Mathematical Model Of Dependence Research Articles

Technology for cleaning glass substrates in glow discharge plasma for microfluidics applications

The production of microfluidic chips is increasing every year because the technology using the chip allows you to make an express test to obtain the analysis, as well as economically viable. Often microfluidic chips are based on glass in which the microchannels are formed. Accurate production of a microfluidic device requires careful preparation of the glass substrate to improve adhesion for further application of functional layers. The choice of cleaning mode strongly affects the output product, so a clear understanding of what factors affect the quality of cleaning in HF plasma is needed. Mathematical modeling of dependence between plasma power of the glow discharge, time and gas medium first of all gives understanding which cleaning mode is optimal and which parameter affects stronger very relevant for development of this potentially promising technology of quality products.

МНОГОФАКТОРНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ И ОЦЕНКА НАДЕЖНОСТИ ЭЛЕКТРОУСТАНОВОК САМОХОДНЫХ ПОДВИЖНЫХ СОСТАВОВ ЖЕЛЕЗНОЙ ДОРОГИ

Static analysis and evaluation based on findings from long-term observations on operating equipment, forecasting and rationing of optimal reliability as well as the rational choice of technical solutions during their development and operation represent a practical challenge related to reliability of SSPS, as in any complex technical objects. The article presents the analysis and evaluation of calculation of reliability and the choice of technical solutions ensuring it during operations of electrical installations of self-propelled rolling stock of the railway. It also describes an example of solving a practical problem using standard and special methods of reliability theory and optimal solutions. A mathematical model of dependence has been determined, which allows predicting reliability of a synchronous generator of the automatic transmission when the initial resource is triggered for any real operating conditions and assigning optimal frequency of maintenance.

Copyright Protection vs Free Movement of Goods within the Internal Market of the EU

The article is about identification of statistical patterns in the field of trademarks and service marksregistration. To identify patterns, official statistical data provided in the relevant state collections were used. The analysis of dynamic changes in the certificates and the filled applications allowed us to indicate positive conclusions about the intellectual property registration in Russia. The article also provided the hypothesis of the dependency between the number of organizations in a certain region and the number of registered trademarks and service marks. It was concluded that the hypothesis put forward about the presence of a possible dependence between the number of organizations in a certain region and the number of registered trademarks and service marks was partially confirmed. There really is a pattern, that is, with an increase in the number of organizations in a certain region, the number of registered trademarks and service marks increased, but it was not possible to build a clear mathematical model of dependence.

Оценка и прогнозирование персонального профессионального риска с уточнением его категорий при помощи вероятностных методов

Existing approaches to occupational risk assessment more often involve evaluating its group levels and individual risks are assessed less frequently. These approaches provide deterministic risk assessment which doesn’t take into account uncertainty in risk categorizing when its values are close to boundaries between adjoining risks categories. It substantiates the necessity to assess occupational risk levels using probabilistic methods. Our research object was occupational risk and the basic subject was distribution of individual occupational risk levels among workers. Our test group was made up of oil and gas extraction operators exposed to noise equal to 80–85 dBA at their workplaces (173 people). Our control group included oil and gas extraction operators and engineering and technical personnel occupationally exposed to noise equal to 60–77.8 dBA (259 people). We performed a priori assessment of occupational health risks; accomplished epidemiologic analysis of a cause-effect relation between health disorders and work; calculated group occupational health risks; calculated and predicted individual occupational risk using mathematical modeling of dependence between probable negative responses and working conditions, age, and period of employment; determined risk categories more precisely using fuzzy sets by calculating the membership function. As a result, we established that proven individual risk levels were distributed unevenly (1.06•10-4–1.47•10-2) as per categories within a group characterized with a suspected average risk level. A category of proven individual risk levels was determined more precisely using fuzzy sets; after that distribution of probability of their membership was evaluated to detect that at the moment of the research a share of workers with their proven individual occupational risks falling into lower risk categories (p > 0.5) amounted to 89.6 %. We attempted to predict risks for the whole employment period given that working conditions remained the same and no prevention activities were provided. Our prediction revealed that individual occupational risks would remain unacceptable for all workers in the test group and would amount to 2.53•10-2–3.51•10-2; a risk category was also expected to become higher. In-dividual occupational risk would be categorized as average for most workers and as high for 23 % of them (p < 0.5).

Assessing and predicting individual occupational risk and determining its exact categories using probabilistic methods

Existing approaches to occupational risk assessment more often involve evaluating its group levels and individual risks are assessed less frequently. These approaches provide deterministic risk assessment which doesn’t take into account uncertainty in risk categorizing when its values are close to boundaries between adjoining risks categories. It substantiates the necessity to assess occupational risk levels using probabilistic methods. Our research object was occupational risk and the basic subject was distribution of individual occupational risk levels among workers. Our test group was made up of oil and gas extraction operators exposed to noise equal to 80–85 dBA at their workplaces (173 people). Our control group included oil and gas extraction operators and engineering and technical personnel occupationally exposed to noise equal to 60–77.8 dBA (259 people). We performed a priori assessment of occupational health risks; accomplished epidemiologic analysis of a cause-effect relation between health disorders and work; calculated group occupational health risks; calculated and predicted individual occupational risk using mathematical modeling of dependence between probable negative responses and working conditions, age, and period of employment; determined risk categories more precisely using fuzzy sets by calculating the membership function. As a result, we established that proven individual risk levels were distributed unevenly (1.06•10-4–1.47•10-2) as per categories within a group characterized with a suspected average risk level. A category of proven individual risk levels was determined more precisely using fuzzy sets; after that distribution of probability of their membership was evaluated to detect that at the moment of the research a share of workers with their proven individual occupational risks falling into lower risk categories (p > 0.5) amounted to 89.6 %. We attempted to predict risks for the whole employment period given that working conditions remained the same and no prevention activities were provided. Our prediction revealed that individual occupational risks would remain unacceptable for all workers in the test group and would amount to 2.53•10-2–3.51•10-2; a risk category was also expected to become higher. In-dividual occupational risk would be categorized as average for most workers and as high for 23 % of them (p < 0.5).

Определение математической зависимости плотности черного щелока от содержания сухих веществ (хвойная ЦВВ)

A modern evaporator station is an energy-saving production of evaporated liquor with high dry matter content for ensuring the minimum SO2 emissions from the soda recovery boiler. Such stations are equipped with Falling Film devices and consist of 5–7 stages. The necessity to improve and create new black liquor concentrators is driven by the increased attention to environmental issues and the wish to produce liquor with a higher calorific value. The physical properties of black liquor depend on its composition and have a significant impact on the selection and design of evaporators. The main properties considered in the evaporation and combustion processes are density, viscosity, surface tension, heating value and boiling temperature. One of the most important characteristics of the liquor evaporation is its viscosity, since it determines the ability of the liquor to pump and affects the design features. Another equally important characteristic is density. With its help, the dry matter content and evaporation process in the main stages of the liquor regeneration are regulated. The study was carried out to determine the mathematical dependence of the black liquor density on the dry matter content for high yield softwood pulp. The study objectives were the following: analyze the effect of the dry matter temperature and concentration on the density of black liquor obtained from cooking high yield softwood pulp according to the technological flow of production; develop a mathematical model of dependence of the black liquor density of high yield sulphate softwood pulp on the concentration and temperature; conduct the TAPPI comparative testing of the results of mathematical and correlation dependences. A mathematical dependence of the black liquor density on the temperature and dry matter content required for immediate technological calculations of chemical regeneration departments in sulphate production of semi-finished products for cardboard was obtained. The following equation of mathematical dependence based on the conducted research, regression analysis, and mathematical processing of the results was obtained: ρ = 0.974 + 0.0071x – 0.0002t – 0.000007xt – 0.00000045t2 – 0.0000045x2 (where ρ – density, g/cm3; x – dry matter content, %; t – temperature, °C). It allows calculating with the highest accuracy the density of black liquor obtained from cooking high yield softwood sulphate pulp. Comparative testing of the results of the developed mathematical dependence and correlation dependence (published by TAPPI) of black liquor density on the dry matter content was carried out. A high level of comparability of the proposed mathematical equations was found.

Forecasting methods for the total evapotranspiration of fodder crops in arid conditions of Kalmykia

In 1995-2015, in the dry steppe and semi-desert zones of the Caspian lowland, a series of experimental studies were conducted on brown and light chestnut soils to establish the total evapotranspiration of annual fodder crops using irrigated arable land. Four different methods were studied; the water balance method was used as a control one. The temperature coefficients of the total water consumption, as well as the coefficients of an air humidity deficit combined with the scale of biological time of vegetation were determined. Specified coefficients of water consumption were determined; they were differentiated depending on different conditions of mineral nutrition and the planned yield. For production conditions, biological and mathematical models of dependence have been developed in order to determine an optimal water regime in the arid zone. Based on the obtained experimental data, the convergence of the calculated values obtained by the bioclimatic and water balance methods was achieved. The planned crop yield was produced.

The Social Economic Factors and Models of Forecasting Mortality Because of Cardiovascular Diseases

The purpose of the study is modeling and analysis of effect of social economic characteristics of regions on population mortality of cardiovascular diseases. The official data of the Federal service of state statistics of the Russian Federation were used concerning social economic indices and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in the regions of Russia in 2012. The selection of social economic indices included percentage of males in population structure, percentage of individuals of retirement age, percentage of urban population, percentage of individuals with income lower that living wage, percentage of the unemployed individuals, Gini coefficient, percentage of individuals with university education, atmosphere air pollution with emissions of permanent sources, average per capita consumption of vodka and liqueurs, criminality, percentage of regional budget for social cultural expenses, percentage of workers involved in unhealthy labor conditions from total number of population of region. The selection of indices of mortality of cardiovascular diseases included class of diseases of blood circulation system in general, ischemic heart disease and class of cerebrovascular diseases. The mortality was evaluated in overall by population and separately on able-bodied age. The modeling of dependence of mortality from social economic indices was implemented using regression analysis. The calculated ?-coefficients and coefficients of determination were applied to determine approximate input of each predictor into alteration of levels of mortality. The statistically significant mathematical models of dependence of mortality on number of social economic indices were derived. The values explain on 40-75% spreading of regional indices of mortality. The percentage of input of age factor into regional differences of mortality reaches 13-35% in various classes of cardiovascular mortality. Besides, in able-bodied age the average per capita consumption of hard alcoholic beverages (vodka and liqueurs) can be considered as a stable predictor of cardiovascular mortality with corresponding input of 5-7% in the regional differences. The other social economic indices demonstrate a statistically significant relationship only in certain indices of mortality that permits to surmise about only supposed cause-and-effect relationships.

The relationship between phase composition and conditions of sintering seawater derived magnesium oxide

This study has focused on the favourable effect of the TiO2 addition (1, 2 and 5 wt%) on the reduction of B2O3 content during activated sintering of magnesium oxide from seawater at temperatures of 1400, 1500 and 1700°C for the duration of 1, 2 and 4 h. A mathematical model of dependence between the B2O3 mass fraction in the sintered sample, the temperature of isothermal sintering, the isothermal sintering time and the mass fraction of TiO2 added have been proposed. Magnesium oxide was obtained from seawater by substoichiometric precipitation, with the addition of 80% of dolomite lime as the precipitation agent. New phases formed in magnesium oxide samples were examined by the XRD and SEM/EDS analysis. The results indicate that during activated sintering of seawater-derived magnesium oxide with a TiO2 addition, reactions of formation of Ca2B2O5, CaTiO3 and Mg2TiO4 took place simultaneously. The thermodynamics analysis of experimental results, based on the Onsager reciprocity relations (symmetry relations), was applied and phenomenological coefficients were calculated to describe the interference of these three irreversible processes.

QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF DISPERSION-STRENGTHENED ALUMINUM-BASED SAP-ISML COMPOSITE ALLOY

The article is devoted to the analysis of the composition and properties of dispersion-strengthened aluminum-based SAP-ISML composite materials, which are used in various industries, including the aviation. The properties of such materials have been analyzed with the aim of ensuring the management of their quality for rational use and subsequent disposal. Mathematical models of dependence of parameters of dispersed-hardened materials on the basis of aluminum of SAP-ISML type on the aluminum content and temperature are constructed.

Mathematical models of dependence of surface temperatures of exposed metal plates on environmental parameters

The present paper sets out the mathematical models that control the surface temperature of metal plates during atmospheric exposure. Heat transfer can be modelled by a series of heat transfer coefficients for different thermal processes, i.e. conduction, natural convection, forced convection, radiative heat losses to the sky, radiative heat transfer to or from the ground, incoming solar radiation, and evaporation and condensation. The model is applied to predict the surface temperature of near horizontal galvanised steel plates. Undercooling of a galvanised plate relative to the ambient air, i.e.the extent to which the temperature of the plate falls below that of its surroundings, is calculated for both clear and cloudy nights, with and without a slight breeze. It is found that breezes and clouds significantly decrease the extent of undercooling. The temperature differences between the plate and the ambient air after sunrise are also calculated. It is found that the prime factors controlling the post-sunrise temperature difference are whether the plate is wet or dry, whether the sky is cloudy or clear, and the wind speed. Under certain conditions, the increase in plate temperature relative to the surrounding air may be substantially suppressed. The time for wetted salts and aerosols to dry on plates post-sunrise is calculated and, under those conditions where the rise in temperature difference is suppressed, it may take a number of hours for aerosols to dry out. Estimates of temperature difference are compared with experimental data, and parametric equations for estimating surface temperature are presented. The relevance of the results to models of atmospheric corrosion is discussed.

Nonlinear mathematical modelling of process of abrasive deterioration of surfaces of materials

Mathematical models of dependence of volumetric and weight deterioration of surfaces of materials and also the areas of a touch of a rubber roller and a sample from the sizes of the deformed roller, linear deterioration and granularity of abrasive particles are resulted. Work of models in boundary conditions is shown. The comparative estimation of model work in the first and second approximation is given.

INFLUENCE OF HOMOGENEITY OF MINERAL MATERIALS' GRADING AND DOSING ERRORS ON THE STABILITY OF ASPHALT CONCRETE MIXTURE COMPOSITION

Abstract Errors of optimal composition asphalt concrete mixture designed in the laboratory and their importance for road construction are investigated. After the analysis of asphalt concrete production according to the traditional technology, factors influencing its structure, characteristics and quality are systematised. Mathematical models of dependence of medium quadratic deviations of siftings of finite dosed mineral materials through control sieves on the means of siftings are estimated by a regressive analysis. Variations of grading of hot fractions 0–5 mm and 5–15 mm as well as cold mineral powder sieved through technological sieves of mixing equipment and influence of errors of dosing these mineral materials in the produced mixture on the stability of quantity of containing mineral components (crushed stone, sand and mineral filler) are identified. The main trends of asphalt concrete structure and handling of its equipment methods improvement are presented.

Structure-Activity Studies of Aminophosphonic Derivatives of Fluorene

The aminophosphonic acid derivatives of tluorene of the general structure: represent an interesting class of plant growth regulators. Some of our compounds happen to be of high biological activity, comparable with known herbicide-N-phosphonomethylglycine In this paper present a mathematical model of dependence of biological as a hnction of molecular features.