MATLAB Simulation Research Articles

Large Scale Ultrafast Manufacturing of Wireless Soft Bioelectronics Enabled by Autonomous Robot Arm Printing Assisted by a Computer Vision-Enabled Guidance System for Personalized Wound Healing.

A Customized wound patch for Advanced tissue Regeneration with Electric field (CARE), featuring an autonomous robot arm printing system guided by a computer vision-enabled guidance system for fast image recognition is introduced. CARE addresses the growing demand for flexible, stretchable, and wireless adhesive bioelectronics tailored for electrotherapy, which is suitable for rapid adaptation to individual patients and practical implementation in a comfortable design. The visual guidance system integrating a 6-axis robot arm enables scans from multiple angles to provide a 3D map of complex and curved wounds. The size of electrodes and the geometries of power-receiving coil are essential components of the CARE and are determined by a MATLAB simulation, ensuring efficient wireless power transfer. Three heterogeneous inks possessing different rheological behaviors can be extruded and printed sequentially on the flexible substrates, supporting fast manufacturing of large customized bioelectronic patches. CARE can stimulate wounds up to 10 mm in depth with an electric field strength of 88.8 mVmm-1. In vitro studies reveal the ability to accelerate cell migration by a factor of 1.6 and 1.9 for human dermal fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, respectively. This study highlights the potential of CARE as a clinical wound therapy method to accelerate healing.

Enhancing load frequency control and automatic voltage regulation in Interconnected power systems using the Walrus optimization algorithm.

This paper introduces the Walrus Optimization Algorithm (WaOA) to address load frequency control and automatic voltage regulation in a two-area interconnected power systems. The load frequency control and automatic voltage regulation are critical for maintaining power quality by ensuring stable frequency and voltage levels. The parameters of fractional order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FO-PID) controller are optimized using WaOA, inspired by the social and foraging behaviors of walruses, which inhabit the arctic and sub-arctic regions. The proposed method demonstrates faster convergence in frequency and voltage regulation and improved tie-line power stabilization compared to recent optimization algorithms such as salp swarm, whale optimization, crayfish optimization, secretary bird optimization, hippopotamus optimization, brown bear optimization, teaching learning optimization, artificial gorilla troop optimization, and wild horse optimization. MATLAB simulations show that the WaOA-tuned FO-PID controller improves frequency regulation by approximately 25%, and exhibits a considerable faster settling time. Bode plot analyses confirm the stability with gain margins of 5.83 dB and 9.61 dB, and phase margins of 10.8 degrees and 28.6 degrees for the two areas respectively. The system modeling and validation in MATLAB showcases the superior performance and reliability of the WaOA-tuned FO-PID controller in enhancing power system stability and quality under step, random step load disturbance, with nonlinearities like GDC and GDB, and system parameter variations.

Improved Kalman Filtering Algorithm Based on Levenberg–Marquart Algorithm in Ultra-Wideband Indoor Positioning

To improve the current indoor positioning algorithms, which have insufficient positioning accuracy, an ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning algorithm based on the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm with improved Kalman filtering is proposed. An alternative double-sided two-way ranging (ADS-TWR) algorithm is used to obtain the distance from the UWB tag to each base station and calculate the initial position of the tag by the least squares method. The Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is used to correct the covariance matrix of the Kalman filter, and the improved Kalman filtering algorithm is used to filter the initial position to obtain the final position of the tag. The feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm are verified by MATLAB simulation. Finally, the UWB positioning system is constructed, and the improved Kalman filter algorithm is experimentally verified in LOS and NLOS environments. The average X-axis and the Y-axis positioning errors in the LOS environment are 6.9 mm and 5.4 mm, respectively, with a root mean square error of 10.8 mm. The average positioning errors for the X-axis and Y-axis in the NLOS environment are 20.8 mm and 18.0 mm, respectively, while the root mean square error is 28.9 mm. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm has high accuracy and good stability. At the same time, it can effectively improve the convergence speed of the Kalman filter.

Optimizing EV fast charging infrastructure: integrating high-gain interleaved converter with advanced MPPT

ABSTRACT Modernizing the Electric Vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure is essential for the widespread adoption of electric mobility. This research addresses the imperative need for enhancing the power performance of photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected inverters for EV fast charging applications. The system integrates Voltage-Oriented Control (VOC) for the PV inverter, a High-Gain Interleaved (Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter) SEPIC-Cuk (HGISC) converter, and a Bald Eagle Search Optimized Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (BESO-ANFIS)) algorithm. VOC with Proportional Resonant (PR) ensures optimized energy transfer to grid, while the HGIBC converter enhances power performance. The proposed BESO-ANFIS Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) dynamically tracks the PV array’s Maximum Power Point (MPP) under varying conditions. Additionally, a bidirectional battery converter in the energy storage system optimizes power usage. The synergistic implementation of these advanced controller results in a comprehensive solution, showcasing improved power output, grid integration, and efficient solar energy utilization for EV fast charging. MATLAB simulations and experiments demonstrate 97% efficiency and reduced Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of 0.98%, positioning this research as an advanced solution for EV charging infrastructure enhancement.

Wireless routeing scheme for UAV-assisted access networks based on the link path loss

ABSTRACT In this work, a group of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is aimed to function as relay nodes that provide a multi-hop wireless link between ground users. The communication route between the sender and receiver is established with awareness of the link path loss between the cooperating UAV relay nodes. Then, Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm is used to find the optimal route that has the minimum total path loss among all other possible routes. MATLAB simulation results show a high-performance gain when using Dijkstra’s algorithm for establishing the communication route compared with the baseline approach in which the route is formed based on the shortest-distance path through the UAV relay nodes. It is worth mentioning that both shadow fading and nonfading radio environments were taken into account. Moreover, the performance is further improved when the standard deviation of shadow fading increases. The work also investigates the probability of selecting each of the UAV nodes in forming the multi-hop link considering the total simulated realizations. Here, it is shown that more variability is observed in the indexes of the traversed UAV nodes when routeing through a random fading environment compared to a nonfading environment.

Synchronization Analysis of Coupled Fitzhugh Nagumo Dynamical Systems

Synchronization plays a pivotal role in understanding various natural events. Understanding this concept with reference to a biologically inspired dynamical model of a neuron is also essential. It is basically a rhythm adjustment phenomenon and a consequence of the coupling between the individual units. In the present work, we aim to derive sufficient conditions for the synchronization of coupled Fitzhugh Nagumo Dynamics using Lyapunov stability analysis. In particular, a non-smooth Lyapunov function based upon the geodesic distance between respective states of coupled systems has been chosen as the Lyapunov function, and the concept of upper Dini-derivative has been utilized to calculate the derivative of the Lyapunov function along the error dynamics. The negative definiteness of the derivative of the Lyapunov function gives sufficient coupling gain for synchronization. The findings are verified on the Matlab simulation platform. The results should help to enhance the knowledge of neural dynamics.

A framework to model charge sharing and pulse pileup for virtual imaging trials of photon-counting CT

Objective.This study describes the development, validation, and integration of a detector response model that accounts for the combined effects of x-ray crosstalk, charge sharing, and pulse pileup in photon-counting detectors.Approach.The x-ray photon transport was simulated using Geant4, followed by analytical charge sharing simulation in MATLAB. The analytical simulation models charge clouds with Gaussian-distributed charge densities, which are projected on a 3×3 pixel neighborhood of interaction location to compute detected counts. For pulse pileup, a prior analytical method for redistribution of energy-binned counts was implemented for delta pulses. The x-ray photon transport and charge sharing components were validated using experimental data acquired on the CdTe-based Pixirad-1/Pixie-III detector using monoenergetic beams at 26, 33, 37, and 50 keV. The pulse pileup implementation was verified with a comparable Monte Carlo simulation. The model output without pulse pileup was used to generate spatio-energetic response matrices for efficient simulation of scanner-specific photon-counting CT (PCCT) images with DukeSim, with pulse pileup modeled as a post-processing step on simulated projections. For analysis, images for the Gammex multi-energy phantom and the XCAT chest phantom were simulated at 120 kV, both with and without pulse pileup for a range of doses (27-1344 mAs). The XCAT images were evaluated qualitatively at 120 mAs, while images for the Gammex phantom were evaluated quantitatively for all doses using measurements of attenuation coefficients and Calcium concentrations.Main results.Reasonable agreement was observed between simulated and experimental spectra with Mean Absolute Percentage Error Values (MAPE) between 10%and 31%across all incident energies and detector modes. The increased pulse pileup from increased dose affected attenuation coefficients and calcium concentrations, with an effect on calcium quantification as high as MAPE of 28%.Significance.The presented approach demonstrates the viability of the model for enabling VITs to assess and optimize the clinical performance of PCCT.

Nonlinear Control of Photovoltaic (PV) Solar-Powered Centrifugal Pump for Irrigation System: A Case Study of Fadak Farm in Karbala

Abstract In both the agricultural and industrial sectors, pumping water is essential. Due to its arid climate, our Saharan area has a substantial solar energy resource, making constructing a PV solar irrigation system possible. Given solar resources' unpredictable and intermittent nature, it is imperative to set up a system that permits optimal usage. This study aims to design and simulate a solar pumping system's effective nonlinear direct torque command. A solar generator provides an asynchronous three-phase machine coupled to a centrifugal pump as part of the system. MPPT monitors the boost converter via duty cycle. The solar generator's functioning at full power will be ensured. The first uses PSO in the MPPT system to supply the motor pump with three phases of power. The second one employs direct torque command (DTC) to regulate the operation of a centrifugal pump coupled with an induction machine. More advancements will be made to the DTC scenario. The proposed mathematical model of the solar irrigation system was simulated using a MATLAB simulation environment, adopting accurate data provided by Fadak Farm. The maximum power extracted from PV tends to peak at 280 Wp with the assistance of particle swarm optimization that energizes the use of the centrifugal pump for the proposed irrigation system. It is evident from numerical simulation results based on accurate input data that the power extracted from PV solar is positively affected by solar radiation and surface temperature variations. It is clear from simulation results that the speed of three–phase I.M motor converges to 22.5 rad/sec, and water flow pumping by centrifugal is decreased and increased, converging to 7.5 *10-8 m/s with the variation of solar irradiance.

Path planning strategies for logistics robots: Integrating enhanced A‐star algorithm and DWA

AbstractPath planning is the key part in the process of transportation conducted by logistics robots, and there often exist some problems with it. The path designed is not always smooth enough and its search efficiency is low, for example. As a common global path planning algorithm, A‐star is based on the traditional algorithm, which is unable to solve the problem of uneven path in the movement of logistics robots. Through improving the heuristic function of the traditional A‐star algorithm, weighing the heuristic function dynamically, removing the redundant points of the traditional star algorithm path with Floyd algorithm, and setting a safe distance to prevent the logistics robot from collision at the same time, the path is finally curved to be more appropriate to the movement path of the logistics robot. The MATLAB simulation of A‐star algorithm before and after the improvement shows that the turning points of the advanced A‐star algorithm reduced 61.5% on average compared to the traditional algorithm. The path length decreased 2.4% and the traversing points reduced 58.5%. At the same time, the DWA algorithm introduces dynamic weight coefficients, which can dynamically adjust the weight coefficients when encountering obstacles, so as to safely reach the target point.

Research on the trajectory tracking method of aircraft towing systems based on nonlinear control

Abstract In this paper, for the towing problem of wheeled aircraft, an automatic control method is proposed based on the nonlinear control theory, which realizes the trajectory tracking of the aircraft by controlling the velocity of the towing point of the aircraft, so as to realize the aircraft’s outbound and inbound operations. Firstly, based on the nonholonomic constraint theory, the mathematical model of the aircraft towing system is established, and the kinematic relationship between the aircraft towing point and the aircraft is obtained. Then, a controller is designed based on the nonlinear control theory, and the stability analysis is carried out using the Lyapunov method to realize the trajectory tracking of the aircraft traction system. Finally, the effectiveness and accuracy of the control method are verified by the combination of MATLAB simulation analysis and scaled-down model experiment. The results show that the proposed control method can realize the trajectory control of the aircraft towing system.

Optimizing the function of aircraft WiFi based on the Internet of Things

Abstract. This paper explores the potential of full-duplex wireless communication technology to mitigate interference in aircraft WiFi systems, thereby enhancing the internet access quality and passenger experience. The study focuses on the application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology to improve the resilience of aircraft WiFi systems against interference. Through a series of MATLAB simulations, the research demonstrates that full-duplex technology can effectively cancel out interference signals, leading to clearer and more stable communication quality. The results show that the combined signal, after cancellation, closely resembles the original communication signal, indicating a significant reduction in interference. Despite the promising results, the study acknowledges limitations such as idealized assumptions in the simulation, hardware and software constraints, and the lack of consideration for the complex electromagnetic environment encountered during actual flight operations. Future research should focus on developing more advanced interference detection and mitigation algorithms, and further investigation into the integration of full-duplex technology with existing aircraft WiFi systems, considering hardware constraints and environmental factors, is necessary to fully realize its potential in enhancing communication performance.

Evolutionary Game Analysis of Electric Vehicle Distribution Entities with Shared Charging Facilities

This study investigates the evolutionary game dynamics among electric vehicle distribution entities in the context of shared charging facilities, addressing the critical issue of inadequate charging resources. To understand the behavior of different stakeholders under government incentive policies, we develop an evolutionary game model involving a government department and two logistics enterprises (A and B). Through stability analysis, we explore equilibrium conditions of evolutionarily stable strategies (ESSs) for the tripartite evolutionary game. To ensure the robustness of our findings, we conduct a MATLAB simulation analysis to validate the analytical results. Our findings highlight that government subsidies, the costs incurred by logistics enterprises to share charging facilities, and the additional distribution income derived from this sharing are critical in determining whether the evolutionary game can achieve a stable equilibrium state. This research enables logistics companies to optimize the use of charging resources, lower operating costs, and enhance delivery efficiency. Additionally, government subsidy policies play a crucial role in encouraging logistics enterprises to engage in charging facility sharing, thereby fostering the sustainable development of the entire logistics industry. Based on these insights, the paper offers practical recommendations to further promote the sharing of charging facilities in electric vehicle distribution.

MEMS capacitive pressure sensor: analysis, theoretical modeling, simulation and performance comparison of the effect of a conical notch

Abstract Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) pressure sensors are widely used in various applications due to their high sensitivity, low power consumption, and compactness. This work involves the design and simulation of a MEMS-based Touch Mode Capacitive Pressure Sensor (TMCPS). The proposed sensor is based on a substrate with an integrated conical notch featuring a circular diaphragm, aiming to enhance the key performance parameters of the sensor. The integration of a conical notch in the substrate increases the touch area between the diaphragm and substrate compared to the literature, ensuring increased capacitance and capacitive sensitivity. In this work the mathematical analysis of deflection of a circular diaphragm employing thin plate theory, capacitance, and capacitive sensitivity, along with step-by-step explanations, is provided. The results are obtained from MATLAB simulations. The deflection of the diaphragm is validated through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using COMSOL Multiphysics. The proposed work demonstrates a significant improvement in sensor sensitivity compared to the existing literature.

Three-Phase Bridge Fully-Controlled Rectifier Circuit Design Based On Digital Integrated Circuits

This paper aims to design and analyze a three-phase fully controlled bridge rectifier circuit. The paper first introduces the basic principles and advantages of the three-phase fully controlled bridge rectifier circuit and then elaborates on five key aspects of the design: transformer design, thyristor selection, thyristor protection design, trigger circuit design, and trigger circuit power supply design. During the design process, parameters such as the motor’s rated power, voltage, current, and resistance were considered to ensure that the selection of thyristor parameters and protective measures meet the needs of practical applications. In addition, the paper discusses the design of synchronous transformers, phase selection, the application of the KJ004 trigger circuit, and the design of the trigger circuit power supply. Finally, the circuit was simulated using Matlab simulation tools, the circuit design was optimized, and satisfactory pulse waveforms and output waveforms were obtained by adjusting the experimental time. The research in this paper provides theoretical basis and practical guidance for the optimized design of three-phase fully controlled bridge rectifier circuits.

Optimization of PID Control of a Snake Robot’s Winding Crawling Motion

This paper explores the application of PID control to the winding crawling motion of a snack robot. Snack robots, mimicking the movement of real life limbless reptile, are designed with ultiple connected segments equipped with actuators and sensors, enabling them to navigate complex environments. The study aims to optimize the ground crawling behavior and obstacle avoidance f the snake-like robot using MATLAB simulation software. Initially, the robot’s joints were modeled in SolidWorks, and their degrees of freedom were programmed in MATLAB’s Simulink to enable controlled rotation. The PID control system was added to manage the robot’s motion, ensuring smooth and accurate crawling.

Evaluation of the effect of viscosity on blood flow using viscosity models

The study of blood hemodynamics and rheological properties, particularly blood viscosity, is essential for understanding and treating certain cardiovascular conditions. Blood is a non-Newtonian fluid, meaning its viscosity varies with shear rate, a behavior driven by the aggregation and deformation of red blood cells (RBCs). Accurate modeling of blood viscosity is therefore critical for simulating blood flow in both physiological and pathological states. In this work, various viscosity models were assessed to identify the most suitable that represents the blood’s behavior in relation to shear rate. Although the Newtonian model is simple, it fails to capture the non-Newtonian characteristics of blood, particularly at varying shear rates. In comparison, the Power Law, Walburn-Schneck, and Carreau-Yasuda models offer more detailed and complex approaches to modeling blood viscosity. The Effect of blood viscosity on the overall blood flow was evaluated based on the four viscosity models. The work was carried out in a MATLAB Simulation Environment. The Volumetric blood flow rate was evaluated from the Poiseuille’s equation using three viscosity models whose values were defined by shear rates ranging from (217.5 – 226.5)s−1 . The percentage change in the blood volume resulting from changes in the viscosity was examined for each model. The two viscosity models (Power and Carreau models) concurrently reported equal percentage change of blood flux variation with the corresponding variation of the viscosity due to change in shear rate. This shows that any of the two models can be used to study the variation of blood flow to the viscosity with respect to cardiovascular complications.

Phase disposition PWM control topology based: A novel multilevel inverter with reduced switch for power electronics applications

In the field of industrial drive applications, a neutral point clamped multilevel inverter (NPC MLI) is an extensively used option. The NPC MLI architecture involves more number of components for higher level and higher switching frequency operation. In this work paper, a novel three-phase 3-Level MLI is proposed evading the usage of clamping diodes and quadratic switches. Additionally, phase disposition pulse width modulation (PD-PWM) control technique is also employed for the proposed MLI. In comparison to NPC MLI, proposed MLI reduces the voltage switching stress as only one switch is operated per inverter leg. Another feature is that there is a considerable reduction in power losses as the current flows only through fewer elements. The proposed 3L inverter topology is explored thoroughly using the MATLAB simulation model. The evaluation of results is also demonstrated concerning the proposed PD-PWM technique by comparing its performance with the conventional sinusoidal PWM method. The Real-Time hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulator is also used to validate the simulation outcomes of the proposed model.

Inverse dynamics analysis of 4-DOF stacking robot with closed chain structure

A four-degree-of-freedom PR1300 stacking robot with two parallel quadrilateral structures connected in series at the shoulder was designed. The hybrid robot with local closed chains has the characteristics of compact structure, high stiffness, and high modularity. To solve the dynamic problem of the hybrid robot. Firstly, by analyzing the induced relationship between joints, the stacking robot with a local closed chain structure is transformed into two branch chain mechanisms, and the kinematic model of the robot is established using the D-H parameter method. Secondly, the Kane method is applied to model the dynamics of the two branch chains separately, and the rigid body dynamics Kane equation of the entire 4-DOF stacking robot with a closed chain structure is obtained through the augmented matrix. Finally, the SolidWorks Motion mechanical simulation platform and MATLAB software were used to program dynamic simulations and numerical calculations, and the results were compared to verify the correctness of the dynamic theory derivation. This theory provides a necessary theoretical basis for the subsequent synthesis of robot dynamic scales.

Positioning anti-sway control method for tower crane based on improved MFAC

A model-free adaptive control (MFAC) based on partial format is proposed for the complex modeling and uncertain model parameters of the tower crane (TC) in this paper. Firstly, considering the complexity of the TC nonlinear system, the data model of the TC is obtained through the partial format dynamic linearization method. Then, a model-free adaptive controller is designed for the TC, incorporating the change rate of the tracking error and its derivative into the objective function to address the inefficiency of traditional model-free controllers in controlling TCs. The convergence and stability of the proposed controller are also proved. To further improve the dynamic performance of the system, a tracking differentiator (TD) is introduced after the input signal. Finally, MATLAB simulation and experiments are conducted to verify that the proposed method can achieve precise trolley positioning while suppressing the load swing angle.

Design Considerations for Power-Efficient Fully Integrated 3:1 Switched Capacitor DC-DC Converter for PV Modules

This article presents a power-efficient DC-DC converter based on a switched-capacitor (SC) cell in power management systems supplied for fully integrated photovoltaic (PV) modules. These modules shall provide high-performance point-of-load voltage regulation. The primary objective of this study is to better utilize capacitance and switches by selecting a proper SC topology in order to improve the power efficiency of SC converters. A general steady-state performance model is investigated to optimize and compare a variety of SC DC-DC topologies. The investigation method relies on a charge-multiplier approach and considers the impact of area constraint on capacitors. To identify the most suitable topology for a given conversion ratio, the performance-limit metrics of SC converters are calculated. The analysis provides framework to determine optimum switch size and switching frequency for a two-phase 3:1 series–parallel converter for a target load current of 10 mA implemented on a 22 nm process technology. The results shows that a minimum of 250 MHz switching frequency is desirable for achieving a target efficiency greater than 85% while maintaining the minimum output voltage of 0.34 V. The analysis results are verified through MATLAB and PSpice-based simulations.