r=-0.52; p=0.002 and r=-0.59; p=0.001, respectively). An increase in the level of PDGF correlated with an increase in the oxidative stress index (OSI) in the blood plasma and the PAV wall (r=0.59; p=0.022 and r=0.61; p&lt;0.001). In patients with LLVV, a high level of MMP-9 inversely correlated with the total oxidant capacity (TAC) in blood plasma and in the varicose vein wall (r=-0.48; p&lt;0.001 and r=-0.52; p=0.012). In patients with LLVV, there were statistically significant relationships between prolidase activity and OSI and TAC values ​​in the PAV wall (r=0.62; p=0.003 and r=-0.59; p&lt;0.001). It has been established that VEGF, PDGF, MMPs play a key role in the LLVV pathogenesis; the dynamics of these indicators can be used to predict the effectiveness of surgical treatment and the risk of recurrence.