Mathura City Research Articles

Seismic hazard assessment of Mathura city (India): A deterministic approach

Seismic hazard assessment of Mathura city (India): A deterministic approach

Designing and simulation of a grid-connected solar plant in Mathura city region employing PVsyst

Existing electricity generation methods are ecologically unsustainable due to the industrial revolution's massive population growth and digitalization. The photovoltaic (PV) simulation tool is crucial for forecasting the solar system's energy output. The objective of this research is to simulate the feasibility of establishing a PV system isolated with batteries in Mathura, India, where the research is taking place to measure solar radiation and examine the technical and economic components of the PV system for generating domestic electrical energy requirements. The program has been implemented by PVsyst software. The amount of electricity that is added to the grid is 100.95 MWh. In the intended location, the Si-poly (polycrystalline silicon) PV system's typical performance ratio is 72.35%. From March to October, the most electrical energy was generated. The temperature of the solar field, which was 7.69%, was the primary cause of the losses observed in the research.

Occurrence of Depression and its Association with Oral Health in Elderly People Living in Old Age Homes of Mathura.

Depression can affect oral health as a result of neglecting oral hygiene procedures which leads to an increased risk of dental caries and periodontal disease. To determine relationship between oral health and depression among elder people residing in old age homes of Mathura city. The study was conducted among 500 subjects aged ≥60 years where dental condition, number of missing teeth, removable denture wearing, teeth mobility, periodontal condition, pocket depth, loss of attachment, and depression according to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale were assessed. Regression analysis showed a positive relationship of the PHQ-9 value with DMFT and MT. Among people aged 60 years and over, severity of depression increased with higher number of MT and DT.

Quality evaluation and safety assessment of buffalo milk collected from Mathura city

The present study was carried out for quality and safety assessment of buffalo milk collected from five different areas of Mathura city viz. Holigate (H), Sadar (S), Aurangabad (A), Chungi (A) and Township (T). The milk samples were collected from dairy shops, vendors and milk producers and evaluated for various organoleptic tests, Physico-chemical properties, proximate estimation and microbiological studies by following the standard procedures. Among organoleptic tests, Chungi (80%) and Township (90%) samples had a more clear appearance than Holigate (30%), Sadar (40%) and Aurangabad (60%) areas. There were 40, 60, 80, 90 and 100% samples which were white in color, in H, S, A, C and T areas respectively. The normal consistency of milk was observed in 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90% samples in H, S, A, C, and T area. There were 40, 50, 70, 80 and 90% samples that had a normal odor in H, S, A, C, and T respectively. The COB test was positive in 40, 30, 20, 10 and 0% samples of H, S, A, C and T regions respectively. The temperature, pH and specific gravity were lower though titrable acidity was higher than the normal prescribed limit in all milk samples. All the proximate parameters showed significantly (P<0.05) difference between buffalo milk samples. Among proximate parameters, moisture content were comparatively higher; however other parameters (protein, ash, total solids) showed lower values than the normal prescribed range. The formalin adulteration was detected in 50, 30, 10, 10 and 0% milk samples from H, S, A, C, and T areas. All buffalo milk samples were negative for other preservatives, neutralizers, and adulterants. The microbial load of all milk samples were higher than normal prescribed limit in terms of SPC, DMC, Coliform count as well as Staphylococcus count.

Depression, anxiety and stress levels among medical and dental students: а cross sectional study

Introduction. In medical and dental colleges increased levels of psychological disturbances such as depression, anxiety and stress (DASS) among students which affect the way these students take care of patients. By identifying necessary modifications can be made to improve the quality of life among medical and dental students.The aim of this study is to assess DASS among undergraduate medical and dental students in Mathura city, Uttar Pradesh, India.Material and methods. The medical and dental college students from K.D. Medical College and K.D. Dental College students were included. A short questionnaire version of depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) was distributed and filled by students. Comparison among the variables was done using independent t-test with significance at p < 0.05.Results. The study group comprised 415 subjects, 164 (39.51 %) males and 251 (60.48 %) females. Among them 297 (71.56 %) were medical students and 118 (28.43 %) were dental students. Out of a total of 297 medical students, the severity of overall DASS score was 38.8 ± 10.2 while depression score was 12.6 ± 4.0, anxiety score was 13.0 ± 4.1, stress score was 13.2 ± 4.3. Out of a total of 118 dental students the severity of overall DASS score was 37.8 ± 11.1 while depression scores was 12.2 ± 4.2, anxiety score was 12.9 ± 4.0, stress score was 12.7 ± 4.5. The overall mean DASS score and its dimensions were not significant based on gender.Conclusions. Clinical years were more stressful than the nonclinical years. This suggests a need for special attention to the structure of the clinical program, particularly at the point of transition from the preclinical to the clinical phase.

Spatio-temporal variation and health risk associated with trace element concentrations in groundwater of Mathura city using modified indexing approach

Spatio-temporal variation and health risk associated with trace element concentrations in groundwater of Mathura city using modified indexing approach

Oral health assessment and associated lifestyle behaviors among adults in Mathura city: a cross-sectional study

Background: Oral health is recognized as an important aspect of an individual’s general health and quality of life. Impairment of oral health diminishes the quality of life. The aim of the study was to assess the oral health (the number of natural teeth, pain or discomfort on teeth, having dentures), oral health behaviors (e.g., using toothbrush, dental flossing, and toothpaste containing fluoride) and lifestyle behaviors (e.g., sugar consumed, tobacco, alcohol) of people living in Mathura city, Uttar Pradesh.Methods: This study was cross-sectional study conducted at K. D. Dental College and Hospital, Mathura. Pre-validated WHO oral health questionnaire was used to assess oral health, lifestyle and oral health behaviors of the study participants. Face to face interview sessions were conducted with consenting individual participants to ensure transparency and consistency, to reduce interviewer and misclassification bias. Results: Total 550 participants were participated, in which 272 (100%) participants of 18-35 years of age group had 20 teeth or more. Majority of the participants had reported average status of teeth and gums. More than half of the participants were unaware of fluoride containing tooth paste i.e.; 122 (89.1%) participants of 36-50 years age group and 107 (75.9%) participants of 51-65 years age group.Conclusions: Although majority of the Mathura adults considered their oral health status good, only a small population considered their oral health status poor. Use of oral hygiene aids such as toothpick, dental floss etc., was limited in participants.

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Traumatic Dental Injuries Among 12–15 Year Old School Going Children, Mathura City

Background: Traumatic dental injuries are a serious public dental health problem throughout the world. The incidence of traumatic injuries is increasing over the years. Trauma to the permanent anterior teeth is a common finding. Dental trauma is an irreversible pathology that after the occurrence is characterized by a life-long debilitating effect. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and assess factors related to traumatic injuries to permanent anterior teeth among 12–15-year-old children attending private and government schools in Mathura city. Materials and Methods: An epidemiological cross-sectional study was carried out among 1000 school children aged 12–15 years in which 500 children from both government and private schools, respectively, of five geographical zones of Mathura city were randomly selected. Children completed a questionnaire related to the history of trauma to their anterior teeth after which they were examined for type of lip coverage, Angle's molar relationship, and incisor nature of trauma sustained. Statistical analysis: SPSS 21 was carried out using Student's t-test (P < 0.05), Chi-square test, and Mantel–Haenszel test. Results: The prevalence of traumatic injuries was 8.9% and was higher among government school children compared to private school children. The boys and girls with a history of trauma were 67.4% and 32.6%, respectively. The main cause of trauma was fall in the playground (46.0%). The main reason of trauma was because of pushing (65.2%). The most predominant injuries were enamel fractures and the most common place for occurrence was school. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental injuries in Mathura city was high and it has a great potential to be considered as an emerging public health problem.

Effect of industrial effluent on wheat crop

The pot study was carried out to evaluate the growth and development of two wheat varieties (PBW 154 and HD 2329) under three concentrations (10%, 50% and 100%) of effluents which were collected from India Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) drain from Mathura city of Uttar Pradesh and simple underground water was used as control. Significant impact of IOCL effluents was observed on both varieties of wheat, which showed maximum seed germination, seedling growth, leaf area at 10% concentration of effluent. When 50% concentration of effluent was applied it showed moderate effects while 100% effluent concentration showed adverse effect on both the varieties, where decline in all the above parameters was higher than control. HD 2329 showed more positive effect compared to PBW 154 at 10% concentration of effluents. The observed results can be used by the farmers of this region for deciding about the type of soil and waste water irrigation amount.

Quality and safety assessment of goat milk collected from different regions of Mathura city

The present study was carried out for quality and safety assessment of goat milk from five different regions of Mathura city viz. Holigate, Sadar, Aurangabad, Chungi and Township. The milk samples were collected from dairy shops, vendors and milk producers and evaluated on the basis of various organoleptic tests, physico-chemical properties, proximate estimation and microbiological studies following the standard procedures. Among organolpetic tests, Chungi (70%) and Township (90%) samples had clearer appearance than the other area. All sample collected from township is white in color. Regarding texture/consistency of milk, the sample procured from T having normal consistency and normal odor. The COB test was positive in 20 and 10% samples of H and S areas only. There was no significant difference in temperature, pH and titrable acidity of milk of different areas. However, the specific gravity showed significant (P<0.05) difference among milk samples from different regions. The specific gravity of S area samples was significantly (P<0.05) higher than H, C and T areas. The temperature, pH and specific gravity were lower however titrable acidity was higher than normal prescribed range in all milk samples. There was significant (P<0.05) difference for all proximate parameters except fat content. The moisture contents of H, C and T were significantly (P<0.05) higher but the SNF was lower than in S area. The protein percent of H region samples was significantly (P<0.05) lower than of other regions. The ash content of S region was significantly (P<0.05) higher than of C region, whereas total solid content of S region was significantly (P<0.05) higher than H, C and T region. The mean total solid content of A was comparable to C, H, T and S region. Although proximate parameters of goat milk deviated from normal prescribed range but all samples were negative for adulteration eg. preservatives, neutralizers and others adulterants. There was no significant difference in DMC, SPC, Coliform count and Staphylococcus count of milk samples collected from different regions however all samples had higher microbial load than the prescribed limit.

Statistical analysis and water quality index development using GIS of Mathura City, Uttar Pradesh, India

Statistical analysis and water quality index development using GIS of Mathura City, Uttar Pradesh, India

Groundwater Quality Appraisal and its Hydrogeochemical Characterization — Mathura City, Western Uttar Pradesh

In order to understand the hydrogeochemistry of Mathura city, western Uttar Pradesh a total of 92, 34 and 22 groundwater samples were collected from shallow, intermediate and deep wells during post-monsoon 2017 and pre-monsoon 2018 respectively and analyzed for major cations and anions. The groundwater of the study area is found to be alkaline in nature and is categorized as hard to very hard water type. Dominant facies deciphered from Piper’s trilinear diagram of shallow, intermediate wells are Na-K-Cl-SO4 and Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4 while deep well samples are Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4 type facies in post-monsoon 2017. During pre-monsoon 2018, the ionic facies for shallow, intermediate and deep well samples is Na-K-Cl-SO4 type with the exception of 7 samples of shallow well which shows Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4 type facies. Based on the water quality index (WQI) classification, majority of samples of shallow, intermediate and deep well fall in poor water category in both seasons. According to pollution index of groundwater (PIG) classification, majority of samples of all three depths showed low to moderate pollution in both the seasons. Saturation indices of minerals was also calculated by employing geochemical program PHREEQC. Groundwater at shallow depth possesses excess concentration of Ca, Na, K, and SO4, followed by intermediate and deeper depth samples of both seasons. Trace elements like As, Mo, Sr, and Zn show higher concentration in shallow depth samples followed by intermediate and deeper depth samples, except As which shows a reverse trend. This demonstrates that the groundwater from shallow wells is definitely more vulnerable to contamination. The study has revealed poor groundwater quality of Mathura city and noticeable influence of urbanization and industrialization on water quality.

Heavy metals and geo-accumulation index development for groundwater of Mathura city, Uttar Pradesh

Heavy metals and geo-accumulation index development for groundwater of Mathura city, Uttar Pradesh

Artificial intelligence-based approaches for multi-station modelling of dissolve oxygen in river

ABSTRACT: In this study, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, and feed forward neural network as two artificial intelligence-based models along with conventional multiple linear regression model were used to predict the multi-station modelling of dissolve oxygen concentration at the downstream of Mathura City in India. The data used are dissolved oxygen, pH, biological oxygen demand and water temperature at upper, middle and downstream of the river. To predict outlet of dissolved oxygen of the river in each station, considering different input combinations as i) 11 inputs parameters for all three locations except, dissolved oxygen at the downstream ii) 7 inputs for middle and downstream except dissolved oxygen, at the target location and lastly iii) 3 inputs for downstream location. To determine the accuracy of the model, root mean square error and determination coefficient were employed. The simulated results of dissolved oxygen at three stations indicated that, multi-linear regression is found not to be efficient for predicting dissolved oxygen. In addition, both artificial intelligence models were found to be more capable and satisfactory for the prediction. Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system model demonstrated high prediction ability as compared to feed forward neural network model. The results indicated that adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system model has a slight increment in performance than feed forward neural network model in validation step. Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system proved high improvement in efficiency performance over multi-linear regression modeling up to 18% in calibration phase and 27% in validation phase for the best models.

Applicability of various body weight status classifications for the caries-free 3–6-year-old school going children of Mathura city

Background: In a global perspective, there is a requirement of a universal classification system to monitor the worldwide childhood obesity. Confusion concerning which classification system to use on national levels complicates monitoring of the development of the obesity and comparisons between various studies. Objectives: This study highlights the specific problems associated with body mass index (BMI) classifications, compares the body weight status according to Indian, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and international classifications, and determines their applicability for the caries free 3-6 years old children of Mathura city. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 children aged caries free 3–6 years without contributing medical history from Mathura city were selected for this study. Weight (kg) and height (m) measurements were done; BMI (kg/m2) and the body weight statuses were evaluated using Indian-, CDC-, and international-based classifications. Chi-square test was used to compare the body weight status derived from these classification systems. Results: The majority of the caries free children (96%) were classified as underweight according to BMI-based Indian and international classifications. About 59.3% and 36% of children were classified as underweight and normal body weight status according to CDC classification. There was significant difference observed in the body weight status derived from the BMI-based Indian with the CDC classification. Conclusions: Majority of the disease-free (systemic and dental caries free) 3–6-year-old children were observed to be underweight. The BMI-based Indian and international classifications are applicable for the evaluation of body weight statuses for these children of Mathura city.

Contribution of Spirituality and Attachment in Life Satisfaction

In the present era, frequently changing life style gives cutthroat competition and desire to be success in this competition makes unhealthy environment for present generation. People are stuck on materialistic thing which gives short-term satisfaction only. It is not permanent although people blindly follows this life style making themselves sick. But some people are aware that material life is temporary therefore they move their attitude towards the path of spirituality that illuminate his or her life and ultimately leads to life satisfaction. Therefore researchers is curious to explore the relationship among spirituality, attachment and life satisfaction. Present paper is an attempt to examine the contribution of spirituality and attachment in life satisfaction among middle age people. The sample comprises 100 subjects (50 males &amp; 50 females), working in bank, and teaching profession. The sample has taken from Mathura city only. Sample is equal in terms of education, individual income, age, and marital status. In order to find out the contribution of spirituality and attachment on life satisfaction, correlation design is used. The result reveals that spirituality is positive contributor for life satisfaction.

Quality and safety assessment of cow’ milk in different regions of Mathura city

PurposeThe purpose of present study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of cow?s milk in the holy city Mathura, which is famous for it?s gau dhan and Lord Krishna.MethodologyThe milk samples were collected from dairy shops, vendors and milk producers and evaluated on the basis of various organoleptic tests, physico-chemical properties, proximate estimation and microbiological studies following the standard procedures.FindingsThe milk samples of Township and Chungi areas had more clear appearance and normal texture/consistency than other three areas. No cow milk sample was observed with pure white colour; however, 74 per cent of the samples had normal light yellow colour. No milk sample had rancid/oxidized odour; however, few milk samples contained weedy or absorbed odour. Watery consistency was observed in 50 per cent of the samples, whereas thick, ropy or slimy consistency was observed in 4, 4 and 20 per cent of the samples, respectively. The temperature, pH and specific gravity of milk collected from different regions were lower, but titratable acidity was higher than normal prescribed range (<0.14 per cent). The moisture content of all the samples was higher; however, other proximate parameters showed quite variable values than normal values of cow milk. Out of the total, 28 per cent of the samples of cow milk were positive for formalin. The microbial load was higher than normal prescribed limit.Original valueFood safety and food security are very much at the top of the agenda in India, so it is of utmost importance to screen the quality of milk and milk products in the market for avoidance of skimming practices and/or adulteration of milk with water and human health problems.

Prevalence of The Oral Mucosal Lesions in Tobacco and Non-Tobacco Users in Mathura City: A Cross Sectional Study

The constant advancement of forensic analyses has evolved into a snowball with new questions arising and solutions being looked for everyday. Forensic odontology has come a long way in understanding bite marks, its mechanism and other related factors. In general, bitemark analysis is more than often centralized on imprints of teeth on skin or food substances. What we need to understand is not all the time an entire set of dental marks is available for analysis. An adjuvant is essential to heighten the analysis and arrive at a more convincing result with a scientific backing. Saliva is a diagnostic medium that can be easily collected and with minimal invasion but it has beenneglected in the past. It is now systematically being researched and oral fluid analysis is being compared with the analysis of other diagnostic media such as blood and urine. Today, saliva is being used moreoften todiagnose: hereditary diseases, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, endocrinedisordersas, well as in the assessment of therapeutic levels of drugs and in forensic field.

Evaluation of the Impact of Different Health Education Methods in Undergraduate Students of Dental College, Mathura City

Evaluation of the Impact of Different Health Education Methods in Undergraduate Students of Dental College, Mathura City

Archaeological Landscape of Ancient Mathura in Relation to Its Art Workshops

Mathura is well known as a great archaeological site and art centre, but due to lack of detailed information about the various find-spots and the corresponding archaeological landscape, sometimes it is difficult to form a complete idea of the subject. The present article intends to identify all the find-spots based on my intensive field work in and around the Mathura city. A similar study can also be pursued for the entire area of the Braj region but the article is limited here to the ancient city only. The earliest settlement of Mathura is situated on the banks of river Yamuna and that has now taken the form of lofty mounds. It dates back to the Painted Grey Ware (PGW) period and has continued till the recent times. The first extension of the city occurs during the Northern Black Painted Ware (NBPW) times which, in some part, coincides with the Mauryan period. During the succeeding centuries a large number of sites come into existence outside the fortification of the ancient city and these have provided a great number of sculptures and related material. Most of the times, the scholar’s viewpoint about Mathura is derived based on these findings. The article talks about the relationship of these findings with the overall archaeological scenario of the city and the relationship various peripheral sites enjoy in ration to the urban town. A lot of emphasis is given to the nature of these sites and then the article attempts to form a proper idea of the ancient landscape of ancient Mathura and also about its relationship with art workshops.