Matrilineal Kinship System Research Articles

Moderation of Madhhabs in West Sumatra Towards Hadhanah of Minors Whose Mothers Remarry

This study examines the implementation of the fiqh madhhab of West Sumatran society regarding the hadhanah rights of minors whose mothers remarry. The study aimed to map the moderation of the West Sumatran madhhab of society, known as the Shafi'i madhhab. This research uses qualitative methods with a sociological approach to law. Seventeen cases were found in 3 research locations: Pariaman, Luhak Agam, and Luhak Fifty Cities. The location was chosen because it is an area with a higher level of moderation than other regions in West Sumatra. The location of this study was determined using a purposive random sample technique. In the people of West Sumatra, the right of hadhanah remains with the mother, even if the mother remarries. This opinion is in harmony with that of the Maliki Madhhab. The matrilineal kinship system in Minangkabau also supports this: the child belongs to the mother and her family. When the mother's father is divorced, the child follows his mother. However, in 3 cases, it was found that the father took away the rights of a minor whose mother remarried. Basically, the people of West Sumatra have practiced the moderation of mazhab. This is evident from their practice, where they indirectly practice the diversity of mazhab opinions in the case of hadhanah of minors whose mothers remarry.

Relationship Between Customs and Religion in Minangkabau Society Shown in The Works of Hamka

The Minangkabau community, known for its devout religiosity, is unique in its adherence to a matrilineal kinship system, which differs from the patrilineal teachings of Islam. This article explains the relationship between customary law, Islam, Minangkabau society in Hamka's works.The findings not only show how the relationship between customs and religion manifest themselves in Minangkabau society, as shown in the works that are the subject of this study, but also include a critique of this relationship. Hamka argues through his works that the relationship embodied in the Minangkabau concept, namely syarak bersanding adat, adat bersanding kitabullah (religion alongside custom, custom alongside the Book of Allah), is not yet an ideal concept because it is not dominated by Sharia. As a result, the customary system still leads to discrimination, not only against outsiders but also among community members themselves, regarding the regulation of marriage and inheritance

Determinasi Sosial dalam Memilih Pasangan Hidup Melalui Perkawinan Nyentana pada Masyarakat Hindu di Bali

Nyentana marriage has both positive and negative impacts on sentana rajeg. Although nyentana marriage in Bali supports gender equality, sentana rajeg faces significant challenges in implementing a matrilineal kinship pattern amidst patrilineal dominance, leading to difficulties in choosing a life partner. The aim of this study is to describe the current condition of nyentana marriage, analyze the forms of social determination experienced by sentana rajeg, and explore the social practices undertaken by sentana rajeg in seeking a life partner. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-explanatory and descriptive-exploratory approach. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, observation, and document studies. Data analysis is conducted based on social practice theory. The study finds that the acceptance of nyentana marriage among the Balinese Hindu community is relatively slow due to the social stigma of "paid bangkung," issues of caste differences, conflicts of rights and obligations, and the loss of inheritance rights for men post-nyentana marriage. Sentana rajeg experiences social determination in choosing a life partner due to the need to fulfill various aspects such as religious norms, adjustment to the matrilineal kinship system, the necessity to find a partner from the same caste, demands for stability, and geographical limitations in finding a partner. According to social practice theory, to establish the habitus of nyentana marriage, sentana rajeg must distribute various capitals within a limited arena.

Cultural Capital of Minangkabau Nomads in the 2019 Legislative Election in Indonesia

This study examined the cultural capital possessed by Minangkabau nomads as the candidates of the DPR-RI Legislature in the 2019 Legislative Elections. Minangkabau is one of the ethnic groups in Indonesia which maintains a matrilineal kinship system and a tradition of merantau (travelling in pursuit of success). Merantau becomes a significant investment used by Minangkabau nomads to gain vote support for their candidacy as a member of the DPR-RI legislature in electoral political contestation, including the 2019 Legislative Election. The study utilized a qualitative descriptive method to collect data through interviews and documentation studies. The study results revealed that the figure of Minangkabau nomads candidates possessed the cultural capital and were able to manage this cultural capital to succeed in gaining significant victories in their respective constituency. The cultural capital of Minangkabau nomads could be seen from the two figures of Minangkabau nomads legislative candidates, namely Fadli Zon and Jon Erizal, including the institutionalized tradition of merantau, and the role Tungku Tigo Sajarangan (the traditional leaders) in the matrilineal kinship system. Through adequate cultural capital, the Minangkabau nomads were able to secure a big victory in their respective electoral districts.

The Role of Minangkabau and Batak Families in Medan

Background. The family has a pattern of relationships or rules of behavior and is a social institution that has a system of norms and procedures for completing important tasks. The family is an important social institution in Indonesia, where the family has a set of norms and rules to accomplish important tasks in the family. Families play an important role in shaping a person's character and social behavior in society. The main task of the family is to pass on traditions, attitudes, behaviours and values by creating an environment conducive to positive interaction and socialization between the child and their environment. The Minangkabau community in Indonesia, originating from West Sumatra, has a matrilineal kinship system, which emphasizes childcare by the mother and guidance from the mother's brothers. In contrast, the father's role is to provide for the family. The Batak community has a patrilineal kinship system, where kinship relationships are based on the father's lineage. In Batak tradition, men have a higher status than women, and only men are allowed to make decisions in family discussions.
 Methods. This study is quantitative in nature using descriptive methods. The population of this study was 600 Minangkabau families and 480 Batak families in Medan with a sample of 169 people, of which 86 people from the Minangkabau tribe and 83 people from the Batak tribe. The technique used in this study was purposive sampling. The research instrument used a questionnaire.
 Results. The results showed that mothers from the Minangkabau tribe were in the very good category at 73.3% and the Batak tribe respondents were in the very good category with a total of 72.3%.
 Conclusion. The role of mothers from the Minangkabau and Batak tribes is in the excellent category.
 Keywords: Mother's Role, Family, Minangkabau, Batak

Penyelesaian Sengketa Waris Tanah Pusako Tinggi sebagai Tanah Adat melalui Pengadilan Agama Kelas 1a Padang

Indonesia is a country that has ethnic and cultural diversity, this becomes an advantage as well as a weakness if the government is not able to develop rules and policies that represent the needs of its citizens.This can be seen in the system of inheritance distribution in Indonesia which adheres to three systems of inheritance law, namely Customary Inheritance Law, Islamic Inheritance Law and Indonesian Civil Inheritance Law. The legal system of heirs is influenced by the kinship system owned by a region. Indonesia knows 3 (three) kinship systems, namely matrilineal, patrilineal and parental kinship systems. The matrilineal kinship system sees the maternal lineage, the patrilineal kinship system sees the paternal lineage, and the parental kinship system sees the maternal and maternal lineage. The Minangkabau are a growing tribe in West Sumatra Province, where the people adopt a matrilineal kinship system, a kinship system and the Inheritance is inherited according to the lineage of the Mother. This means that boys and girls and their families, including racism mother, who inherited the property. Basic on decision No 292 / K / Ag / 2019 that the origin of the land on the decision proved to be the executor of Appeal, but still devolved court Religion. This is contrary to the West Sumatra Regional Regulation No. 16 of 2008 Article 12 paragraph 2 on Ulayat Land and its Use, if the peace decision is not accepted by the disputing party as referred to in paragraph 1 then the disputing parties may take the matter to the District Court. It is clear that the regulation states that the Religious Court does not have the authority to examine and adjudicate matters a quo. Inheritance of High Estate in Minangkabau is only regulated in the provisions of customary law which sometimes when there is a dispute over the division of heirs of High Estate, often overrides the provisions of customary law in resolving disputes so that in its application some rules even make the essentials of High Estate reduced or even lost.

Sex-biased parental investment and female wealth accumulation in ancient California.

The mortuary record at Middle Period site Kalawwasa Rummeytak (CA-SCL-134) (2600-1225 cal BP) in California's southern Santa Clara Valley shows pronounced wealth inequality; Olivella shell bead wealth, as well as other grave goods, are concentrated in the burials of several older adult females. The concentration of wealth among women, along with regional strontium isotopic evidence of male-biased residential shifts in early adulthood, suggests a matrilineal kinship system that practiced matrilocal post-marital residence patterns. We suggest local resource enhancement effects incentivized keeping women in their natal communities and investing more in female offspring. With the consent of, and in collaboration with, the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe of the San Francisco Bay Area, this paper employs isotopic analysis (δ15 N and δ13 C, 86 Sr/87 Sr) to examine duration of exclusive breastfeeding, weaning age (complete cessation of breastmilk consumption), early childhood diet, and lifetime residential mobility of individuals interred at Kalawwasa Rummeytak to test the assumption that the site inhabitants favored matrilocality and that female offspring received greater levels of investment in groups with female wealth/status attainment. First molars, third molars, and bone was sampled from 22 individuals. The average weaning age for females at Kalawwasa Rummeytak is 36.3 months ± 9.7 (1 SD), or just over 3 years. The average weaning age for males is 31.2 ± 7.9 months (1 SD), or about 2.6 years. Infants at the site were provisioned with supplemental foods dominated by C3 plants and terrestrial herbivores, as well as anadromous fish. After weaning, individuals consumed a diet dominated by acorns, C3 plants, and terrestrial herbivores, with periodic inclusion of anadromous fish. 30% of the sampled population of females exhibit local first molar 87 Sr/86 Sr values, suggesting that Kalawwasa Rummeytak is their natal community. None of the males interred at the site are locals. Despite the small sample size often unavoidable in archaeological contexts, we find possible female-biased parental investment strategies. Cessation of breastfeeding (weaning) was, on average, 5 months earlier for males compared to females. There are no differences between females and males in the consumption of supplemental or post-weaning foods. Strontium data suggest a flexible postmarital residence system that favored matrilocality. This may have incentivized greater investment in female offspring.

THE EXISTENCE OF CUSTOMARY INHERITANCE LAW NORM DEVELOPMENT IN JURISPRUDENCE SUPREME COURT

Customary inheritance law is affected by three kinship systems, which are patrilineal kinship, matrilineal kinship and parental kinship. These three kinship systems have their own characteristics that are typically traditional ones. Traditional customary inheritance law norms in the patrilineal kinship system explain that only male descendants are heirs in the distribution of their parents' inheritance. Meanwhile, women (daughters and widows) are not heirs of their parents/fathers or husbands. On the other hand, the norms of traditional customary inheritance law in Minangkabau with a matrilineal kinship system, which is from the mother or female line, are basically male descendants and female descendants of their mother's property. The father's property is inherited by his sisters and nieces. The norms of inheritance law in the parental kinship system do not distinguish between the position of sons and daughters. Therefore, both sons and daughters have the same rights in the distribution of inheritance from their parents. The development of customary inheritance law norms can be affected by the decisions of judges or the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court. The research method used normative legal research, which refers to legal norms regulated in laws and regulations, literature, expert opinions in order for the researchers to obtain information related to legal issues. Normative legal research is legal research conducted by examining literature or secondary legal materials as basic material to be researched by conducting searches of regulations, jurisprudence or judges' decisions and literature related to the issues discussed.

Kinship practices in Early Iron Age southeast Europe: genetic and isotopic analysis of burials from the Dolge njive barrow cemetery, Dolenjska, Slovenia.

DNA analysis demonstrates that all seven individuals buried in an Early Iron Age barrow at Dolge njive, southeast Slovenia, are close biological relatives. Although group composition does not suggest strict adherence to a patrilineal or matrilineal kinship system, the funerary tradition appears highly gendered, with family links through both the male and female line being important in structuring communities. We explore the implications for our understandings of kinship and funerary practices in Early Iron Age southeast Europe.

Modalities of Minangkabau Migrant Legislative Candidates in the 2019 Legislative Election

This research discusses the modalities in the victory of migrant Minangkabau candidates in the 2019 Legislative Election. Minangkabau is one of the ethnic groups in Indonesia synonymous with a matrilineal kinship system and an institutionalized tradition of migrating. Migrating is a valuable capital utilized by Minangkabau migrant Legislative Candidates to gain support for votes in electoral contests. The research was conducted on two Minangkabau migrant Legislative Candidates who took part in the contestation in the Legislative Elections for the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia. The research method is qualitative with a case study type. Data were collected through interviews with Minangkabau migrant candidates, voting communities, and people involved in winning candidates, such as traditional leaders and the Minangkabau community in the realm and overseas. The results of the research concluded that Fadli Zon (Gerindra Party Legislative Candidate, Electoral District of West Java V) and Jon Erizal (National Mandate Party Legislative Candidate, Electoral District of Riau I) as two of the Minangkabau migrants, the legislative candidates for the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia succeeded in utilizing existing social capital and successfully elected in the 2019 Legislative Election 2019 contestation overseas. Both are considered to have good leadership figures, able to carry out the mandate, and caring, humane, and responsible individuals. Joined in the same social entity, namely the network of Minangkabau migrants who gather through the Minangkabau migrant community, the Minangkabau Family Association. Fadli Zon became General Chairman of the Central Executive Board of the Minangkabau Family Association, and Jon Erizal served as Vice General Chairman of the Riau Minangkabau Family Association. Besides building intensive communication with the community in the election contestation.

REICHE FRAUENGRÄBER DES 1. JAHRTAUSENDS V. CHR. IN SÜDWESTDEUTSCHLAND

Rich female graves in southwestern Germany are only recognisable archaeologically from about 600 B.C. onwards. During the Urnfield Culture and the Hallstatt C phase, male burials predominate among the rich graves. The earliest known female graves from the Western Hallstatt Culture to contain gold artefacts come from burial mounds 4 and 2 of the Bettelbühl cemetery near the Heuneburg. Furthermore, the discovery of tumulus 4, which contained a "princess grave" and the burial of a small girl, indicates that social rank and status at the Heuneburg were hereditary by at least the early 6th century BC.
 The female graves of the Bettelbühl necropolis represent the start of an early Celtic tradition which last for more than 250 years. One of the last examples of this tradition being the grave from Waldalgesheim, which dates to the decades around 300 BC. From the middle of the 2nd century BC onwards rich female graves are only sporadically attested in southwestern Germany.
 The rich female graves of Southwest Germany may be interpreted as representing members of an emerging aristocratic ruling class. The social importance and power of some women, which is attested archaeologically, was probably based on a matrilineal kinship or inheritance system. The archaeological sources indicate that these prominent women also held political and religious offices, and exercised power in their own right.

How Meaning of Life Correlates with Emptiness Syndrome of Minangkabau Elderly Women

The matrilineal culture in Minangkabau, West Sumatra, is a culture that is thick with emancipation values and the teachings of feminism. The matrilineal kinship system contains the importance of gender equality and justice, both philosophically and in terms of implementation. However, in reality, there has been a shift in the pattern of social responsibility towards women's parents who should have the position of bundo kanduang. The change in the way of social responsibility is marked by the number of parents being put into nursing homes. Psychological conditions related to emptiness syndrome and self-significance in elderly women need to be analyzed. This study involved 40 elderly women who live in social institutions in West Sumatra. This study concluded that there was a significant negative relationship (P value = 0.011) between the meaning of life and emptiness syndrome, which was a -0.396 Pearson correlation.

Assimilation Of Customs With Islamic Law In Minangkabau Customary Inheritance Law

It is generally known that the Minangkabau community adheres to a matrilineal family system, which means attracting bloodlines from the mother or woman. Departing from the matrilineal kinship system embraced by the Minangkabau indigenous peoples, causing some things that are harmonized in religion because if someone dies, then the most entitled to get the inheritance is ashãb al-furũd Deangan can be known that the amount of division between Islamic law and the customary law of the Minangkabau indigenous people is very contradictory. Research methods use normative juridical legal research methods, normative juridical law research research that uses the source of literature collected to be researched and analyzed and with this type of approach through legislation. The result is that the assimilation of minangkabau customs with Islam occurs gradually, called (tadriij) or effolusion peacefully, which at first reads ”RUMAH BASANDI BATU,ADAT BASANDI ALUA JO PATUIK” turned into“ADAT BASANDI SYARAK, SYARAK BASANDI KITABULLAH, AL QURAN” . Minangkabau knows several heirlooms, namely high heirlooms, low heirlooms, Sako-sako, and Hak ulayat. The high heirlooms of his heirs are family members of the maternal lineage while for low inheritance, passed down under Islamic inherited law.

The Development of Inheritance Customary Law For The Heirs of Girls According To The Patrilineal Kinship System

Inheritance law in Indonesia is still plural, this happens because Indonesia does not yet have a National Inheritance Law that applies to all Indonesian people. In connection with the absence of the law, in Indonesia there are still three (3) kinship systems, i.e. the kinship system, the parental kinship system and the matrilineal kinship system. Additionally, through the Decree of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia dated November 1, 1961 Reg No. 179/K/Sip/1961 which states that the girl and boy of a joint heir are entitled to inheritance in the sense that the share of boys is equal to that of girls. The problems in this research are 1) how to development of inheritance distribution practices for inheritance to girls in the patrilineal kinship system 2) how is the direction of development of customary inheritance law towards inheritance to girls in the patrilineal kinship system? This study uses research methods with a normative approach. The results showed that the practice of dividing inheritance for inheritance to girls in the patrilineal kinship system has undergone changes in several factors that effect the development of changes in indigenous peoples, including education, overseas/migration, economic and religious factors as well as social court decisions. 2) The direction of development of customary inheritance law towards inheritance to girls in the patrilineal kinship system began with the issuance of Supreme Court Decision Number 179K/Sip/1961 and has moved towards a patrilineal system that provides equality towards equality and rights for boys and girls because it is influenced by human factors, justice and equality between men and women.

THE THIRD SPACE AND THE ROLE OF BUNDO KANDUANG IN RUMAH GADANG

Minangkabau is a tribe in West Sumatra with a matrilineal kinship system, which draws lineage based on the mother's ethnicity. Therefore, women are the main characters in the tribe. Minangkabau women who are married, wise, and elder are called Bundo Kanduang, who have duties and obligations to carry out. Given the importance of the role of Bundo Kanduang, it is necessary to know how the role of Bundo Kanduang can be carried out in the Rumah Gadang, both physically/real and non-physical/imaginary. The research method used is an ethnographic method with a qualitative analysis approach using the theory of the third space from Edward Soja. Based on the analysis, it was found that the activities of Bundo Kanduang in carrying out its role have been facilitated in the Rumah Gadang, both physically and non-physically, even beyond what is known as third space.

SISTEM KEWARISAN MENURUT HUKUM ADAT MASYARAKAT SUKU TALANG MAMAK

The customary legal system of the Mamak Tribe community with a matrilineal kinship system. The division of the inheritance system according to the customary law of the talak mamak tribe adheres to the matrilineal system and the combination between the individual inheritance system and the collective inheritance system. The division of inheritance is done by ninik mamak of the heirs. First, high estate, low estate (livelihood / livelihood) should be separated from the property of the husband and wife, after which the division of this inheritance property can be distributed to the heirs. When a dispute arises, it is first resolved as a family through deliberation. Dispute Resolution on the Rights of the Mamak Tribe Women According to the Dispute over the rights of the Mamak Tribe Women will be brought to a deliberation within the Talang Mamak Tribunal if no agreement is found in the family, then a resolution is requested in the Mamak Tribal Tribal Customs procedure. The parties involved in resolving the dispute over the women's rights of the Talang Mamak Tribe include: the Head of the Tribe, as well as all the customary leaders in the institution.

Relasi Gender Pada Perkawinan Antar Etnis: Studi Kasus Perempuan Minangkabau

Gender relations on inter-ethnic marriage (Minangkabau Women's Case Study). Inter-ethnic marriage in Indonesia is a strategy in strengthening the integration of the nation in the modern era. Minangkabau as one of the big ethnicities is included on thissocial facts. One of the driving factors is merantau tradition. The culture of merantau allows Minangkabau people then interacts with various ethnicities and nations. Meanwhile, women in Minangkabau have a special role because they adhere to the matrilineal kinship system. They can carry out marriage with ethnicity and other tribes outside Minangkabau and maintain their traces at the same time. This cultural factor strengthens marriage patterns and affects the family formation process. The attitude of women in inter-ethnic marriage relations also plays a role in solving problems in the family. This paper discusses how Minangkabau women's strategy in inter-ethnic marriage relations in Indonesia? What factors affect Minangkabau women in choosing a partner who comes from outside the tribe? The research method used is qualitative by using the framework of the theory of feminism on the freedom and separation of the realm of Public and Private. Research uses Minangkabau women's samples who carry out marriage with the Batak, Java and Sundanese tribes that have been going on for more than ten years. The results of the study found that Minangkabau women could play an active and independent role in inter-ethnic marriage bonds. This attitude is in line with the views of feminism who emphasize freedom in choosing and acting, and the absence of separation between public and private spaces .

The holistic needs of women with hysterectomy: A grounded theory study

The objective of study is to qualitative assess for identify the holistic needs of childbearing age women with hysterectomy. This study use grounded theory qualitative study method. The participants in this study were six childbearing age women post hysterectomy, husbands, family members, and three healthcare workers. This study was conducted in West Sumatra Province with Minang culture which adheres to matrilineal kinship system. The results of this study there are seven elements that develop concept of holistic needs on women with hysterectomy. Consists of the need to deal with sexual problems and pain, to be cared by the family, to be more active, to improve relationships with God and self-acceptance, and community values to accept women with hysterectomy. The needs of women with hysterectomy were holistic needs. Nurses can do assessments to understand holistically the needs of women with hysterectomy.

RUMAH GADANG : RUANG DAN BUDAYA MAKAN DALAM SIKLUS HIDUP MASYARAKAT MINANGKABAU

Padang restaurants with specialty food rendang represent the Minangkabau's eating culture. The effect of modernization and media social in the eating culture has indistinct the origin of Minangkabau's eating culture and leads to the uniformity of design, mostly its space and physical elements in the traditional building. Whereas in the roots, eating activities according to the Minangkabau custom still carried out, such as Makan Bajamba. It is essential to study the origin of Minangkabau space and eating culture before learning design development. The main problem is how the relationship between space and eating culture in the life cycle of Minangkabau society carried out at Rumah Gadang. By using a mix-method, a qualitative approach is a case study at Rumah Gadang Istana Rajo Alam Tuanku Disambah and quantitative approaches using space syntax analysis on the dimensions of connectivity and integrity. Data were from literature studies, interviews, and direct observations on how Rumah Gadang facilitated eating activities. The result shows that Rumah Gadang effectively assisted the eating culture in the life cycle of its people. The space configuration in the process of eating activities is following the roles of women and men based on a matrilineal kinship system. The seat position rules for Minangkabau men from the matrilineal kinship system divided Ruang Lepas into smaller areas, marked by walls, columns, and seprah clothes. All space of eating activities is a social space where interactions took place as a reflection of Minangkabau customs. The space syntax analysis clarifies the relationship between space and eating activities based on the matrilineal kinship system and the social interactions that occur with the space used. For future research, the space syntax analysis is useful as a perspective to learn the relationship between space and culture.

How children of divorce interpret the matrilineal kinship support in changing society? : A phenomenology study from Minangkabau, West Sumatra, Indonesia

ABSTRACT The child’s welfare in the matrilineal society is become the maternal kinship responsibility, while the father’s role in the family nonexistent. This situation makes children avoid parental divorce'snegative impacts because they still have maternal relatives as the primary social support source. But the results of research on the Minang community in West Sumatra, Indonesia, show a shift in the role of the members of the matrilineal kinship system, which makes the father’s role more strength for children. This phenomenon leaves the question of whether the kinship system still functions as a social support source for children of divorce. The study was conducted using a qualitative interpretative phenomenology analysis approach involving three Minangnese participants from divorced families. This study aims to reveal social support in the matrilineal kinship system based on experiences and interpretations as children of divorced families. The main question posed is, “How do participants interpret social support received from members in the matrilineal kinship system such as grandmothers, mother’s siblings, and siblings after parental divorce?” The results reveal two themes, “Paradox in receiving support from the extended maternal family” and “The nuclear family as primary support with different expectations for each member.” The results are discussed in the frame of shifting the role in the matrilineal kinship system in Minang.