Mathematical Symbols Research Articles

Stimulating mathematical communication with SPECOMATSO technology development based on digital literacy

Mathematical communication is crucial in inclusive mathematics teaching and learning to convey mathematical symbols. However, teaching mathematical symbols to deaf students in inclusive classrooms has been a persistent challenge due to the lack of specialized sign language for mathematical expressions. Media, such as SPECOMATSO technology, can serve as a bridge to address this issue. This research focused on developing valid and practical SPECOMATSO technology to strengthen students’ literacy and facilitate the delivery of mathematical symbols, which previously posed difficulties for teachers in inclusive settings. The research combined the Alessi & Trollip and V-waterfall models, encompassing seven development stages: analysis, design, implementation, unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. The research instruments included observation and interview guidelines, a product validation questionnaire, and a student response questionnaire. This study produces SPECOMATSO technology that is valid and practical for learning plane geometry and angles in mathematics. Although this development still needs improvement in fixative abilities, such as storage and editing functions, it is expected to strengthen digital literacy and stimulate mathematical communication among deaf students who face challenges related to their limited auditory capabilities.

Gender differences in written mathematical communication skills of junior high school students

Some research about identifying the differences between male and female students’ written communication skills has been done before. However, the previous research only focused on qualitative studies. Therefore, there is still a lack of empirical proof of the result. This study aims to test whether a significant difference exists between male and female students' written mathematical communication skills and identify their performance difficulties. The subjects were 14 male and 14 female students at the junior high school. The instrument was a test of mathematical communication skills on quadrilateral topics. The research method used was a mixed method with a sequential explanatory design. The data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U to measure the difference between male and female students’ written mathematical communication skills, and document analysis was conducted to analyze their difficulties in performing written mathematical communication. The results showed that even though there is no significant difference between written mathematical communication skills between male and female students, there is a significant difference when viewed from each indicator. In addition, the difficulties experienced by male and female students are difficulties expressing mathematical ideas using mathematical symbols, using facts and concepts to solve problems, and operating algebraic forms.

Level of visual geometry skill towards learning style Kolb in junior high school

This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the visual thinking level of junior high school students with the learning style of assimilators, converges, accommodators, and divergers in solving geometry problems. The type of research used is qualitative research with a grounded theory and case study design. The subjects studied were junior high school students consisting of 6 of 56 students. Data were collected through a learning style inventory (LSI) test given to 56 students to group participants based on the learning style of the Kolb model, then a geometry problem-solving test and interviews were given to 6 students, namely two assimilator students, one converges, one accommodator, and two diverger students. The analysis is based on data from written test results and interviews. Then, time triangulation is carried out to obtain valid research data. The analysis was conducted based on data from written test results and interview results paired with video recordings. Then, triangulation of time is carried out to obtain valid research data. The results of the analysis showed that assimilator students and converger students were able to achieve at the global visual level, namely being able to carry out visual thinking activities well in solving problems, illustrate the problem correctly in geometric drawings/objects, represent problems in mathematical symbols precisely and can express relationships between images well. While accommodator and diverger students can only reach the local visual level, they have yet to be able to show every visual thinking activity well in solving geometry problems, illustrating problems in geometry drawings that could be more precise, and solving rudimentary geometry problems.

Analysis of Vocational School Students' Error in Solving Linear Program Problems

The reality on the ground shows that students still make mistakes in solving problems in the form of Linear Program stories. This study aims to describe students' mistakes in solving word problems in linear programming material. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects in this study were class X students of Karya Bahana Vocational School, Bekasi City. The instrument in this study was in the form of 5 questions in the form of descriptions. In addition to the instrument in the form of tests, interviews were used to dig deeper into students' answers to the questions presented. The results showed that the most errors made by students were in the aspect of errors in writing the final answers, and the fewest errors were in the aspects of transformation errors. The cause of reading errors is that students are unable to interpret sentences correctly and cannot find key words and important information. The cause of the error in understanding the problem was that students did not include the known data and the data asked. The causes of errors in the transformation are students not being able to model everyday sentences into mathematical symbols and errors in using mathematical operations. The cause of the process skill error was that the student was unable to write down the objective function and the student was unable to continue with the answer, while the cause of the error in writing the final solution was the inability of the student to draw conclusions correctly.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ВЕКТОРНО-КООРДИНАТНОГО МЕТОДА ПРИ ИЗУЧЕНИИ ДИСЦИПЛИН МАТЕМАТИКА И ФИЗИКА

The article discusses the methodological features of using the vector-coordinate method, the formation of interdisciplinary knowledge among students. The authors analyzed the applied component in solving physical problems, fixing the studied mathematical concepts and symbols through the transition from geometric relationships to analytical data.

PEMBELAJARAN COOPERATIVE INTEGRATED READING AND COMPOSITION (CIRC) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN NUMERASI DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL PEMECAHAN MASALAH

Current mathematics education should meet requirements that involve critical thinking skills, real-world relevance, the use of technology, and communication and collaboration abilities. In this regard, students need to have good numeracy skills, which involve the ability to use numbers and mathematical symbols in everyday problem-solving, such as calculations and data interpretation. Numeracy skills are important in shaping responsible and competent individuals. Additionally, problem-solving strategies are also at the core of mathematics teaching. Research has shown that the use of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) instructional model has positive consequences for mathematical problem-solving proficiency. With the CIRC model, students can effectively improve their numeracy skills and mathematical problem-solving strategies. This research was conducted using a quantitative method, t-test, and paired sample test. The research subjects consisted of 50 eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 7 Tungkal Jaya. Data was collected through documents, observations, and tests. Data analysis was done by conducting a paired sample t-test to assess the significance of the influence of CIRC learning on students' problem-solving competence. It is important to conduct further research involving larger samples and considering factors that may potentially affect learning outcomes.

Math anxiety and attention: Biased orienting to math symbols or less efficient attentional control?

Previous research about the existence of an attentional bias for math in highly math-anxious (HMA) individuals shows inconsistent results, and methodologies used so far cannot distinguish the various components of attentional bias. Here we adapted Grafton and MacLeod (2014)’s methodology to assess biases linked to math anxiety in engagement and disengagement when task-irrelevant math and neutral symbols are briefly presented. Twenty-one HMA and 21 low math-anxious individuals were asked to perform the attentional task just after solving an arithmetic task expected to generate group differences in state anxiety. Considering attentional control theory, state anxiety will likely increase allocation of attention to task-irrelevant stimuli. Therefore, individual differences in efficiency responding to this task, which despite being simple and non-mathematical is interrupted by task-irrelevant stimuli, were also analyzed to study whether HMA individuals show reduced attentional control. Our results provide evidence against the presence of an attentional bias towards/against mathematical symbols in visuospatial orienting of the HMA population, neither in the form of an engagement bias nor as a disengagement bias. Rather, HMA individuals were slower and could not take advantage of a longer interval to overcome distraction, which suggest less efficient attentional control, at least when they experience higher state anxiety. Therefore, it is unlikely that an attentional bias for math may originate or aggravate math anxiety. However, reduced attentional control may underlie the less efficient processing on math tasks usually shown by HMA individuals, so research on attention in math anxiety should keep focusing on HMA’s difficulties in executive control.

The Implementation of Scientific Approach to Improve Mathematical Understanding Ability on Senior High School Students

Mathematical understanding ability is a basic ability that must be possessed by every student in understanding the concept of material and applying it in a mathematical symbol and formula. However, the fact is that currently the failure in learning mathematics is due to students' lack of understanding of the concepts in mathematics material. The purpose of this study was to see the improvement of mathematical understanding ability of class VIII-B students on the material of Two-Variable Linear Equation System at SMPN 1 Margaasih. The research method used is the model of Kemmis and McTaggart with the subject studied, namely students of class VIII-B SMPN 1 Margaasih. The research conducted used Classroom Action Research (CAR). The research took place over 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of several stages starting from the plan, action, observation and reflection stages. In cycle I and cycle II the teacher gave a test, besides that in each cycle an observation sheet was provided. The results of this study showed that there was an increase in the completeness of learning scenarios for teachers by 51.92% and for students by 50.01%. In addition, the results of filling out the tests given each cycle showed good results with the number of students who scored above the KKM in cycle I by 69.44% and cycle II by 80.55%, meaning an increase of 11.11%. Thus, the mathematical understanding ability of class VIII students on Two-Variable Linear Equation System material at SMPN 1 Margaasih using a scientific approach has improved.

The IBEM dataset: A large printed scientific image dataset for indexing and searching mathematical expressions

Searching for information in printed scientific documents is a challenging problem that has recently received special attention from the Pattern Recognition research community. Mathematical expressions are complex elements that appear in scientific documents, and developing techniques for locating and recognizing them requires the preparation of datasets that can be used as benchmarks. Most current techniques for dealing with mathematical expressions are based on Machine Learning techniques which require a large amount of annotated data. These datasets must be prepared with ground-truth information for automatic training and testing. However, preparing large datasets with ground-truth is a very expensive and time-consuming task. This paper introduces the IBEM dataset, consisting of scientific documents that have been prepared for mathematical expression recognition and searching. This dataset consists of 600 documents, more than 8200 page images with more than 160000 mathematical expressions. It has been automatically generated from the ▪ version of the documents and can be enlarged easily. The ground-truth includes the position at the page level and the ▪ transcript for mathematical expressions both embedded in the text and displayed. This paper also reports a baseline classification experiment with mathematical symbols and a baseline experiment of Mathematical Expression Recognition performed on the IBEM dataset. These experiments aim to provide some benchmarks for comparison purposes so that future users of the IBEM dataset can have a baseline framework.

Analysis of Algebra Communication Skills and Creative Thinking Skill Levels: In Terms of Cognitive Style

The students have difference in cognitive style. This research aimed to describe and analyze students’ communication skills and creative thinking skill level in view of field dependent and independent cognitive style on algebraic concept. Algebra communication skill is essential skill needed for solving mathematical problems. Algebra must be mastered by the students because related to other materials. Algebra topic analyzed in this study is quadratic equation word problems. The indicators of communication skill include (1) able to state the situation into mathematical notations, structures or symbols, (2) able to demonstrate and describe unique algorithms in problem solving, and 3) able to construct and explain real-world phenomena in graph, sentence, equation, table or other presentation. The student level of creative thinking skill can be seen from fluency, flexibility and novelty. This research used a mixed-method. The object were 16 students of junior high school in Tangerang. The data collection techniques used test and interview. Cognitive styles are grouped using the Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT) which divide the students into field dependent (FD) and field independent (FI). The results of the study indicated that algebra communication skill of students with FD and FI were not different significantly in problem solving. Both are able to understand the problems into mathematical expressions, but not all groups state the correct mathematical equations. The students used different strategy to solve the problems. FD students used less detailed strategy, incomplete analysis, think generally, and not quite precise in writing mathematical equations, while FI students provided detailed explanations, better accuracy, think more flexibly, and state mathematical equation precisely. In general, they have same creative level.

PandasGWAS: a Python package for easy retrieval of GWAS catalog data

BackgroundSince the NHGRI-EBI Catalog of human genome-wide association studies was established by NHGRI in 2008, research on it has attracted more and more researchers as the amount of data has grown rapidly. Easy-to-use, open-source, general-purpose programs for accessing the NHGRI-EBI Catalog of human genome-wide association studies are in great demand for current Python data analysis pipeline.ResultsIn this work we present pandasGWAS, a Python package that provides programmatic access to the NHGRI-EBI Catalog of human genome-wide association studies. Instead of downloading all data locally, pandasGWAS queries data based on input criteria and handles paginated data gracefully. The data is then transformed into multiple associated pandas.DataFrame objects according to its hierarchical relationships, which makes it easy to integrate into current Python-based data analysis toolkits.ConclusionspandasGWAS is an open-source Python package that provides the first Python client interface to the GWAS Catalog REST API. Compared with existing tools, the data structure of pandasGWAS is more consistent with the design specification of GWAS Catalog REST API, and provides many easy-to-use mathematical symbol operations.

Description of Junior High School Students’ Mathematical Understanding According to Skemp Theory in terms of Rational Personality Types

Mathematical understanding is one of the supporting factors for students' success in mathematics. Skemp divides understanding into two types, namely instrumental understanding and relational understanding. This research purpose was to describe the mathematical understanding of seventh grade D students in solving set problems based on Skemp's theory of understanding in terms of rational personality types. The type of research used was descriptive qualitative. This research was conducted at Junior High School Darul Aman Mataram of 2021/2022 academic year. Selection of subjects using a purposive sampling technique. The subjects in this study were two students with rational personality types. Data were obtained using a mathematical understanding test and interviews. The study's results showed that students with rational personality types tend to have a relational understanding because they can explain reasons or interpret problem-solving procedures according to the set concept correctly. In addition, students are able to understand the purpose of the given set of problems, can apply ideas according to the logic of thinking in solving problems, can write problem solving procedures coherently according to Skemp's theory even though they tend to be brief, can solve mathematical understanding problems accompanied by appropriate answer arguments, can change mathematical sentences in the given problem in the form of words, images, or certain mathematical symbols. Furthermore, this type can achieve all of the indicators of instrumental understanding and can fulfill the six indicators of relational understanding, except for the ability to correlate several set concepts. Based on these results, it is expected that rational personality type students can determine detailed planning in solving problems, and improve understanding of mathematical concepts such as being more careful in the use of solution strategies so that students are accustomed to applying various solution strategies.

Development of Android-based Edutainment game on Numerical Ability

Learning mathematic cannot be separated from the mathematical symbol and a numerical skill, which is required as ability to perform calculation and related matters with the numbers. This research is aimed to improve the numerical ability of students. The method used was based on Borg and call, which consisted of ten main stages involved. The first research result is the validation of android-based mobile games edutainment, that is, the average value of the three experts is 78.33% with valid criteria. Then the average validation results of the android mobile game test questions based on edutainment is 77.77% with valid criteria. The second is the value of simplicity, seen from the value of the questionnaire which was filled in by all fresh graduates which was accumulated so that a percentage of 85.84% was obtained with very practical criteria. Furthermore, the effectiveness is seen from the increase in scores workmanship of fresh graduate pretest and posttest which is calculated by the formula T test results obtained by increasing the pretest posttest score then ability numerical increase so that it is categorized as effective. Thus it is concluded that the development of android mobile games is based on edutainment on numerical ability is categorized valid, practical, and effective for used

Issues of Prevention of Graphic Dyscalculia in Preschool Children with Mental Delay

The subject of this research work was specific, systematic errors in the formation of counting activity and written mathematical speech, as well as their influence on the predisposition to graphic dyscalculia in preschool students with mental retardation. The article describes the results of the analysis of an experimental study that involved preschool children with mental retardation and normotypical peers performing tasks from the diagnostic methodology aimed at identifying in the category of respondents in question, the specific features of their perception and orientation in space, the ability to read and depict mathematical symbols. The article also proposes the authorʼs definition of the concept of “dyscalculiaˮ, emphasizes the importance of finding and implementing effective ways of psychological and pedagogical work aimed at preventing graphic dyscalculia, as one of the types of violations of mathematical activity.

The Mathematician as Hero in Audio-Visual Media

Compared with fiction, audio-visual media both enhance opportunities and impose constraints on the representation of scientist characters. This is true both in depicting the inner life of scientists and in presenting credibly what they actually do when ‘doing science’. Mathematics is arguably the most non-visual and non-verbal of sciences, as the science lacks even the visual apparatus of chemistry. In addition, mathematical symbols and formulae are the most arcane to non-scientists. Thus, the problem for film-makers is the question of how to engage and maintain audience interest while presenting the mathematicians’ experience faithfully and avoiding ‘information dump’. In this article, we focus on the depiction of mathematicians in film, television, and recorded TED talks and the success (or otherwise) of their representation.

Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Kelas III pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika di SDN 9 Ampenan Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023

This study aims to determine the types of mathematics learning difficulties experienced by students and the improvement efforts made by teachers to overcome mathematics learning difficulties for third-grade students of SDN 9 Ampenan. This research is qualitative research with the descriptive method and uses the procedure of implementing the diagnosis of learning difficulties. The research subjects were 6 third-grade students who had difficulty learning mathematics and third-grade teachers. Methods of data collection using interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis using Interactive Analysis Method. The results showed that students had difficulty learning the subject of arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The types of mathematics learning difficulties experienced by students are difficulties in understanding mathematical concepts, difficulties in calculations, difficulties in understanding mathematical symbols, and difficulties in working on story problems. Improvement efforts made by classroom teachers are peer tutors, special tutoring, remedial or repairs to students who have grades below the KKM, and communicating and collaborating with parents. To overcome difficulties in learning mathematics that come from within students, it is recommended to create conditionals (reinforcement, rewards, encouragement), while difficulties that come from outside students are carried out by completing facilities and infrastructure in the learning process and using varied methods.

The role of assistive technology in supporting the engagement of students with visual impairment in learning mathematics: An integrative literature review

This integrative literature review examined how assistive technology (AT) can help students with visual impairment (VI) in middle primary and secondary schools (aged 11–18 years) engage in learning Mathematics. To collate the relevant findings across studies, an integrative literature review approach was employed and supported by an evidence-based synthesis method. Automatic search phrases were used to find research articles related to the topic in the Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and Springer Link databases. A total of 628 articles were identified during the initial search of which only 11 were included after putting them under rigorous selection criteria. In addition, a mixed-method appraisal technique (MMAT) was used to examine the methodological quality of the papers that were included. The synthesis result came up with three overarching themes: the availability of AT to support learning mathematics, the usability of AT in mathematics classes, and the role of AT in the inclusion of visually impaired students. The findings based on the results of the 11 academic articles published from 2007 to 2021 revealed that effective engagement of students with VIs in Mathematics instruction is achieved by providing students with VI equitable access to the swiftly evolving AT, addressing issues related to affordability, testing the usability and appropriateness of existing AT and enhancing accessibility of AT for all by breaking the social stigma against students with VI in using AT. It is concluded that easily affordable and accessible assistive technologies with multiple non-visual display formats that enable students with VI to access mathematical symbols, notations, expressions, and tactual contents should be in place to actively engage students with VI in learning mathematics.

Numerical Literacy and Math Self-Concept: Children-Friendly Learning in Inclusive Elementary Schools

<p style="text-align: justify;">Numerical literacy refers to the knowledge and ability to use various numbers and basic mathematical symbols to solve problems, while math self-concept means the assessment of students’ skills, abilities, enjoyment, and interest in the subject. However, children with special needs and normal students in inclusive Elementary Schools are yet to sufficiently acquire learning that accommodates literacy and maths self-concept. This causes a need for the implementation of a children-friendly learning process. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the factors influencing the numeracy level and math self-concept, and also explore the obstacles in implementing children-friendly learning in order to facilitate students’ abilities. A qualitative method was applied because of in-depth data exploration regarding children with special needs, while the utilized instruments include tests, questionnaires, and interviews. Both the data collected and the analysis are qualitative, which are obtained through excavation, identification, and description. Consequently, this paper was able to (a) describe the factors influencing the numeracy level and math self-concept in inclusive elementary schools; (b) explore the barriers to implementing children-friendly learning; and (c) identify the relationship between students’ numeracy and math self-concept.</p>

Analysis of Students' Mathematical Communication Ability With Relistic Mathematics Education

Communication skills are skills in conveying meaning in the form of ideas or information from one person to another through certain media and providing rational reasons for a statement, changing forms from verbal language into mathematical language, and illustrating mathematical ideas into descriptions. which is relevant.This study aims to describe students’ communication skills with Realistik Mathematic Education (RME). Data collection techniques are (1) validation, (2) RME, (3) pre-test and post-test of mathematics communication skills, (4) analysis of mathematics communication skills tests, and (5) observation of student activities. This research finally resulted in the identification of students’ communication skills based on indicators of mathematical communication skills, namely (a) Connecting real objects, pictures and diagrams into mathematical ideas, (b) Explaining ideas, situations and mathematical relations, in writing, (c) Stating everyday events. day in language or mathematical symbols. The identification stage is clarified in the category Very good, good, enough, not enough, not very bad. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Sipirok. To identify the increase in students’ mathematical communication skills in every aspect, the t test was carried out. Based on the students’ answers. The results showed that the students’ mathematical communication skills with RME increased significantly by the value of t = 3.896 while t table = 1.685 so it could be concluded that the students’ mathematical communication skills with RME were better.
 Keywords: Mathematical communication; RME; communication ability

‘Openness in Action’ Early Steps in Cosmic Phenomenology

‘Openness in Action’ Early Steps in Cosmic Phenomenology