Matrix Converter Topology Research Articles

Predictive Voltage Control in Multi-Modular Matrix Converters under Load Variation and Fault Scenario

This paper presents a model predictive control (MPC) strategy to regulate output voltages in a multi-modular matrix converter topology for isolated loads. The converter system harnesses power from a six-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) to deliver sinusoidal voltages to a three-phase load, with LC filters positioned at the output of each MC module within the multi-modular scheme. The proposed MPC approach ensures that the output voltages remain within acceptable ranges of magnitude, phase, and frequency, even under load variations and system faults. This control strategy is particularly suitable for uninterruptible power supply systems, microgrids or other applications where voltage regulation is critical. Experimental studies validate the effectiveness of the control strategy under various load conditions, reference voltage changes, and simulated system fault scenarios. The results highlight the robustness and reliability of the proposed voltage control using the multi-modular matrix converter.

Control and Performance Analysis of an Indirect Matrix Converter Fed Triple Star Induction Motor

Efficient operation is a recommended factor in most of industrial applications. In this paper, an indirect matrix converter (IMC) topology is developed and proposed to substitute the classical (AC/DC/AC) three phase converter topologies; where the control strategy is frequently performed with a voltage source inverter (VSI). Large electrolytic capacitors are viewed as hazardous due to their short lifetime compared to ordinary capacitors and power switches, as well as their contribution to the total bulk and weight of the converter. Matrix converters may be the answer to getting rid of the capacitor, shrinking the converter, and improving its efficiency (MC). These advantages are offset by the fact that the (MC) calls for a tricky switching technique based on pulse width modulation, which is prone to commutation failure. The direct frequency conversion using the indirect matrix converter (IMC) with many advantages has appeared as an alternative to these conventional voltage inverters. This study investigates a field-oriented control (FOC) scheme for indirect matrix converter fed triple star induction motor (TSIM). After building the proposed IMC converter topology, an adequate field-oriented control strategy-based space vector modulation (SVM) is proposed and adapted for the control of the triple star induction motor. The FOC technique guarantees flux and torque decoupling while ensuring good operation performance as required in many industrial applications. The obtained numerical simulation results show and confirm the effectiveness of this control scheme.

Reduced sensor based single stage charger with four quadrant capabilities using predictive control

Single stage battery chargers eliminate the DC link capacitor stage between two stage power conversion. In this work, a reduced sensor based four quadrant charger with single stage power conversion is realized with AC–DC matrix converter topology. Although, a small capacitor filter on DC side is used in this configuration, it is only required to supply or absorb high frequency ripple component of the battery current, to prevent the battery from being damaged. The grid current estimation is done using the converter switching model and AC side filter model, leading to the elimination of grid current sensor. The simple model predictive control used here in conjunction with instantaneous reactive power theory, avoids the use of any proportional integral controller, thus making the control scheme simpler. The single stage design increases power density, and the charger’s dependability is increased by the absence of a large electrolytic capacitor. While the battery charges and receives power from the grid, the AC–DC matrix converter used here, performs a voltage bucking function. The simulation results and experimental findings from a lab-developed hardware prototype are used to validate the design and control of the proposed charger.

Topology and Modulation for a New Indirect Matrix Converter to Reduce the Common-Mode Voltage

In this paper, a new indirect matrix converter (IMC) topology with two insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) set in the upper and lower dc-link is proposed to suppress the common-mode voltage (CMV). Meanwhile, two new space vector modulation (SVM) strategies are redesigned to control this topology. The first strategy utilizes the equivalent zero voltage vectors to replace the zero voltage vectors for reducing the CMV, while the second strategy selects and utilizes specific active voltage vectors and equivalent zero voltage vectors to suppress the CMV based on the input current sector. Comparative simulation and experimental research for the two strategies are carried out for the new IMC topology, which validates that the CMV can be reduced to 57.7% or 37.1% of the one in the conventional IMC system. Besides, the proposed new IMC system is experimentally verified that it can keep a satisfied CMV suppression performance when feeding an induction motor. Moreover, the efficiency analysis also indicates that the new topology will not bring in obvious additional power loss under the proposed SVM strategies even though two IGBTs are added in the dc-link.

Matrix Converter: Technology and Application

The matrix converter, which connects the equal phases of source and load directly, is an array of controllable semiconductor switches. Several appealing aspects of this converter have been studied over the past 30 years, from the time it was discovered, coined to applied in the latest progress of power electronics. Since then, other authors have written numerous developments on this subject. The paper analyzes and compiles the important elements of matrix converter operation and establishes the current state of the art in this field of study. The matrix converter's topology, the key control strategies, how bidirectional switches are really used in practice, and commutation schemes are all covered. From the earliest modulations to the most recent, several modulation techniques are covered. Finally, examples of matrix converter applications in various industries are provided. Thus, the paper presents an overview of the Matrix converter which will be referred to as MC.

Matrix Converter Based on Trapezoidal Current Injection

The matrix converter (MC) is a direct ac–ac power converter featuring high power density and high efficiency. However, the conventional MC (CMC) topologies require high control complexity and high transistor capacity, hindering the wide applications. An emerging MC topology (3CI-MC) based on the third-harmonic current injection (3CI) reduces the control complexity, but requires more transistors and a complex clamping circuit. This article proposes the trapezoidal current injection (TCI) technique to form a novel MC topology (TCI-MC), which consists of a line-commutated converter (LCC), a TCI circuit, and a voltage source converter (VSC). Compared with the 3CI-MC, the proposed TCI-MC not only maintains the advantages of simple modulation and independent voltage control but also achieves lower current stress on the LCC part of the circuit. The total transistor capacity (TTC) of the proposed TCI-MC is the lowest among all the considered MC topologies. The clamping circuit is also simplified and the bidirectional switches are eliminated, reducing the implementation cost. Simulation and experimental results have verified the validity of the proposed topology.

Hybrid matrix converter for grid connected multiphase wind generation

ABSTRACT This paper presents a novel multiphase hybrid matrix converter topology dedicated to grid-connected five-phase wind generation. The proposed converter, named Five-phase Ultra-Sparse Series Z-source Matrix Converter (FUSSZMC), aims to facilitate the integration of the five-phase wind turbine generators. This is done by taking into account the improvement of the injected power quality and allowing the fixed output converter voltage level to that of the grid, thanks to the use of the series Z-source, under the variable voltage magnitude of the wind turbine generator, which depends on the wind speed. The proposed space vector modulation as a control strategy for FUSSZMC was detailed, where it was demonstrated that a suitable use of both large and small current vectors improves the input current waveforms. The global model of the proposed system was tested by simulation under Matlab/Simpowersys environment. The obtained results demonstrate clearly the advantages of using FUSSZMC and its modulation strategie. These benefits includea good input and output current waveforms, as reflected by the obtained total harmonic distortion (THD) values, that fall within the range prescribed by international standards. Additionally, FUSSZMC is capable of operating with unity input power factor, regulating input voltages and improving the quality of injected power into the grid.

Power Conversion Systems Enabled by SiC BiDFET Device

The BiDirectional Field-Effect Transistor (BiDFET) can enable circuit topologies requiring four-quadrant switches, that were earlier designed using discrete combinations of MOSFETs, IGBTs, GaN HEMTs, and PiN diodes. The monolithic nature of the BiDFET allows lower device count, smaller switch volume, lower inductance, and simpler packaging, and hence more reliable and commercially viable implementation in power electronics converters. The matrix converter topologies, now feasible using BiDFETs, can eliminate the bulky and unreliable dc link capacitors or inductors required for conventional voltage-source or current-source converters in ac–ac and ac–dc applications. The 1.2 kV BiDFET has the potential to disrupt all the applications utilizing 1.2 kV switches, including electric vehicle (EV) drivetrain, bidirectional EV chargers, industrial motor drives, solid-state transformers, datacenter power supplies, elevator drives, dc microgrids, energy storage grid integration, solid-state breakers, etc.

The BiDFET Device and Its Impact on Converters

The matrix converter topology for direct ac-to-ac conversion offers elimination of the bulky and unreliable d.c. link capacitors used in the popular voltage-source inverter (VSI) with a front-end rectifier. The resulting more compact and higher efficiency implementation is a desirable solution for a wide variety of applications, such as photovoltaic energy generation, motor drives, and energy storage systems.

Dual, Three-Level, Quasi-Z-Source, Indirect Matrix Converter for Motors With Open-Ended Windings

In this paper, a novel variable-voltage, variable-frequency, dual, three-level, quasi-Z-source, indirect matrix converter topology is proposed, including a detailed description of a modulation method and a control strategy for three-phase motors with open-ended windings. The proposed power drive system (PDS) supports bidirectional power flow and has a combined control of DC-link voltage and output AC voltage frequency. Experimentally validation was performed on a 4-kW PDS. For a given supply voltage amplitude and the same power switch voltage rating in the DC/AC converter, the proposed PDS can double the voltage output gain, thus being an interesting solution for high-power applications with motors designed for higher voltages. The proposed PDS topology, modulation method and motor control strategy can reduce the common-mode component, low-order harmonic content, peak values and d <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</i> /d <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</i> of the motor phase voltage, ultimately leading to lower winding insulation voltage stress at low-speed, low-voltage operation, lower harmonic losses in the motor, and ride-through capability over voltage sags in the mains, which are important advantages.

A Novel Three-Step Commutation Method for Direct Matrix Converter Free From Inrush Current and Voltage Error

The direct matrix converter is a well-accepted topology for AC/AC converters. The commutation method should be considered in the direct matrix converter topology to avoid failures caused by the input short circuit and output open circuit during commutations. The conventional three-step commutation method of input voltage not only avoids the aforementioned failures but also removes errors between actual and command output voltage. However, it increases the number of hard switching and the flow of inrush current originating from the mismatch between the turn-on and turn-off delay time of switches. This paper proposes a new three-step commutation method that eliminates inrush current and reduces the number of hard switching. In this way, the conversion efficiency is improved, and circuit hazards caused by inrush current are over. Meanwhile, the proposed commutation method keeps the advantage of canceling the voltage error of conventional three-step commutation. Noteworthy that the proposed commutation method is introduced based on a novel fixed-slope direct duty ratio PWM simplifying the practical implementation. The performance and effectiveness of the proposed method have been verified by simulation and experimental results.

Predictive Control Applied to Matrix Converters: A Systematic Literature Review

Power electronic devices play an important role in energy conversion. Among the options, matrix converters, in combination with predictive control, represent a good alternative for the power conversion stage. Although several reviews have been undertaken on this topic, they have been conducted in a non-systematic manner, without indicating how the studies considered were chosen. This paper presents results from a systematic literature review on predictive control applied to matrix converters that included 142 primary papers, which were selected after applying a defined protocol with clear inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study provides a detailed classification of predictive control methods and strategies applied to different matrix converter topologies. Research findings require to be understood in combination to develop a common understanding of the topic and ensure that future research effort is based on solid premises. In light of this, this study identifies and characterizes different predictive control techniques and matrix converter topologies through systematic literature review. The results of the review indicate that interest in the area is increasing. A number of open questions in the field are discussed.

Improved Third-Harmonic Injection Two-Stage Matrix Converter Topology Based on Decomposition Control of Injection Current

In this article, an improved topology of the third-harmonic injection two-stage matrix converter (3TSMC) is proposed, which not only ensures that the input reactive power control capability is independent of the voltage transfer ratio (VTR) and the load conditions but also achieves high-quality mains current waveforms. To solve the problem of injection current control error in nonunit input power factor operation of 3TSMC, the third-harmonic injection current is decomposed into the active and reactive components, which are, respectively, controlled by the original injection current control bridge arm and an additional bridge arm named reactive power control bridge arm (RB). The maximum current of the inductor of RB is equal to the absolute value of the required input reactive current amplitude and will not increase with the increase of the VTR. The design criteria of the inductor of RB are discussed. To ensure the closed-loop stability under two injection directions, the controller of the injection current reactive component is designed. The effectiveness of the proposed topology and control strategy is verified by the experimental results.

Three-Level Indirect Matrix Converter With Neutral-Point Potential Balance Scheme for Adjustable Speed Drives

To improve the performance and explore a new solution of adjustable speed drive systems, a T-type three-level indirect matrix converter (T3LIMC) topology and its modulation scheme are presented in this article. The presented topology is composed of an <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LC</i> input filter, a current-source rectifier, and a T-type three-level inverter, where the split dc source voltage of the inverter is formed by two input line-line voltages and the neutral-point voltage. A multicarrier-based modulation scheme for the inverter and a specific zero-sequence voltage are also developed, and the desired neutral-point current of the inverter is constructed to compensate for the input currents. Consequently, the balanced neutral-point potential and symmetric sinusoidal input currents are achieved without additional control effort. In addition to advantages such as bidirectional power flow, sinusoidal input–output currents, controllable input power factor, no dc-link energy storage elements, and compact structure, the T3LIMC also improves the output waveform quality by generating the three-level output voltages. Meanwhile, the zero current switching (ZCS) operation of the rectifier helps to improve efficiency. Finally, the functionality and effectiveness of the presented topology and modulation scheme are verified by experimental results.

Fuzzy Logic Based System for Enhanced AC-DC Matrix Converter for Effective Battery Energy Storage System

ABSTRACT This manuscript proposes to improve the use of space vector modulation (SVM) AC-DC matrix converter and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based type I type II switching method to diminish the ripple of DC in this environment. The SVM strategy can optimize the zero vector duty cycle. The Type I and Type II FLC can recognize the error and send the correct signal to identify the pulse. Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) technology is the forefront of power generation and proves to be the most efficient and cost-effective. The ripple current flowing to the battery during charging interacts with the internal resistance of the battery to generate heat (I2R losses). Therefore, excessive ripple current reduces the service life of the battery and requires a high-performance Alternating Current (AC)/Direct Current (DC) matrix converter topology to achieve high efficiency with low ripple current. The AC-DC matrix converter facilitates that the bi-directional interconnection between the utility grid and relatively minimum voltage DC source/load. AC-DC matrix converter generates minimum ripples at DC current and minimal THD at AC current for satisfying grid codes and DC source/load demands. The study also compares the performance of DC current ripple with Current source converter (CSC), Back to Back converter (BBC) and T1-T2 Fuzzy-logic-based switching system for enhanced AC/DC matrix converter. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the proposed enhanced AC-DC matrix converter is more efficient to reduce ripples compared to the existing converters, and controls the power according to the current requirement. The efficiency of the proposed system achieves optimal result of power efficiency. The efficiency of the proposed system is 98%. Also the ripple factor DC link current of the proposed technique for 1mH is 96%, 1.6mH is 78% and 2.5mH is 60%.

On the Potential Contributions of Matrix Converters for the Future Grid Operation, Sustainable Transportation and Electrical Drives Innovation

Matrix converters have been extensively investigated in academia over the last 3 decades. Several review works targeting matrix converter topologies, commutation strategies, modulation and control techniques have been published. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, a review on the potential contributions of matrix converters for applications that are shaping the electric power sector transition towards decarbonization is lacking, namely applications on smart grids, sustainable transportation and electrical drives. This paper presents an extensive literature review on the more relevant research works targeting applications of matrix converters as an enabling key technology for smart and resilient grids, sustainable transportation, and innovation in variable speed electric drives.

Direct matrix converter based on improved quasi‐Z source network

This study proposes a three-phase direct matrix converter (DMC) topology based on an improved quasi-Z source (QZS) network. The proposed topology shows the following features: (i) Improve the voltage transmission ratio of traditional DMC. (ii) The voltage and current on the output side can be affected by the input side to the minimum, which minimises the harmonic content of the output current. (iii) Due to the existence of the improved QZS network, the three bidirectional switches of each output phase bridge arm are turned-on at the same time, which improves the reliability of the system. (iv) The improved QZS network has an input LC filter function, and no additional filter circuit is required on the input side. This study analyses the topological structure of the improved QZS-DMC and elaborates its boost working principle. On this basis, an improved dual space vector modulation strategy with shoot-through zero vector is proposed, which can effectively reduce the loss of the switch tube and improve the output waveform quality of the converter. Simulation and experimental results verify the proposed topology and strategy.

Modeling and simulation of DC to DC boost converter using single phase matrix converter topology

The main objective of this work is to model and simulate DC to DC Boost Converter using Single Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC) topology using MATLAB/Simulink (MLS). The output voltage is controlled by using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique. Four pairs of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) is used as the switching device where for each pair, it is located in parallel and opposite direction. Safe commutation technique is performed in preventing voltage spike at the output. Through the simulation, at switching frequency of 25kHz, the model is able to step up its input voltage about two times larger and all of the results achieved a good agreement with the principle of four quadrant operation. It is also realized that without the implementation of safe commutation technique, spikes were generated and the model is unable to boost its input voltage. All of the selected results from the analysis which includes variation of quadrant, switching frequency, duty cycle and resistive load are presented in this paper.

Improved Predictive Control in Multi-Modular Matrix Converter for Six-Phase Generation Systems

Distributed generation systems are emerging as a good solution as part of the response to the world’s growing energy demand. In this context multi-phase wind generation systems are a feasible option. These systems consist of renewable AC sources which requires efficient and controlled power conversion stages. This work proposes a novel predictive current control strategy that takes advantage of a multi-modular matrix converter topology in the power stage of a six-phase generation system. The proposed method uses a coupling signal between the modules to decrease the error and the total harmonic distortion compared to independent control of each module. Experimental results validate the new control strategy showing the improvement regarding the target parameters.

Model Predictive Control for Indirect Boost Matrix Converter Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator

Indirect boost matrix converter is potentially a great alternative to a back-to-back converter for permanent magnet synchronous generators based distributed generation since it can achieve a voltage-boost functionality without utilizing a bulky DC-link capacitor. Despite the success of the indirect boost matrix converter topology, there still exist some issues in the relevant control structure that must be resolved appropriately. First, the existing controls are grid-following controls, which is incapable of islanded operation. Secondly, the exiting controls generate a highly distorted current waveform, which needs to be suppressed by a passive damping resistor. Moreover, without an energy storage element, the distributed generations have no short-time power reserve unit for providing an inertial power to support the utility. In order to solve these issues, a novel approach based on a modified virtual synchronous control and a finite control set model predictive control scheme is proposed in this paper. The former is adopted to ensure proper operations in both grid-connected and islanded modes and to emulate the virtual inertial response by drawing inertial power from the input source. The latter utilizes multi-controls of real-time variables to avoid complicated coupling between the input side and the output side controls and to grant the indirect boost matrix converter with the capability of providing active filter resonance damping. Comparative studies between the proposed control and its existing counterpart are conducted with several simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC software to demonstrate the superior performances of the proposed strategy. Finally, the proposed control is verified in a scale-down experiment testbed.