Mathematical Simulation Methods Research Articles

Mathematical Simulation of Iron Ore Fines Sintering Process with Solid Fuel Segregation Distribution and Corresponding Heat Pattern Study

The fuel segregation distribution sintering process, with a high fuel dosage in upper layer and a low fuel dosage in bottom layer of the sintering bed, was studied to handle uneven heat distribution problems in the conventional iron ore sintering process. A mathematical simulation method was adopted to contrastively study the fuel segregation distribution sintering process and the conventional iron ore sintering process. The accuracy of the model was verified through the sintering experiments. In addition, different heights of the upper and bottom sintering beds were discussed to assess the fuel segregation distribution sintering technology. In contrast to the conventional iron ore sintering process, the temperature evolution in the sintering bed using the fuel segregation distribution sintering technology tended to be more reasonable and the heat accumulation in the upper bed increased, which meant that the melt quantity index increased from 2178 to 2387 K·min−1, and cooling rate decreased from 360 to 199 K·min−1. The drawbacks of the conventional iron ore sintering process, such as the heat shortage in upper bed and excess heat in lower bed, were therefore improved, which was also proven to promote the sinter quality.

Theoretical studies on the nature and conditions of interaction of heel and peripheral nose cones of offset roller cone bits with a bottom hole

An offset of roller cone rotation centerlines is used to increase the mechanical penetration rate while drilling in soft rocks. This enables increasing the area of a cutting structure teeth contact with a bottom hole. The analysis of offset cone drill bit (cutting structure) teeth wear showed that particularly significant wear is characteristic of the transition zone from the heel cone to the nose cone; which leads to significant reduction in the mechanical rate of penetration and a rapid decrease in the hole diameter. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a theoretical research on the nature and conditions of interaction between heel and peripheral nose cones of offset roller cone bits with a bottom hole; which is aimed at improving the efficiency of rock cutting by offset roller cone bits. To achieve the purpose; the authors analyzed data on the nature and causes of wear of existing offset roller cone bit cutting structure (teeth); developed a mathematical model in a cylindrical coordinate system allowing to determine the location and geometric parameters of the gage cone contact area with the hole wall for different roller cone bits sizes; developed a computer solid model for checking the adequacy of the mathematical model by comparing these two models; prepared recommendations for further improvement of the design of existing offset roller cone bit cutting structure (teeth). The research was carried out by the method of mathematical simulation of geometric figures and bodies corresponding to roller cones and a hole. The research has revealed that significant adjustments need to be made to the geometry of the roller cone teeth (currently being patented). This would allow decreasing the areas of cone heel blunting by 15–20 % as well as providing more prolonged contact of base and gage cones with bottom hole and wall surfaces. This allows to reduce wear of teeth in the transition zone of the generatrix from the peripheral nose cone to the gage (heel) cone of the roller cone and to maintain the required specific pressure on the cut rock for a longer period of time and; as a result; to increase both the mechanical penetration rate and the service life of the drilling tools.

Developing a mathematical simulation method for three-dimensional separated airflow at inlet of local exhaust devices

For local exhaust ventilation systems to be capable of removing contaminants reliably, accurate data on the velocity field around local exhaust devices is needed. The boundaries of the separation airflow at its inlet must be determined as a prerequisite for shaping leading edges of the exhaust hood. This shaping technique makes it possible to reduce local resistance, improve acoustic properties, increase contaminant capture efficiency and reduce electricity costs associated with operating ventilation systems in buildings. The goal of our study is to develop a discrete mathematical model of three-dimensional stationary separated airflow at the inlet of a rectangular exhaust duct. A novel aspect in our study is the mathematical simulation technique developed by us for 3D separated airflow at inlet of an exhaust hood. The discrete model was constructed using quadrangular vortex clouds comprising straight and curved segments, straight and curved horseshoe vortices, and closed curved vortex polygonal lines. We traced out the flow separation surface at the inlet of a sharp-edged rectangular exhaust duct and determined the axial airflow velocity using a computational procedure and a computer program designed by us. We compared our findings with the specially conducted experiment and different researchers' reports as well as values computed using complex analysis techniques for slotted exhaust hoods and our past computational data using the discrete vortex method for a square exhaust opening in non-stationary and quasi-axisymmetric settings. We found the results to be adequate. Our method can be used to determine the boundaries of vortex zones and trace out the velocity field at inlet of local exhaust hoods in a fully three-dimensional setting.

Construction of a mathematical model and numerical study of interaction between moisture-, heat-, and mass transfer processes of salt solutions in an unsaturated soil layer

Methods of mathematical modeling and computer simulation were used to investigate the influence of interrelated processes of transfer of saline solutions in the unsaturated soil layer. To this end, a mathematical model has been built for modeling the corresponding processes of the moisture-, heat-, and mass transfer of saline solutions in an unsaturated soil layer. An effective computational algorithm was developed to solve the corresponding nonlinear boundary problem numerically by the method of finite differences; it was implemented in the Asp.net programming environment in the C++ language. Based on the numerical experiments carried out, the distribution of moisture, concentration, and temperature fields in the aeration zone (incomplete saturation) was obtained. To study the influence of mass transfer of salts on moisture transfer, a numerical solution was found to the problem of moisture transfer, the problem of moisture transfer taking into consideration mass transfer and moisture transfer, taking into consideration mass transfer in the presence of osmosis. Analysis of the results showed that the distribution of the concentration of saline solutions over time is slower and more predictable. It was established that the distribution of moisture heads increases with depth and time when saline solutions fall on the surface of the soil massif. With the influence of salt concentration, the distribution of moisture increases with depth and time throughout the entire area of moisture transfer by 1–3 %. The distribution of moisture heads taking into consideration the concentration of salts and osmosis is reduced by 3–5 % compared to the results of the problem without taking into consideration the phenomenon of osmosis. The distribution of the concentration of saline solutions during moisture transfer and osmosis acquires higher values compared to the results without taking osmosis into consideration. The established features can be successfully applied to clean the fertile soil layer and resume agricultural activities

Application of an adaptive controller for controlling the rotational velocity of hydrogenerators taking into account the technological state of a Kaplan turbine

The impact of oil leakages in a turbine on the main power system parameters is investigated in reactive hydraulic turbines with adjustable-blade runners (Kaplan turbines) installed at Maynskaya, Nizhne-Bureiskaya and Vilyuyskaya hydroelectric power plants. The main theoretical relations and conclusions were obtained by the methods of mathematical simulation and integral calculations in the MATLAB software environment. A method is proposed for monitoring leakages in the housing of an adjustable-blade runner and smoothing the fluctuations of various parameters (amplitude, rotational velocity, phase angle, active power and generator current) of the power system in the case of oil leak-ages. The control is performed by means of a sensor installed in the runner, a fiber-optic cable and an optical-electrical converter located along the shaft from the runner blades to the oil receiver of the corresponding hydraulic unit. The performed analysis of the obtained mathematical model (frequency response and Nyquist plots were built) relative to the basic parameters of the electrical energy generated by a hydraulic unit showed that the proposed method of monitoring oil leakages contributes to an increase in the operational stability of a hydraulic unit. When constructing the model, the following parameters of the hydraulic unit were taken into account: rotational angle of runner blades and opening angle of hydraulic turbine guide vanes. The developed block diagram can be used to compare variations in the parameters both without oil leakage control and taking into account the automated control system proposed by the authors. It is shown that the obtained logarithmic Nyquist plot can be used to monitor variations in the amplitude, as well as its smoothening, both under normal conditions and taking into account oil leakages in the hydraulic turbine housing.

Spatial localization characteristics impact research at value determining of real estate objects situated in small settlements

The article behaves to the property economic measurements implementation using the Comparative Sales independent valuation approach. On example from the real commercial real estate evaluation practice the main methodological principles of valuation object spatial localization characteristics adjustment are considered. According to the described methodology, localization adjustment coefficient is determined by calculation method on the basis of market data cross-correlation regressive analysis. A basic hypothesis is a statement that the relation of valuation object single unit value index to the same of comparable object is determined by its model values relation in the mathematical model of statistical relationship between object single unit value index and its three settlements characteristics: population number; distance to the regional center; area (territory within the settlement boundaries). The research is grounded on mathematical simulation and mathematical statistic quantitative methods. The methodology of adjustment coefficients on investigated price-forming factors definition is based on nonlinear cross-correlation regressive analysis of market data research. This mathematical model is experimentally set by local market data research for the exactly similar real estate objects on the valuation date. It is set that there is observed different statistical relationship level between some of objects price-forming factors and its single square value indexes. The closest statistical relationship exists between settlements population number and single indicator of similar property situated in other compared settlements. It is shown that taking into account some recommended braking coefficients for regressive curve, are published in professional literature, is inadvisable, because it increases the result error is got. Certainly the regression curve characteristics of object spatial localization price-forming factors must be taken into account at adjustment coefficient determination procedure. It is well-proven that methodically correct result of object localization adjustment procedure implementation can be provided only in the case of local market situation research data applying, with determination of the nonlinear regression function characteristics for statistical dependence of single square value index from the object settlements population number. Research is described gives an opportunity to decrease evaluation result uncertainty through the use of new offered approach to mathematical model characteristics definition. The main result of researches described is a possibility to obtain appraising/valuation results with the higher reliability and better accuracy. Researches results are the objective confirmation of the fact, that nowadays methodical base of independent valuation is not able to provide the higher level of this class evaluation objects accuracy results. It does not depend only from an individual appraiser or concrete evaluation company, but, firstly, from unreliable arbitrarily chosen by appraisers adjustments - that usually are "expertly" determined, based on appraiser's own ideas about the dependence of real estate prices on the settlements characteristics. This elementary way of taking these characteristics into account may be a source of result additional errors and its uncertainty level increasing. Future investigations in this direction may deals with the consideration and analysis of other types nonlinear functions application possibilities, that is approximate the regression curve of statistical interdependence between the object single value index and its spatial localization characteristics. The quantitative indexes of absolute and relative methodological errors also may be determined and analyzed in detail in future researches. The importance of those researches for the further development of the independent valuation metrological-information paradigm are confirmed. Practical recommendations for the evaluation results accuracy and reliability increasing are formulated.

Simulation and experimental verification of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria inhibition by alternating aerobic/anoxic strategy

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) is a promising technology for sewage treatment. Alternating aerobic/anoxic conditions have been widely adopted to achieve partial nitrification (PN), so as to provide substrates for ANAMMOX. In this study, the feasibility of PN with the strategy of intermittent aeration was investigated under mainstream conditions. At a low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, the nitrogen conversion characteristic under different intermittent aeration modes was evaluated by mathematical simulation and experimental method with (1) ordinary activated sludge, (2) mixed sludge with anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB), and (3) PN sludge, as seed sludge. The existence of functional microorganisms, such as AnAOB and denitrifying bacteria, which can utilize nitrites, was the prerequisite for NOB activity inhibition in the alternating aerobic/anoxic condition. Therefore, low nitrite may be an important factor in NOB activity inhibition under alternating aerobic/anoxic conditions. This study demonstrated a key controlling factor for NOB activity inhibition with alternating aerobic/anoxic condition.

Detection and research of radiative adiabatic interaction by modulation polarimetry

The radiative interaction of two arbitrary substances in the near field with different chemical potentials causes each of them inhomogeneous temperature distribution and corresponding mechanical stresses. The emerging optical anisotropy in the form of linear birefringence becomes available for registration by the optical method. The kinetics and dynamics of elastic stresses in magnitude and sign of the phase difference between orthogonal components of linearly polarized radiation were recorded in an optical detector and researched by modulation polarimetry. The detectability of modulation polarimetry ensured the recording of mechanical stresses under conditions of radiation cooling-heating of the optical detector by fractions of a degree Celsius. The stress kinetics in the observation coordinate demonstrates an amplitude of complex shape. The interpretation of the dependences of mechanical stresses on time is based on the previously developed method of mathematical simulation of these dependencies. It can be used to analyze and study heat transfer components (radiative, conductive, and convective components) and determine their parameters. The measurement results are of practical importance in diagnosing the radiation component of the heat transfer of materials and determining such technically important characteristics as heat transfer coefficients and thermal diffusivity.

Computer simulation application for substantiation of industrial wastewater treatment technology

The wastewater treatment of the mining industrial enterprises is implemented using mechanical, chemical, biological and physic-chemical methods. The mechanical treatment is used to prepare wastewater for biological, physicochemical and other methods of the deep treatment. In recent years, the field of the physicochemical treatment methods application has been expanding, and their share among other methods has increased. The Mining Institute of the Kola Science Centre of the RAS has been developed a technology of the industrial wastewater treatment based on the synergetic effect of the pollution concentrating in a multiphase medium with formed surface properties of the phases, tested at the mining enterprises of the Kola MMC (Lovozero GOK LLC and Kovdor GOK) and including coagulation, sorption and flotation in activated water dispersion of air. To substantially reduce the cost, duration and complexity of the process of the developing wastewater treatment methods at mining enterprises, an approach based on the use of the mathematical and computer simulation methods, the development of the virtual laboratory benches that fully reproduce the technological processes and devices used. The mathematical simulation of the fine particles coagulation and aggregation in the process of the industrial wastewater treatment from dissolved impurities was carried out. The simulation made it possible to reveal the kinetics of the adsorption process of the contaminants components by the surface of the formed iron hydroxide colloidal particles, which determines the size and lifetime of the floccules. A virtual laboratory stand was created to study the water treatment processes based on the ANSYS Fluent software. This stand simulates the operation of the Outotec radial thickener with a diameter of 30 meters, which made it possible to develop recommendations for the technological regimes optimization for the greater particle aggregation efficiency. The possibility of the application in the technology the column flotation machine – an analogue of the flotation machine of the Canadian Process Technologies Inc. CETCO, was considered.The authors appreciate participation of Junior Researcher A. S. Kitaeva A. S. in the work on the article’s material.

Mathematic modeling and CFD simulation of the sedimentation process in a TSHD

In the construction process, a trailing suction hopper dredger exploits the drag head and pipes to transport seabed sediment to the spoil hopper for storage. When the liquid level of the mixture was elevated in the spoil hopper, the mixture overflowed to the hopper via the overflowing cylinder. The spoil hopper sedimentation significantly affected the control decision and hopper loading efficiency of the dredger. In this study, mathematical modelling, simulation, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to build a sedimentation model of the sediment in the spoil hopper. Subsequently, the movement of the sediment after it entered the spoil hopper was stimulated was calculated based on the simulation, as well as the sediment distribution, overflow loss, and dry soil production of the spoil hopper. As indicated by the results, the mathematical model and CFD simulation methods were consistent with the simulation results of the built spoil hopper sedimentation model, thereby demonstrating that the built model was credible and could help guide the hopper loading control strategy research, as well as construction optimization.

Design and analysis of electric vehicle thermal management system based on refrigerant-direct cooling and heating batteries

A thermal management system (TMS) based on R134a refrigerant is proposed, which not only meet the thermal requirements of cabin, but also refrigerant-directly cool and heat battery. Compared with the traditional electric vehicle (EV) TMSs, an electronic expansion valve (EXV) is equipped after the battery cooling/heating plate in the refrigerant branch circuit. The mainly working modes of the TMS and their control methods are described in detail. The paper applies mathematical one-dimension simulation method to analyze the feasibility of mainly working modes, including battery preheating mode, mixed heating mode, low-temperature mixed heating mode. The results show that the TMS is completely feasible to balance the heat distribution between cabin and battery by controlling the EXVs opening. In the battery pre-heating mode, the relationship between refrigerant state of cooling/heating plate outlet and the battery temperature uniformity is analyzed, and a control strategy to improve the battery temperature uniformity is proposed. In low temperature environment, when the TMS switches from cabin heating mode to mixed heating mode, the cabin air temperature will drop sharply. This is because the battery temperature is too low, that pressure of TMS is too low to maintain the heating demand of the cabin.

A multi-cell Cellular Automata model of traffic flow with emergency vehicles: Effect of a corridor of life and drivers’ behaviour

The intensity of traffic flow is constantly increasing, which causes significant difficulties in the movement of emergency vehicles through the city. Observations conclude that there is a need to pay more attention to drivers for an approaching emergency vehicle by implementing new technologies in cars and road infrastructure and educating drivers. One way to present valuable results is to use mathematical and computer simulation methods. Various macroscopic and microscopic road traffic models allow traffic flow analysis. However, it should be emphasised that standard traffic flow models do not include emergency vehicle traffic. We propose a multi-agent microscopic model for analysing the traffic flow of emergency vehicles in an urban environment, with some limitations to the distance between vehicles and their proper distribution (“corridor of life”) to leave a free passage for a privileged vehicle. Real data was used to calibrate and validate the model. Our simulation studies show the importance of certain aspects of road traffic (distance between cars, “corridor of life”, size and type of roadside, frictional conflict, etc.) to increase/decrease the traffic flow considering the approaching emergency vehicle.

Power skiving як сучасний спосіб нарізання зубчастих коліс та особливості його моделювання

Aim. Analyze the state of the branch of new Power skiving technology, the limits of its rational use, its advantages and disadvantages, to form the main directions of development of this method of tooth cutting and optimization of the structure and geometry of its cutting tool. Method. The research consists in the analysis of numerous works; they are devoted to a new effective method of tooth processing, systematization of scientific knowledge and practical experience, developed methods of mathematical modeling and computer simulation of the Power skiving process for its further improvement and application in the production of gear wheels. Results. The results of the analysis and systematization of data on Power skiving made it possible to identify the shortcomings of known methods and approaches to modeling and outline the main directions for their improvement. The scientific novelty and practical significance lies in the fact that, on the basis of the processed information, new approaches to the kinematical description of the process and the optimization of the geometry of cup cutters have been developed, as well as the directions for improving the Power skiving technology and the cutting tool for this method have been substantiated for the most effective use in the production of gear wheels.

Model‐Based Design, HIL Testing, and Rapid Control Prototyping of a Low‐Cost POC Quadcopter with Stability Analysis and Control

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), particularly quadcopters, have several medical, agriculture, surveillance, and security applications. However, the use of this innovative technology for civilian applications is still very limited in low‐income countries due to the high cost, whereas low‐cost controllers available in the market are often tuned using the hit and trial approach and are limited for specific applications. This paper addresses this issue and presents a novel proof of concept (POC) low‐cost quadcopter UAV design approach using a systematic Model‐Based Design (MBD) method for mathematical modeling, simulation, real‐time testing, and prototyping. The quadcopter dynamic model is developed, and controllers are designed using Proportional Integral, and Derivative (PID), Pole Placement, and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control strategies. The stability of the controllers is also checked using Lyapunov stability analysis. For verification and validation (V&V) of the design, Software‐in‐the‐Loop, Processor‐in‐the‐Loop, Hardware‐in‐the‐loop testing, and Rapid Control Prototyping have been performed. The V&V methods of the MBD approach showed practically valid results with a stable flight of the quadcopter prototype. The proposed low‐cost POC quadcopter design approach can be easily modified to have enhanced features, and quadcopters with different design parameters can be assembled using this approach for a diverse range of applications.

МОЖЛИВОСТІ ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ БЮДЖЕТНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РОЗВИТКУ ШКІЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ В УКРАЇНІ

The efficiency of budgetary funding for general secondary education is a quite relevant issue, as such funding requires a significant proportion of budget resources spent on education. International researchers have suggested different approaches to determining this efficiency. The article examines if it’s possible to use one of the modifications of the Data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to assess the efficiency of budget financing of general secondary education. This method was tested on the data on the financing of schools in the Zaporizhzhia region of Ukraine in 2020 using resources from four types of local communities budgets (regional budget, city budget, district budget and the LC budget). The resulting indicators of the model (outputs of funding) have been constructed based on the results of the nationwide external independent assessment in several subjects, which the students obtained after graduation. The authors offered several variants of the resulting indicator and calculated the integrated efficiency indicator. It is shown that it is partly possible to solve the problems of optimization of the network of secondary education institutions by the simulation approach using DEA. The quality of education is generally lower in small general secondary education institutions, as such they need to be reorganized. At the same time, other school activity indicators that may not be reflected in education statistics need to be taken into account when making final management decisions to optimize the school network, in addition to the results of a nationwide independent external evaluation. In particular, economic and social factors should be further considered, such as the possibility of economic development of the settlement at the expense of local resources, infrastructure, proximity to markets, energy factors, etc. In this case, the methods of economic and mathematical simulation are applicable.

Estimates of the state of distributed systems by mathematical and mapping simulation methods on the example of HFRS disease data in the territory of the Republic Bashkortostan

Estimates of the state of distributed systems by mathematical and mapping simulation methods on the example of HFRS disease data in the territory of the Republic Bashkortostan

Addressing Residual Interference in Massive MIMO Utilizing Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces

This paper proposes a novel method to address coherent interference (pilot contamination) in Massive MIMO by incorporating control over propagation environment through Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces. In earlier research it was established that each mobile device has unique spatial signature which can be used as identifier even if they are sharing same pilot sequence. However in certain circumstances when their signals are received at BS with same Angle of Arrival their spatial structure become similar thus their individual identity is lost. This situation adds error in acquisition of channel state information, the accuracy of which is the key to benefit from Massive MIMO. This paper present a method to resolve the mentioned accepted gap using mathematical basis and simulation methods. A mathematical model of Massive MIMO is presented which is widely accepted by the subject modeling community. The model is then used to generate the basis for the presented algorithm through further mathematical studies and simulations. The basic algorithm used for the resolution of pilot contamination problem is finally presented in this paper. The algorithm was simulated using MATLAB and simulation results are tabulated to identify the results of pilot de-contamination after incorporating signal propagation control.

Personal income taxation in the human capital development incentive

The article substantiates the opportunities for stimulating the human capital development through personal income taxation in Ukraine. The need for constant investments in the human capital for improvement of its quality has been substantiated by conceptual provisions of the human capital theory and empiric researches of its influence on economic growth. The completed analysis of theoretical concepts and practical use of income taxes worldwide allows substantiating the fact that concept of a flat income taxation can be successfully used to promote the human capital development. However, the analysis of income tax systems abroad shows that separate taxation tools for personal income, including tax allowances for education, are more efficient. This is especially typical for developing countries. In estimating investments in the human capital in Ukraine, it is found out that the share of working population with high skills increases against the decreasing actual expenses for higher education. In a meantime, foreign countries demonstrate the other economically correct dependence: the qualification level increases as real expenses to gain it increase. The analysis of real national expenses in Ukraine for one student and in the country in general also demonstrate their decrease. This proves the presence of problems in Ukraine that relate to financing the system of higher education. The methods of economic and mathematical simulation by building and parametrizing a number of functions allowed to substantiate the influence of investments in human education on the increase of the highly skilled labor, which in turn leads to the GDP growth. A scientific and methodical approach has been developed, based on the algorithm that takes into account the influence of the highly skilled labor factor (considering expenses for gaining the qualification) on the GDP level. This approach allows estimating the effectiveness of expenses on tax allowances and expediency of their use to promote investments in higher education in Ukraine. The economic consequences of the human capital development incentive by introducing tax allowances in Ukraine have been estimated. It is established that if the state increases expenses for higher education by granting allowances, the share of working population with high skills increases, thereby causing the GDP to grow by means of increasing employment level. However, it has been found out that the expenses for tax allowances are reimbursed only in the case where investments in fixed assets increase and amount no less than 25 % of the GDP.

Simulation method of oil-water two-phase transient flow in dual-porosity system in tight reservoir

The fracturing development process of tight oil reservoir has the characteristics of multiphase seepage and heterogeneity of reservoir fracture network, which makes it difficult to simulate the oil-water flow of multi-fractured horizontal well. In this paper, a novel mathematical analytical simulation method for oil-water two phase transient flow in matrix-fracture dual-porosity system of tight oil reservoirs is proposed, which considers the characteristics of oil-water two-phase seepage in matrix-hydraulic fracture-fracture network dual-porosity system. At the same time, a dynamic drainage-area is introduced to solve the fracture heterogeneity problem. The material balance equations in the three regions of matrix-hydraulic fracture-fracture network system are solved based on Newton-Raphson method. The changes of average pressure, cumulative oil-water production and daily oil-water production with time in different regions of fractured horizontal wells during production are accurately and systematically simulated and predicted. With laboratory data as constraints, this method can reduce the amount of analytical calculation, improve the understanding of oil-water two-phase transient flow in matrix-fracture dual-media system of tight oil reservoirs and guide the efficient fracturing development of tight reservoirs.

Mobility of vehicles for transportation of heavy indivisible load in the Far North and methods of mobility estimation

The article presents a hierarchy of performance properties of vehicles for the transportation of heavy indivisible goods. Different methods can be used to determine the performance properties measures. The article presents the measurers of performance properties, the numerical values of which are obtained by using the method of mathematical modelling and simulation, the method of natural mathematical modelling and experimental methods of evaluation. The article identifies the problem of logistics in the Far North and in regions with no road infrastructure. The question under discussion is a burning question. The solutions to the problem have been discussed. One of the solutions to the problem is the development of new vehicles for the transportation of heavy indivisible loads in the Far North. For each vehicle it is necessary to take into account its functional purpose. Only a certain set of the most important perfomance properties should be taken into account. The most significant properties characterizing the mobility property are determined.