Matrix Compounds Research Articles

Ellagitannin evolution of aged Cognac eaux-de-vie; Impact of barrel toasting

The contribution of C-glucosidic ellagitannin-derived compounds to eaux-de-vie quality has been recently demonstrated. However, there is a gap in our knowledge of the content, composition, and evolution of these compounds in this specific matrix. The objective of this study was therefore to carry out an analysis of the kinetics of these compounds, and to study how they are impacted by barrel toasting. For this purpose, barrels representing eight different to asting levels were used to age the same eau-de-vie during the first 18 months. Ellagitannin quantification was carried out by HPLC-QQQ. The results showed that C-glucosidic ellagitannins were extracted during the first 3 months of aging and then decreased, whereas ellagitannin-derived spirit compound concentrations increased throughout aging. In addition, barrel toasting had such an impact on ellagitannin content that barrels were differentiated according to their levels.

Octanol-supported wooden tips as sustainable devices in microextraction: A closer view of the influence of wood matrix

This article describes the use of wooden tips as substrates under a hybrid microextraction format. This format synergically combines the extraction capacities of wood (solid substrate) and an organic solvent (immobilized in the wooden structure). 1-octanol has been selected as solvent as its extraction ability is fully characterized. In fact, the octanol–water partition coefficient is well-reported for many compounds as it is used as a polarity index. In this article, the extraction capabilities of octanol-supported wooden tips have been studied using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as model analytes. Their extraction has been optimized considering the effect of three main variables: pH, ionic strength, and extraction time. The impact of the wood matrix compounds on determining the analytes by mass spectrometry has also been studied. Although the direct infusion-mass spectrometry analysis resulted in a rapid and efficient approach for determining the drugs at therapeutic levels, the ion suppression effect induced by the wood matrix reduces its potential. In this context, liquid chromatography allowed to improve the performance. Working under the optimal conditions (1.5 mL of 1:4 diluted sample, pH 3, 30 min of extraction), the proposed method permits the determination of the drugs with limits of quantification as low as 8–32 µg/L, precision (expressed as relative standard deviation) better than 21.3 %, and accuracy (defined as relative recoveries) in the range of 80 to 114 %.

Treatability evaluation of fourteen aldehyde odorants in drinking water by powdered activated carbon: Influence of odorant's properties on adsorption characteristics

Powdered activated carbon (PAC) was frequently used for removing musty and septic odor-causing compounds in water matrix. However, it is not known if PAC is effective on removing various aldehyde odorants. In this study, the treatability of fourteen aldehyde odorants by PAC adsorption was evaluated comprehensively. The results indicated that most aldehyde odorants' removal rates could reach 90 % after 0.5 h exposure, while adsorption kinetic was better fitted for pseudo second-order model, and adsorption capacity was better fitted with Freundlich model. However, adsorption predictions from these models, which neglected olfactory threshold concentration (OTC), were unsuitable for evaluating that odor caused by aldehyde odorant could be controlled effectively or not. Therefore, treatability value, which considered residual concentration and OTC, was calculated, the result of 0.3– 0.67 suggested they could be removed below OTC effectively by PAC adsorption. Furthermore, the effect of aldehyde odorant's property on adsorption and treatability was studied through Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis. The results indicated that there were not significant correlations between adsorption capacity and aldehyde odorants' properties. Comparatively speaking, treatability had significant and positive correlations with aldehyde odorants' properties including molar refractivity (MR), octanal and water (LogKW), parachar, polarizability and volume (r: 0.860– 0.942, p: 0.000), suggesting that odorant with larger volume, more hydrophobic, higher MR and polarizability would be adsorbed by PAC easily. This is the first study for evaluating adsorption of multiple aldehyde odorants onto PAC completely, which would supply more understanding for controlling aldehyde odorants in drinking water treatment plant (DWTP).

Combining trapped ion mobility spectrometry with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry for analysis of isomeric PDE-5 inhibitor analogs

The detection and identification of phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme (PDE-5) inhibitors in dietary supplements poses an analytical challenge due to the large number of analogs and isomers currently available and the continued introduction of novel analogs. The use of trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) in conjunction with liquid chromatography (LC) and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was explored for the analysis of two groups of isomeric PDE-5 inhibitor analogs using a 5-minute method. Of the eight compounds studied, six were resolved by a combination of LC and TIMS; the two remaining isomers were distinguished by one or more unique product ions in the MS/MS spectrum. The results revealed that separation by LC corresponded to differences in substitution on the piperazine moiety of the PDE-5 inhibitors, while separation by TIMS corresponded to the position of a nitrogen atom in the fused ring region of the molecules. Samples prepared by spiking mixtures of varying amounts of the Group 2 isomers into a representative dietary supplement matrix were analyzed and concentrations determined from the mobility-adjusted extracted ion chromatograms exhibited relative standard deviations of 6.0 % or less for 17 of 20 measurements and recoveries between 80 % and 120 % for all measurements. Quantitative measurements from a short LC gradient were possible due to the reduced chemical background associated with the TIMS separation of co-eluting matrix compounds, which enabled acquisition of rapid and qualitatively relevant broadband collision induced dissociation spectra that didn’t require precursor ion isolation; the reduced chemical background permits non-targeted detection of novel analogs and eliminates the need for a separate method for quantitative measurement.

Microporous surface as a new solution for stent surface modification: A review

The introduction of coronary stents into clinical practice has reduced repeated patient visits compared with balloon angioplasty alone. Also, drug-eluting stents substantially reduced the restenosis incidence. Therefore, later complications related to the implantation of a stent coated with a cytostatic-containing polymer became more relevant. The mechanism of late stent complications is multifactorial. It is mainly due to the body's response to the prolonged indwelling of the drug carrier polymer on the coronary stent's surface. There is a trend towards the return of polymer-free drug coating technologies, which are implemented through certain modifications of stent surfaces for better drug retention and proper drug distribution. It is mainly achieved using drug depots in various reservoirs: grooves, nanoparticles in the matrix compound, micropores, through and blind micro reservoirs, etc. New promising technologies for crystallizing cytostatic drugs or depositing them in specially designed reservoirs show good preclinical and clinical results, comparable or even superior to approved coronary stents. Micropores as carriers for antiproliferative agents on the stent surface are a promising direction to rejecting the use of polymers in stents.

Preparation of Chromium doped uranium nitride via Sol-Gel and Carbothermic reduction

Uranium nitride (UN) has been proposed as an accident tolerant fuel due to its enhanced thermal properties compared to the standard UO2. However, due to its low oxidation resistance, its implementation in water cooled reactors has not been allowed. A method to improve the corrosion resistance involves doping with oxide scale forming elements such as aluminum or chromium. In this work, UN microspheres were produced by an internal gelation method followed by carbothermic reduction and nitridation. Chromium was added as dopant in the solution to produce a homogenous mixture with uranium. The ternary phase (U2CrN3) was observed for the first time in Cr-doped UN microspheres produced via sol-gel and carbothermic reduction. Materials with and without the ternary phase were produced, and a mechanism of reaction was proposed.Chromium precipitations were also observed on the surface of the microspheres produced, indicating low solubility of Cr compounds in the UN matrix. ICP-MS and XRF measurements showed that Cr content is reduced after heating treatments, probably due to evaporation. Additionally, these results showed that Cr in the ternary phase is completely soluble in aqua regia, unlike the Cr in the material without the ternary phase.

New 2D-LC–MS Approaches for the Analysis of In-Process Samples and for the Characterization of mAbs in a Regulated Environment

Biologics, and in particular monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), are an important class of therapeutics, and their market share keeps growing. The production of antibodies is a complex and lengthy process. In-process characterization of the mAb would help in optimizing the production steps. Efficiency in mAb characterization can be obtained by automating analysis and reducing hands-on time. Although mass spectrometry (MS) is an essential technique for detailed characterization of biomolecules, its use is limited to purified samples. However, the hyphenation of an MS system to two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) allows for the analysis of more complex samples. The first dimension of a 2D-LC system can be used to purify the sample from its matrix or separate compounds using mobile phases that are not MS-compatible, whereas the second dimension coupled to MS can be used to desalt or separate the different variants or species obtained on the first dimension. A 2D-LC–MS system installed in a full good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant environment using validated software was used for the characterization of mAbs in complex mixtures at the intact and subunit levels using a Protein A affinity column with no sample preparation steps. In the second application, MS characterization of mAb subunits was made possible by digestion of the mAb online by an immobilized IdeS enzyme. The addition of a disulfide bridge reduction step online led to analyzing smaller molecules to access fine characterization.

Removal of antibiotic cefixime from wastewater using UVC/Sodium persulphate system

Antibiotics are reported to become a problem to the environment. Various treatment technologies have been reported in literature for antibiotics removal from water and wastewater such as physical, biological and chemical treatment techniques. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) having fast reaction rate and strong oxidation capability, also have been received increasing attention for removal of antibiotics. The extensive use of cefixime antibiotic has been simultaneously detected in the environmental systems. The sulfate radical based AOPs are reported to be very effective in elimination of cefixime from wastewater matrix. In the present study oxidant sodium persulphate (SPS) is applied under UVC-16 W, irradiation to remove cefixime from an aqueous solution. The influence of various parameters like cefixime initial concentration (5–30 ppm), SPS dosage (200–1000 ppm), pH (3–11), Temperature (40–70 °C), time (0–120 min) and effect presence of water matrix compounds like sodium bicarbonate, NaCl and humic substances (humic acid) was studied on the percentage removal of cefixime by UVC/SPS system.

Thermal Design Developing for Steam Power Plants by Using Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Technologies

The main purpose of this study is to discuss the possibility of the development of thermal power plants to produce electric power with conventional steam to work as a semi-joint system to exploit an array of solar collectors concentrated type parabolic cylindrical in processing the amount of thermal energy for steam turbine units. The effectiveness of various designs for linking Matrix complexes' solar concentration in the thermal design of the plant steam has been studied in this investigation. As a result of the use of matrix compounds, the CSP study showed the economic efficiency and environmental design of the proposed terms of the amount of savings the lowest in the amount of fuel consumed in the network. The findings show that the decrease in the amount of thermal energy and the amount of environmental pollution from carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides which are produced in the surrounding medium.

False Positive Identification of Pesticides in Food Using the European Standard Method and LC-MS/MS Determination: Examples and Solutions from Routine Applications

The latest standard method for pesticides in food and feed (EN 15662:2018) is now generally used in control laboratories. However, routine analyses of the combination of hundreds of compounds and food matrices highlighted that false positive identification of pesticides in particular food matrices does occur. The aim of the study was to show relevant precedents when thorough investigation was necessary to make a decision on possibly compliant/non-compliant samples. Examples include the pesticide/commodity combination of atrazine-desethyl in date seed coffee, mepanipyrim in parsley root, myclobutanil in white peppercorn, primisulfuron-methyl in herb extract, propham in elderberry, quinoclamine in fennel and tebufenpyrad in dried ginger. These examples, which were presented for the first time, indicated that the identification criteria for some pesticides in certain food matrices, according to the SANTE/11312/2021 guideline, might fail: the general criteria as stable retention time and ion ratio could lead to an incorrect qualification of pesticides. Standard addition was useful not only in compensating for the background during mass spectrometric detection under the confirmatory analysis, but also in the identification process when negligible retention time difference was observed between the analytes and the interfering matrix compounds.

Quantitation of Flavor Compounds in Refill Solutions for Electronic Cigarettes Using HS-GCxIMS and Internal Standards.

New regulations on the use of flavor compounds in tobaccoless electronic cigarettes require comprehensive analyses. Gas chromatography coupled ion mobility spectrometry is on the rise as an analytical technique for analyzing volatile organic compounds as it combines sensitivity, selectivity, and easy usage with a full-range screening. A current challenge is the quantitative GCxIMS-analysis. Non-linear calibration methods are predominantly used. This work presents a new calibration method using linearization and its corresponding fit based on the relation between the reactant and analyte ions from the chemical ionization. The analysis of e-liquids is used to compare the presented calibration with an established method based on a non-linear Boltzmann fit. Since e-liquids contain matrix compounds that have been shown to influence the analyte signals, the use of internal standards is introduced to reduce these effects in GCxIMS-analysis directly. Different matrix mixtures were evaluated in the matrix-matched calibration to improve the quantitation further. The system's detection and quantitation limits were determined using a separate linear calibration. A matrix-matched calibration series of 29 volatile compounds with 12 levels were used to determine the concentration of these substances in a spiked, flavorless e-liquid and a banana-flavored e-liquid, validating the quality of the different calibrations.

A new enzymatic assay to quantify inorganic pyrophosphate in plasma.

Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is a crucial extracellular mineralization regulator. Low plasma PPi concentrations underlie the soft tissue calcification present in several rare hereditary mineralization disorders as well as in more common conditions like chronic kidney disease and diabetes. Even though deregulated plasma PPi homeostasis is known to be linked to multiple human diseases, there is currently no reliable assay for its quantification. We here describe a PPi assay that employs the enzyme ATP sulfurylase to convert PPi into ATP. Generated ATP is subsequently quantified by firefly luciferase-based bioluminescence. An internal ATP standard was used to correct for sample-specific interference by matrix compounds on firefly luciferase activity. The assay was validated and shows excellent precision (< 3.5%) and accuracy (93-106%) of PPi spiked into human plasma samples. We found that of several anticoagulants tested only EDTA effectively blocked conversion of ATP into PPi in plasma after blood collection. Moreover, filtration over a 300,000-Da molecular weight cut-off membrane reduced variability of plasma PPi and removed ATP present in a membrane-enclosed compartment, possibly platelets. Applied to plasma samples of wild-type and Abcc6-/- rats, an animal model with established low circulating levels of PPi, the new assay showed lower variability than the assay that was previously in routine use in our laboratory. In conclusion, we here report a new and robust assay to determine PPi concentrations in plasma, which outperforms currently available assays because of its high sensitivity, precision, and accuracy.

Novel magnetic single-layer nano-MXene as a highly effective adsorbent and new SALDI-TOF-MS matrix for enrichment and rapid determination of p-Phenylenediamine antioxidants in water

A novel magnetic single-layer nano-MXene (SNM@Fe3O4) was prepared for the first time with small size, high surface area, abundant active sites and excellent energy absorption/transfer capability. The combined experimental and theoretical investigation revealed SNM@Fe3O4 could be served as a highly effective adsorbent for enrichment and a new surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (SALDI-TOF-MS) matrix for rapid analysis of p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) antioxidants, a kind of emerging environmental contaminants, in actual water samples from North and South China. The SNM@Fe3O4-based SALDI-TOF-MS approach featured free matrix interference, acceptable linearity (R2 ≥ 0.97), high sensitivity (LOD at ng mL−1 level) and qualified precision (RSD ≤ 8.46 %) for the four PPDs’ detection. The corresponding determined pollution levels also revealed the widespread occurrence of PPDs in Chinese water system. Compared to previous works, SNM@Fe3O4-based method achieved reproducible and more rapid analysis of PPDs in water, demonstrating a considerable potential of our self-synthesized nanomaterial for sensitive analysis of low-concentration organic small-molecule compounds in complicated sample matrix.

Microstructure evolution, IMC growth, and microhardness of Cu, Ni, Ag-microalloyed Sn-5Sb/Cu solder joints under isothermal aging.

In this work, various Cu, Ni, Ag-microalloyed Sn–5Sb/Cu joints, ordinary Sn–5Sb/Cu joints, and low-melting-point Sn–3Ag–0.5Cu (SAC305)/Cu (used for comparison) were prepared, focusing on the influence of Cu, Ni, and Ag on the microstructure evolution, interfacial IMC growth, and microhardness of Sn–5Sb/Cu joint under long-time isothermal aging process. Results showed that the microstructure of microalloyed joints consisted of β-Sn matrix, SbSn, and (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 and Ag3Sn compounds. (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 compounds generated a coarsening effect in the aging microalloyed joints, yet its coarsening speed is significantly lower than the ordinary Sn–5Sb/Cu. Meanwhile, the total IMC layer thickness increased with the rising aging time. A single fine dendritic (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 IMC at the interface of microalloyed joint was observed and evolved into a larger scallop or layer-like duplex IMCs ((Cu, Ni)6Sn5 + Cu3Sn) after the aging. Considering the combined effect of Cu, Ni, and Ag, the microalloyed joints exhibited the improved microstructure relative to ordinary counterparts and low-melting-point SAC305 materials, significantly inhibiting the interfacial IMC growth, especially Cu3Sn. The Cu3Sn IMC thickness and diffusion coefficient in the Sn–5Sb–0.5Cu–0.1Ni–0.5Ag/Cu joint were 0.71–2.81 μm and 0.96 × 10–6 μm·s−2, respectively. Besides, the precipitation strengthening mechanism triggered by the microalloyed elements was extremely obvious and the soldering and aging joints revealed superior microhardness values of 20–35 HV. This could effectively improve the application range of Sn–5Sb-based materials in higher-temperature package conditions such as third-generation semiconductors.

Microbial communities and processes in biofilters for post-treatment of ozonated wastewater treatment plant effluent

Ozonation is an established solution for organic micropollutant (OMP) abatement in tertiary wastewater treatment. Biofiltration is the most common process for the biological post-treatment step, which is generally required to remove undesired oxidation products from the reaction of ozone with water matrix compounds. This study comparatively investigates the effect of filter media on the removal of organic contaminants and on biofilm properties for biologically activated carbon (BAC) and anthracite biofilters. Biofilms were analysed in two pilot-scale filters that have been operated for >50,000 bed volumes as post-treatment for ozonated wastewater treatment plant effluent. In parallel, the removal performance of bulk organics and OMP, including differentiation of adsorption and biotransformation through sodium azide inhibition, were carried out in bench-scale filter columns filled with material from the pilot filters. The use of BAC instead of anthracite resulted in an improved removal of organic bulk parameters, dissolved oxygen, and OMP. The OMP removal observed in the BAC filter but not in the anthracite filter was based on adsorption for most of the investigated compounds. For valsartan, however, biotransformation was found to be the dominant pathway, indicating that conditions for biotransformation of certain OMP are better on BAC than on anthracite. Adenosine triphosphate analyses in the media-attached biofilms of the pilot filters showed that biomass concentrations in the BAC filter were significantly higher than in the anthracite filter. The microbial communities (16S rRNA gene sequencing) appeared to be similar with respect to the types of organisms occurring on both filter materials. Alpha diversity also exhibited little variation between filter media. Beta diversity analysis, however, revealed that filter media and bed depth substantially influenced the biofilm composition. In practice, the impact of filter media on biofilm properties and biotransformation processes should be considered for the design of biofilters.

Effect of halophilic bacteria on reducing chloride-ion concentration in mortars

• A new biological mortar was developed to enhance the salt damage resistance. • Halophilic bacteria were used for decomposing chloride compounds in concrete. • Halomonas venusta is favorable for reducing the chloride-ion concentration. • We confirmed that the activity of bacteria in the hardened cement matrix. • We verified the potential of the developed mortar as a biomimetic material. The present pioneering study examines the significance and limitations of biological mortars originally developed to enhance the salt damage resistance of concrete. Three strains of halophilic bacterium are isolated considering the decomposition mechanism of bacteria for chloride compounds in the cement matrix, thereby reducing the chloride ion concentration in the mortar. Test results showed that Halomonas venusta exhibited a good potential in reducing the chloride-ion concentration in mortars exposed to salt attacks, indicating a lower chloride-ion diffusion coefficient and lower amounts of Friedel’s salt by consuming the chloride ions as an energy source for its activity and growth.

Rat Hepatic Stellate Cell Line CFSC-2G: Genetic Markers and Short Tandem Repeat Profile Useful for Cell Line Authentication.

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are also known as lipocytes, fat-storing cells, perisinusoidal cells, or Ito cells. These liver-specific mesenchymal cells represent about 5% to 8% of all liver cells, playing a key role in maintaining the microenvironment of the hepatic sinusoid. Upon chronic liver injury or in primary culture, these cells become activated and transdifferentiate into a contractile phenotype, i.e., the myofibroblast, capable of producing and secreting large quantities of extracellular matrix compounds. Based on their central role in the initiation and progression of chronic liver diseases, cultured HSCs are valuable in vitro tools to study molecular and cellular aspects of liver diseases. However, the isolation of these cells requires special equipment, trained personnel, and in some cases needs approval from respective authorities. To overcome these limitations, several immortalized HSC lines were established. One of these cell lines is CFSC, which was originally established from cirrhotic rat livers induced by carbon tetrachloride. First introduced in 1991, this cell line and derivatives thereof (i.e., CFSC-2G, CFSC-3H, CFSC-5H, and CFSC-8B) are now used in many laboratories as an established in vitro HSC model. We here describe molecular features that are suitable for cell authentication. Importantly, chromosome banding and multicolor spectral karyotyping (SKY) analysis demonstrate that the CFSC-2G genome has accumulated extensive chromosome rearrangements and most chromosomes exist in multiple copies producing a pseudo-triploid karyotype. Furthermore, our study documents a defined short tandem repeat (STR) profile including 31 species-specific markers, and a list of genes expressed in CFSC-2G established by bulk mRNA next-generation sequencing (NGS).

A Sufficient Condition for $k$-Contraction of the Series Connection of Two Systems

The flow of contracting systems contracts 1-dimensional parallelotopes, i.e., line segments, at an exponential rate. One reason for the usefulness of contracting systems is that many interconnections of contracting sub-systems yield an overall contracting system. A generalization of contracting systems is $k$-contracting systems, where $k\in\{1,\dots,n\}$. The flow of such systems contracts the volume of $k$-dimensional parallelotopes at an exponential rate, and in particular they reduce to contracting systems when $k=1$. It was shown by Muldowney and Li that time-invariant $2$-contracting systems have a well-ordered asymptotic behaviour: all bounded trajectories converge to the set of equilibria. Here, we derive a sufficient condition guaranteeing that the system obtained from the series interconnection of two sub-systems is $k$-contracting. This is based on a new formula for the $k$th multiplicative and additive compounds of a block-diagonal matrix, which may be of independent interest. As an application, we find conditions guaranteeing that $2$-contracting systems with an exponentially decaying input retain the well-ordered behaviour of time-invariant 2-contracting systems.

Replacement in angiogenesis research: Studying mechanisms of blood vessel development by animal-free in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches.

Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is an essential process determining numerous physiological and pathological conditions. Accordingly, there is a high demand for research approaches allowing the investigation of angiogenic mechanisms and the assessment of pro- and anti-angiogenic therapeutics. The present review provides a selective overview and critical discussion of such approaches, which, in line with the 3R principle, all share the common feature that they are not based on animal experiments. They include in vitro assays to study the viability, proliferation, migration, tube formation and sprouting activity of endothelial cells in two- and three-dimensional environments, the degradation of extracellular matrix compounds as well as the impact of hemodynamic forces on blood vessel formation. These assays can be complemented by in vivo analyses of microvascular network formation in the chorioallantoic membrane assay and early stages of zebrafish larvae. In addition, the combination of experimental data and physical laws enables the mathematical modeling of tissue-specific vascularization, blood flow patterns, interstitial fluid flow as well as oxygen, nutrient and drug distribution. All these animal-free approaches markedly contribute to an improved understanding of fundamental biological mechanisms underlying angiogenesis. Hence, they do not only represent essential tools in basic science but also in early stages of drug development. Moreover, their advancement bears the great potential to analyze angiogenesis in all its complexity and, thus, to make animal experiments superfluous in the future.

Analysis of imidazolium ionic liquids in biological matrices: A novel procedure for the determination of trace amounts in marine mussels

Imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) are chemical compounds beginning to be used on a mass scale. Although their presence in the environment is usually treated as only potential threat, there are already first evidences that this has become a real case. Taking into account their increasing use it might be expected that this problem will also increase in the nearest future. Given that some of the imidazolium cations exhibit high potential for bioconcentration, it is likely that they will accumulate in the tissues of wild organisms. Thus, there is no doubt that monitoring the presence of these compounds in organisms from potentially contaminated waters will be needed. Therefore, the aim of our study was to develop and fully validate a novel and reliable analytical procedure for the determination of the mixture of imidazolium ILs in Mytilus trossulus mussels. For this purpose, different extraction techniques were tested such as: microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), accelerated-solvent extraction (ASE) and bullet-blender homogenization (HOMO). Finally, the proposed procedure is based on the application of MAE technique for the extraction of imidazolium cations and SPE technique using Oasis HLB cartridges for the purification of the obtained extracts and LC-MS/MS technique with QqQ analyzer for their final determination. Absolute recoveries of the proposed analytical procedure reached 71–90%. The developed procedure is characterized with low limits of quantification, at 50–100 ng g−1 dry tissue and allows for reliable determination of trace amounts of the tested compounds in complex biological matrix. Matrix effects obtained for the optimized procedure ranged from 7.8 to 37.5%. As a result, this is the first study presenting the analytical procedure for the analysis of imidazolium ILs in aquatic animal tissues.