Maternal History Of Asthma Research Articles

Association of prenatal vitamin E levels with child asthma and wheeze.

We investigated the individual and interaction effects of maternal plasma 𝛂- and ϒ-tocopherol levels (vitamin E isomers) on child asthma and wheeze at age 8-9. Mother-child dyads were enrolled between 2006 and 2011 into the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) prenatal cohort. Maternal second-trimester samples were analyzed for tocopherol and lipid concentrations. We assessed child asthma/wheeze using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) and other self-reported Ent wheeze. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, we assessed associations between vitamin E isomers and child asthma/wheeze outcomes (n = 847 mother-child dyads) and tested for prespecified interaction terms. Median cholesterol-corrected tocopherol levels (interquartile range (IQR)) were 5.0 (4.3-5.7) and 0.8 (0.7-0.9) (umol/mmol) for 𝛂- and ϒ-tocopherol, respectively. Associations between 𝛂-tocopherol and asthma outcome variables were inverse but not statistically significant. In contrast, for ϒ-tocopherol, associations were in the positive direction, but also nonsignificant. Interactions analysis between tocopherols did not reach statistical significance for any outcome. Among children of women with a history of asthma, the likelihood of ever asthma in the child appears to be decreasing with increasing maternal 𝛂-tocopherol levels, whereas this trend was not observed among those without a history of asthma (p-interaction = .05). We observed no associations for prenatal 𝛂- or ϒ-tocopherol concentrations with child asthma/wheeze. We detected some evidence of effect modification by maternal asthma history in associations between 𝛂-tocopherol and child asthma.

Risk factors of food sensitization in young children with atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic and relapsing skin disease in children and food allergies have been well documented in one-third of children. However, there are limit data about the risk factors of food sensitization in children with AD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with food sensitization, among AD children. A cross-sectional study, from the electronic medical records of 119 AD patients, aged from 2 to 5 years were reviewed. The demographic data, onset and severity of AD, family history of atopy, age of first antibiotic usage, age of first applying and frequency of moisturizer used, age of introduction to allergenic foods and food specific IgE levels were recorded. The prevalence of food sensitization was; 60%. The most common food allergens were egg white (56.8%), cow's milk (40%) and wheat (34.7%). The significant factors associated with overall food sensitization were; history of parent-reported food allergies (OR = 4.4, P = 0.001), severe AD (OR = 4.5, P = 0.03) and breast feeding > 6 months (OR = 3.5, P = 0.002). Factors associated with egg white allergies were the history of parent-reported food allergies (OR = 3.8, P = 0.02), and severe AD (OR = 4.2, P = 0.04). There were also significant factors associated with cow's milk allergies this being; severe AD (OR = 6, P = 0.03) and a maternal history of asthma (OR = 10.9, P = 0.01). Severe AD was a factor associated with all food sensitization, egg allergy and cow's milk allergy. Maternal asthma was also significantly associated with cow's milk allergy.

Maternal stressful life events during pregnancy and childhood asthma and wheeze

BackgroundStudies have linked prenatal maternal psychosocial stress to childhood wheeze/asthma but have rarely investigated factors that may mitigate risks. ObjectiveTo investigate associations between prenatal stress and childhood wheeze/asthma, evaluating factors that may modify stress effects. MethodsParticipants included 2056 mother-child dyads from Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO)-PATHWAYS, a consortium of 3 prospective pregnancy cohorts (the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood study, The Infant Development and Environment Study, and a subset of the Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth study) from 6 cities. Maternal stressful life events experienced during pregnancy (PSLEs) were reported using the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System Stressful Life Events questionnaire. Parents reported child wheeze/asthma outcomes at age 4 to 6 years using standardized questionnaires. We defined outcomes as ever asthma, current wheeze, current asthma, and strict asthma. We used modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors (SEs) to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CI per 1-unit increase in PSLE, adjusting for confounders. We evaluated effect modification by child sex, maternal history of asthma, maternal childhood traumatic life events, neighborhood-level resources, and breastfeeding. ResultsOverall, we observed significantly elevated risk for current wheeze with increasing PSLE (RR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.03-1.14]), but not for other outcomes. We observed significant effect modification by child sex for strict asthma (P interaction = .03), in which risks were elevated in boys (RR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.02-1.19]) but not in girls. For all other outcomes, risks were significantly elevated in boys and not in girls, although there was no statistically significant evidence of effect modification. We observed no evidence of effect modification by other factors (P interactions > .05). ConclusionRisk of adverse childhood respiratory outcomes is higher with increasing maternal PSLEs, particularly in boys.

Factors Predicting Secondary Respiratory Morbidity Following Early-Life Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections: Population-Based Cohort Study.

The association between early-life respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections and later respiratory morbidity is well established. However, there is limited evidence on factors that influence this risk. We examined sociodemographic and perinatal factors associated with later childhood respiratory morbidity requiring secondary care following exposure to a laboratory-confirmed RSV episode in the first 2 years. We used a probabilistically linked whole-of-population-based birth cohort including 252 287 children born in Western Australia between 2000 and 2009 with follow-up to the end of 2012. Cox proportional hazards models estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of the association of various risk factors with the first respiratory episode for asthma, wheezing, and unspecified acute lower respiratory infection beyond the age of 2 years. The analytic cohort included 4151 children with a confirmed RSV test before age 2 years. The incidence of subsequent respiratory morbidity following early-life RSV infection decreased with child age at outcome (highest incidence in 2-<4-year-olds: 41.8 per 1000 child-years; 95% CI, 37.5-46.6), increased with age at RSV infection (6-<12-month-olds: 23.6/1000 child-years; 95% CI, 19.9-27.8; 12-<24-month-olds: 22.4/1000 child-years; 95% CI, 18.2-22.7) and decreasing gestational age (50.8/1000 child-years; 95% CI, 33.5-77.2 for children born extremely preterm, <28 weeks gestation). Risk factors included age at first RSV episode (6-<12 months: aHR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.06-1.90), extreme prematurity (<28 weeks: aHR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.40-3.53), maternal history of asthma (aHR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.04-1.70), and low socioeconomic index (aHR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.03-3.00). Our results suggest that in addition to preterm and young infants, children aged 12-<24 months could also be potential target groups for RSV prevention to reduce the burden of later respiratory morbidities associated with RSV.

Prevalence, associated factors, and impact of adolescent asthma in Taiwan: Global Asthma Network phase I survey

BackgroundThe prevalence of asthma in Taiwan was increasing in the past 30 years, causing a great impact on adolescent health. This study aimed to investigate the current prevalence, impact, and associated factors of asthma in Taiwanese adolescents. Material and methodsParents or guardians provided passive consent at home prior to the survey. Adolescents aged 13–14 years completed a questionnaire survey in 2017 in Taipei, Taiwan. The prevalence, impact, and associated factors of asthma were analyzed. We also compared the asthma prevalence with the prevalence in 1995 and 2001. ResultsWe analyzed 3474 validated questionnaires. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was 12.4%. The prevalence of current wheezing was 9.2% in 2017, which was 5.2% in 1995 and 7.0% in 2001. 3.3% of 13–14-year-old adolescents had severe asthma symptoms. Asthma significantly impacted the lives of adolescents. Of the students with asthma, 10.9% had school absenteeism, 16.5% urgently needed to see a doctor, 9.5% went to the emergency department, and 3.5% were admitted to hospitals within the preceding 12 months. The associated factors for physician-diagnosed asthma in Taiwanese adolescents were male (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.83; p = 0.02), maternal history of asthma (PR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.69–4.02; p < 0.01), and recent paracetamol use at least once per month (PR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.24–5.42; p = 0.01). The associated factors for school absenteeism were nocturnal cough (PR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.16–3.41; p = 0.01), current wheezing (PR, 7.52; 95% CI, 4.39–12.9; p < 0.01), and recent paracetamol use (at least once per month, PR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.10–9.06; p = 0.03; at least once per year, PR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.25–3.83; p < 0.01). ConclusionsThe prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was 12.4%. Asthma substantially impacted the lives of adolescents. Reducing nocturnal cough, wheezing frequency, and paracetamol usage might help decrease school absenteeism.

Bisphenol and phthalate exposure during pregnancy and the development of childhood lung function and asthma. The Generation R Study

BackgroundFetal exposure to bisphenols and phthalates may lead to alterations in the respiratory and immune system development in children, and to adverse respiratory health. AimTo study the associations of fetal bisphenols and phthalates exposure with lung function and asthma at age 13 years. Study design and methodsThis study among 1020 children was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort study. We measured maternal urine bisphenol and phthalate concentrations in the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy, and lung function by spirometry and asthma by questionnaires at age 13 years. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were applied. ResultsMaternal urine bisphenol and phthalate concentrations averaged during pregnancy were not associated with childhood lung function or asthma. Associations of maternal urine bisphenol and phthalate concentrations in specific trimesters with respiratory outcomes showed that one interquartile range increase in the natural log-transformed maternal urine mono-isobutyl phthalate concentration in the second trimester was associated with a higher FEV1/FVC, but not with asthma, accounting for confounders and multiple-testing correction. Although there were associations of higher second trimester bisphenol S with a lower FVC and FEV1 in boys and girls, and of higher first trimester bisphenol S with a decreased risk of asthma in boys and an increased risk of asthma in girls, these results did not remain significant after correction for multiple testing. Results were not modified by maternal history of asthma or atopy. ConclusionsMaternal urine bisphenol and phthalate concentrations averaged or in specific trimesters during pregnancy were not strongly associated with childhood lung function and asthma at age 13 years. BPS, as a BPA substitute, tended to be associated with impaired lung function and altered risk of asthma, partly sex-dependent, but its strength was limited by a relatively low detection rate and should be queried in contemporary cohorts.

Role of Air Pollution in the Development of Asthma Among Children with a History of Bronchiolitis in Infancy.

Infants experiencing bronchiolitis are at increased risk for asthma, but few studies have identified modifiable risk factors. We assessed whether early life air pollution influenced child asthma and wheeze at age 4-6 years among children with a history of bronchiolitis in the first postnatal year. Children with caregiver-reported physician-diagnosed bronchiolitis were drawn from ECHO-PATHWAYS, a pooled longitudinal cohort from six US cities. We estimated their air pollution exposure from age 1 to 3 years from validated spatiotemporal models of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and ozone (O 3 ). Caregivers reported children's current wheeze and asthma at age 4-6 years. We used modified Poisson regression to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for child, maternal, and home environmental factors. We assessed effect modification by child sex and maternal history of asthma with interaction models. A total of 224 children had caregiver-reported bronchiolitis. Median (interquartile range) 2-year pollutant concentrations were 9.3 (7.8-9.9) µg/m 3 PM 2.5 , 8.5 (6.4-9.9) ppb NO 2 , and 26.6 (25.6-27.7) ppb O 3 . RRs (CI) for current wheeze per 2-ppb higher O 3 were 1.3 (1.0-1.7) and 1.4 (1.1-1.8) for asthma. NO 2 was inversely associated with wheeze and asthma whereas associations with PM 2.5 were null. We observed interactions between NO 2 and PM 2.5 and maternal history of asthma, with lower risks observed among children with a maternal history of asthma. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to modest postnatal O 3 concentrations increases the risk of asthma and wheeze among the vulnerable subpopulation of infants experiencing bronchiolitis.

Childhood Asthma and its Associated Factors Among Children Attending a Tertiary Level Hospital Kathmandu

Introduction: Childhood asthma is one of the most common non-communicable chronic pulmonary diseases of children and causes considerable morbidity. Prevalence of childhood asthma has grown dramatically in developed as well as developing countries. The objective of the study was to find out the factors associated with childhood asthma among children attending Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study design was adopted and 152 parents were selected by using non probability purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using pre tested structured with an interview schedule after permission from concerned authorities. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistic with SPSS IBM 16. Results: The finding of the study revealed that various factors were associated with childhood asthma. Among child related factors, age of children 6 years and above (p-value = &lt; 0.001, OR = 4.190, 95% CI: 1.814 - 9.678), absence of exclusive breast feeding (p-value = 0.021, OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.062 - 4.351), history of recurrent allergy and rhinitis (p-value 0.049, OR = 1.9117, 95% CI: .953 - 3.856) and influenza vaccine (p-value = 0.001, OR = 3.714 95% CI:1.691-8.157) and in maternal factors, history of asthma in mother (p-value = 0.002, OR = 13.662, 95% CI:1.729 - 107.994), and on environmental factors, presence of dampness at home (p-value = 0.001, OR = 3.7142, 95% CI: 1.5584 - 9.3408) were found to have significant association with childhood asthma. Conclusions: It could be concluded that 50.7% of children were diagnosed as asthma. Several factors were associated with childhood asthma. Children age 6 years and above, lack of exclusive breast feeding, history of recurrent allergy and rhinitis and presence of dampness at home, maternal history of asthma and seeking of influenza vaccine were found significant association with childhood asthma.

Asthma Comorbidities: Frequency, Risk Factors, and Associated Burden in Children and Adolescents.

Identifying asthma comorbidities in children is fundamental for improving disease management. We aimed to investigate the frequency of allergy-related comorbidities in children and adolescents with asthma, and to identify associated risk factors and disease burden. Between September 2015 and December 2018, 508 asthmatic patients (5–17 years) were consecutively enrolled. Parents answered a standardized questionnaire on the history of disease and risk factors. Comorbidities were classified based on the involvement of respiratory and/or extra-respiratory districts: asthma only (A, 13%), asthma with respiratory comorbidities (AR, 37%), asthma with extra-respiratory comorbidities (AER, 10%), and asthma with both respiratory and extra-respiratory comorbidities (ARER, 40%). Multinomial logistic regression showed that membership in the AR group was significantly associated with a maternal history of asthma (OR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.23–7.72), breastfeeding ≥ three months (OR = 1.92, 1.06–3.46), early mold exposure (OR = 2.39, 1.12–5.11), and current environmental tobacco smoke exposure (OR = 2.06, 1.11–3.83). Membership in the AER group was significantly associated with the female gender (OR = 3.43, 1.54–7.68), breastfeeding ≥ three months (OR = 2.77, 1.23–6.22). ARER was significantly associated with all the aforementioned exposures. Patients with AR reported exacerbations in the last 12 months more frequently (p = 0.009). Several personal and environmental risk factors are associated with comorbidities in asthmatic children and adolescents, possibly worsening the disease burden.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Infants: A Comparative Study Using Discriminant, Probit and Logistic Regression Analysis

In babies, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lung inflammation (pneumonia) or bronchiolitis (inflammation of the lungs' airways). This virus comes with several symptoms such as congested or runny nose, dry cough, low-grade fever, sore throat, sneezing, headache, difficulty in breathing etc. The virus can cause death in babies if not properly managed and therefore calls for immediate investigations to reveal the significant causes. Several research works have been conducted but the idea of investigating more potential predictor variables and the application of both regression and classification models have been grossly understudied. Therefore, unpublished secondary data collected from three different hospitals in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria on fifteen predictor variables which are potential causes of RSV are modeled using two categorical regression approaches – logistic and probit regression models and one classification model – discriminant function analysis. The models were compared using misclassification errors, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) plot, concordance, sensitivity, specificity and pseudo R-square values. The linear discriminant function model outperformed both the logit and probit models. The results showed that paternal history of asthma, maternal history of asthma, mother’s occupation, mother’s smoking habit and mother’s education level were the most important variables to linearly classify seropositive and seronegative RSV patients.

The impact of maternal asthma on the preterm infants' gut metabolome and microbiome (MAP study)

Preterm infants are at a greater risk for the development of asthma and atopic disease, which can lead to lifelong negative health consequences. This may be due, in part, to alterations that occur in the gut microbiome and metabolome during their stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). To explore the differential roles of family history (i.e., predisposition due to maternal asthma diagnosis) and hospital-related environmental and clinical factors that alter microbial exposures early in life, we considered a unique cohort of preterm infants born ≤ 34 weeks gestational age from two local level III NICUs, as part of the MAP (Microbiome, Atopic disease, and Prematurity) Study. From MAP participants, we chose a sub-cohort of infants whose mothers had a history of asthma and matched gestational age and sex to infants of mothers without a history of asthma diagnosis (control). We performed a prospective, paired metagenomic and metabolomic analysis of stool and milk feed samples collected at birth, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks postnatal age. Although there were clinical factors associated with shifts in the diversity and composition of stool-associated bacterial communities, maternal asthma diagnosis did not play an observable role in shaping the infant gut microbiome during the study period. There were significant differences, however, in the metabolite profile between the maternal asthma and control groups at 6 weeks postnatal age. The most notable changes occurred in the linoleic acid spectral network, which plays a role in inflammatory and immune pathways, suggesting early metabolomic changes in the gut of preterm infants born to mothers with a history of asthma. Our pilot study suggests that a history of maternal asthma alters a preterm infants’ metabolomic pathways in the gut, as early as the first 6 weeks of life.

Maternal and early childhood factors associated with asthma and obesity in children aged 6 to 7 years: a case control study.

ABSTRACTObjective To determine the maternal and early childhood factors associated with asthma and obesity in children aged 6 to 7 years.Methods A case-control study conducted with children aged 6 to 7 years. Applications with questions about asthma symptoms in the last 12 months, maternal and childhood data in the first 2 years of life, and anthropometric data were collected. Children who presented asthma symptoms were considered as cases and those without asthma symptoms were considered as controls, later divided into two subgroups that were eutrophic or overweight/obesity. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the association between asthma symptoms (adequate weight and overweight/obesity) and gestational and personal factors, calculating odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Values of p<0.05 were considered significant.Results Two hundred and one children were evaluated, 25.4% had asthma symptoms, 37.2% of them were overweight/obesity. Waist circumference, triceps skinfold, and body mass index were higher in the group with overweight/obesity asthma symptoms compared to no asthma symptoms (p<0.05). Factors significantly associated with asthma and overweight/obesity symptoms included: the maternal history of asthma (odds ratio of 3.73; 95%CI: 1.10-12.6) and hypertension during pregnancy (odds ratio of 3.29; 95%CI: 1.08-9.94).Conclusion Maternal history of asthma and hypertension during pregnancy increased the chances of children, at 6 and 7 years of age, having symptoms of asthma and obesity.

Natural history and associated early life factors of childhood asthma: a population registry-based cohort study in Denmark

ObjectiveAsthma is a common chronic disease that imposes a substantial burden on individuals and society. However, the natural history of childhood asthma in a large population remained to be studied....

Interaction of maternal asthma history and plasma folate levels on child asthma risk in the Boston Birth Cohort.

Previous studies on maternal folate status during pregnancy and child asthma risk yielded mixed results, and few considered maternal asthma history, a known risk factor of childhood asthma. This study examined whether the role of maternal folate in childhood asthma differs by maternal asthma history and whether there is an interaction between the two factors. This study included 1948 mother-child dyads from the Boston Birth Cohort. Childhood asthma was defined based on physician diagnosis documented in electronic medical records, and maternal asthma was based on standard questionnaire interview. Maternal plasma folate level within a few days of delivery was measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Logistic regression models were applied to examine individual and joint associations of maternal asthma history and plasma folate level with childhood asthma, adjusting for other covariables. When stratified by maternal asthma history, an L-shaped relationship between maternal folate level and child asthma was observed in children born to mothers with asthma history (pinteraction = 0.03). The highest risk was found in children having maternal asthma history and low maternal folate level (odds ratio = 5.93; 95% confidence interval: 2.86-12.3) compared with children without maternal asthma history and with sufficient maternal folate levels. Sensitivity analyses using different definitions of asthma and stratified by major covariables yielded similar findings. In this US prospective high-risk birth cohort, maternal asthma history and low folate level interactively increased the risk of child asthma. If further confirmed, optimizing maternal folate levels during pregnancy may mitigate child asthma risk in the setting of maternal asthma history.

Determinants of blood eosinophilia in moderate and severe asthmatic patients during childhood: Evidence from the severe asthma molecular phenotype (SAMP) cohort.

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease in which the interaction between genetic and environmental factors plays a major role. The significance of blood eosinophil is unclear. The aim of the study was to determine the significance of blood eosinophil count in moderate-to-severe asthmatic children of preschool age and school age. This was a prospective cross-sectional study performed from 2011 to 2015 including children from the severe asthma molecular phenotype (SAMP) cohort at Trousseau Hospital (Paris, France). We included children with severe and moderate asthma, or severe and moderate recurrent wheeze, aged from 1 to 15years at the time of exploration. We analyzed data from 402 children: 248 of preschool age and 154 of school age. Blood eosinophil count third quartile thresholds were 322 and 600cells/μL for the preschool- and school-age groups, respectively. In multivariate analysis, a blood eosinophil count over this threshold was associated with elevated total IgE (OR=5.33, P<.01), multiple hospitalizations for asthma attacks (OR=4.96, P=.03), and a maternal history of asthma (OR=4.91, P=.01) in preschool children; and with staphylococcal toxin-specific IgE (OR=2.75, P=.03) in children of school age. Random forest analysis reinforced these results. High blood eosinophil count is linked to both atopic features and control of asthma with different parameters associated with these features depending on age.

Examining Associations Between Dietary Inflammatory Index in Pregnancy, Pro-inflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Levels at Birth, and Offspring Asthma and/or Wheeze by Age 4 Years

BackgroundFew studies have demonstrated associations between maternal dietary inflammatory index (DII) during pregnancy and offspring asthma and/or wheeze. ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess associations between maternal DII during pregnancy and 1) offspring cord sera pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α) and chemokines (IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) at birth and 2) offspring asthma and/or wheeze at age 4 years. DesignThe Healthy Start study is a prospective prebirth longitudinal study that recruited pregnant women in Denver, Colorado and tracked their offspring. Participants and settingThis study used data from 1228 mother-child dyads enrolled in the Healthy Start study. Pregnant women were recruited in Denver, Colorado, between 2009 and 2014, and offspring tracked until age 4 years. Main outcome measuresCord sera cytokines and chemokines were analyzed with multiplex panel immunoassays. Offspring diagnosis of asthma and/or wheeze by age 4 years was extracted from electronic medical records. Statistical analyses performedUnadjusted and adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used to assess associations. Covariates included factors such as nulliparity, race/ethnicity, gestational smoking, and maternal history of asthma. ResultsUnadjusted analysis showed that increasing maternal DII scores were associated with increased odds of child asthma and/or wheeze by 4 years (odds ratio = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.07-1.27), but the association was attenuated and no longer statistically significant in the adjusted model (odds ratio = 1.15; 95% CI: 0.99-1.33). There were no significant associations between DII scores and cord sera cytokine or chemokine levels. ConclusionsThe study showed that the inflammatory profile of the maternal diet was not associated with cytokines and chemokine levels at birth. The results suggested that a more inflammatory maternal diet was associated with increased odds of offspring asthma and/or wheeze by age 4 years, which could be considered of clinical relevance but the finding was not statistically significant at the .05 level.

Incidence and timing of offspring asthma, wheeze, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy and association with maternal history of asthma and allergic rhinitis

BackgroundStudying the developmental precursors of allergy may help explain the mechanisms (or etiology) of allergic disease. We studied childhood respiratory and allergic diseases in a pre-birth cohort from the United States.ObjectiveWe assessed the associations between maternal history of asthma and the development of respiratory and allergic diseases in offspring. We also assessed associations with maternal history of allergic rhinitis.MethodsMaternal history of asthma and allergic rhinitis was self-reported during early pregnancy. Offspring respiratory and allergy information was obtained from electronic medical records. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models assessed the associations between maternal history of asthma and development of respiratory and allergic diseases in the offspring up to 8 years. A similar approach was used for maternal history of allergic rhinitis.ResultsChildren born to women with a history of asthma had a 77% greater risk of developing asthma, a 45% greater risk of atopic dermatitis/eczema, and a 65% greater risk of wheeze (all p < 0.01), but no significantly increased risk of allergic rhinitis or food allergies, compared to children born to women with no history of asthma. Maternal history of allergic rhinitis was not associated with any child allergy outcome, and maternal history of both asthma and allergic rhinitis was associated with child atopic dermatitis/eczema only.ConclusionsMaternal history of asthma was significantly associated with offspring respiratory and allergic diagnoses. The association between maternal history of asthma and offspring asthma and atopic dermatitis is a novel finding. Our findings may guide physicians who counsel families with a history of maternal asthma and allergic rhinitis about their child's risk of developing respiratory and allergic diseases.

Assessment of bronchial asthma among school children of urban area of Gujarat: A cross-sectional study

Aim: Current research was performed to evaluate the prevalence and allied aspects of bronchial asthma amongst school children of urban region of Gujarat. Methodology: Current research performed in the urban region of Gujarat, India. Least sample size was established to be 200 patients. A pretested and authenticated questionnaire was intended on the position of the International Study on Allergy and Asthma in childhood questionnaire. Results: Out of 200 children, 32 had account of wheeze several time in the past. Nine out of 200 children had wheezing history in the past one year. Wheezing was significantly connected with allergic rhinitis, relatives, and maternal history of asthma. Conclusions: Asthma amongst school children is a community health dilemma in urban area of Gujarat. Interference on revelation to passive smoking and stipulation of smoke passages may assist in the decrease of trouble of illness at the population level. Keywords: Allergy, Asthma, School children, Smoking.

Rhinovirus bronchiolitis, maternal asthma, and the development of asthma and lung function impairments.

Children with a history of rhinovirus (RV) positive bronchiolitis have a high risk of developing subsequent asthma. Maternal asthma might also increase this risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of hospitalization for RV positive bronchiolitis in infancy and a history of maternal asthma on the development of asthma at preschool age. This is a prospective cohort study of 139 preschool-aged children, with a history of hospital admission for bronchiolitis in infancy, followed-up to ascertain asthma and asthma-like symptoms, skin prick allergy test positivity, and lung function measured pre- and post-bronchodilator using impulse oscillometry. Children with a past hospitalization for RV positive bronchiolitis (42.4% of all) and a history of maternal asthma (36.7% of all) had the greatest prevalence and risk ratio (RR) for doctor-diagnosed asthma (prevalence 81.8% and RR 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37-3.19, p = .001), use of inhaled corticosteroids (68.2% and RR 2.17, 95% CI 1.19-3.99, p = .001) and short-acting β-agonists in the last 12 months (95.2% and RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.17-1.89, p = .001), as compared to those with RV negative bronchiolitis and no maternal asthma history. More children in this group had an abnormal airway resistance (33.3% and adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 3.11, 95% CI 1.03-9.47, p = .045) and reactance (27.8% and aRR 2.11, 95% CI 1.06-4.26, p = .035) at 5 Hz, as compared to those with RV negative bronchiolitis and no maternal asthma history. Hospitalization for RV positive bronchiolitis in early life combined with a history of maternal asthma identifies a subgroup of children with a high asthma burden while participants with only one of the two risk factors had intermediate risk for asthma.

A combined cohort analysis of prenatal exposure to phthalate mixtures and childhood asthma

BackgroundPrevious studies of prenatal phthalate exposure and childhood asthma are inconsistent. These studies typically model phthalates as individual, rather than co-occurring, exposures. We investigated whether prenatal phthalates are associated with childhood wheeze and asthma using a mixtures approach. MethodsWe studied dyads from two prenatal cohorts in the ECHO-PATHWAYS consortium: CANDLE, recruited 2006–2011 and TIDES, recruited 2011–2013. Parents reported child respiratory outcomes at age 4–6 years: ever asthma, current wheeze (symptoms in past 12 months) and current asthma (two affirmative responses from ever asthma, recent asthma-specific medication use, and/or current wheeze). We quantified 11 phthalate metabolites in third trimester urine and estimated associations with child respiratory outcomes using weighted quantile sum (WQS) logistic regression, using separate models to estimate protective and adverse associations, adjusting for covariates. We examined effect modification by child sex and maternal asthma. ResultsOf 1481 women, most identified as White (46.6%) or Black (44.6%); 17% reported an asthma history. Prevalence of ever asthma, current wheeze and current asthma in children was 12.3%, 15.8% and 12.3%, respectively. Overall, there was no adverse association with respiratory outcomes. In sex-stratified analyses, boys’ phthalate index was adversely associated with all outcomes (e.g., boys’ ever asthma: adjusted odds ratio per one quintile increase in WQS phthalate index (AOR): 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.85, with mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) weighted highest). Adverse associations were also observed in dyads without maternal asthma history, driven by MEP and mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), but not in those with maternal asthma history. We observed protective associations between the phthalate index and respiratory outcomes in analysis of all participants (e.g., ever asthma: AOR; 95% CI: 0.81; 0.68, 0.96), with di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) metabolites weighted highest. ConclusionsResults suggest effect modification by child sex and maternal asthma in associations between prenatal phthalate mixtures and child asthma and wheeze.