Surface Morphology Of Materials Research Articles

Research on ash accumulation surface measurement methods based on the dot laser principle

Dust collectors are essential environmental protection equipment in thermal power plants. However, in recent years, collapses caused by excessively high material levels in the ash hopper in dust collectors have increased frequently, resulting in serious casualties and significant economic losses. The level gauge of the ash hopper is a crucial device for detecting the material level in the ash hopper and plays a vital role in preventing the ash hopper from collapsing due to excessive material load. However, level gauges of the ash hopper currently in use have various problems. Laser-ranging technology is characterized by concentrated energy, a small divergence angle, and the ability to penetrate dust. We have proposed a new material-level measurement method based on the dot matrix laser ranging principle. This method utilizes dot-matrix laser ranging and visualizes the optimized measurement data to ultimately derive information about the material surface's morphology and level. A physical hopper model is used to conduct verification experiments on various material surface morphologies, material levels, and the material hanging on the hopper wall. The results indicate that this method can accurately identify the material level and the material hanging on the hopper wall, preventing false alarms due to “false material levels.”

An investigation of the correlation between the photovoltaic, magnetic and optical properties of CoCr2O4 due to the doping effect of rare-earth La3+ions

In the new approach, undoped and (0.1,0.3, and 0.5) La3+doped CoCr2O4 samples were prepared using microwave combustion methods. The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used to characterize the material's surface morphology and for phase identification and crystallinity. The samples were also studied with a UV–visible, diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS) and a (VSM) Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. Spherical particles in agglomeration are visible in the TEM images. The average crystal size is about 15 - 43 nm was observed from the X-ray diffraction pattern results, and it was also confirmed that a cubic spinel structure existed. In addition to providing insight into the divalent and trivalent metal cation distributions at the A and B sites of the chromite lattice, XRD data also revealed divalent and trivalent metal cations distributions. Increased La content results in a decrease in estimated band gap energy. An increasing trend with increasing in La concentration resulting from cation rearrangement. Because La3+replaces some Cr ions in octahedral sites of cobalt chromite, there is a variation in its magnetic parameters.

Packing density/surface morphology relationship in thin sputtered chromium films

Abstract Modifying and engineering the properties of materials can be achieved by coating them with thin films possessing specific characteristics. The final properties of the coating are determined by the deposition conditions and by the associated film's growth mode. To gain a better understanding and eventually control over the growth and properties of very thin films (thickness less than 50 nm), various chromium films were deposited by magnetron sputtering and their electrical and optical properties were measured. This paper presents the relationships between the stress, the material's surface morphology and the properties of such chromium thin films. We observed an increase in electrical conductivity and photopic reflection of the films with the increase of the deposition power. Our analyses further revealed that the surface morphology is directly responsible for the enhancement of these properties, as surfaces presenting the least air fraction ratio (smooth surface with large grains and a Gaussian roughness distribution) were the most conductive and most reflective. We also demonstrated that calculating the residual film stress is an incomplete way of assessing the structure of the film, as films having similar residual stress exhibited different properties. In conclusion, the surface morphology and its roughness distribution represent a convenient way to estimate the packing density of sputtered thin films.

CO2 corrosion of IG-110 nuclear graphite studied by gas chromatography

The CO2 corrosion behavior of IG-110 nuclear graphite has been investigated using the gas chromatography method which allows the continuous analysis of the CO2/CO gas mixture at the outlet of the corrosion chamber. The effects of temperature and initial CO2 concentration are studied based on the Arrhenius-type reaction model. From 745 to 995 °C, the Arrhenius curve shows a linear behavior. For higher temperatures, a non-linear behavior is observed. The activation energy is calculated as 210 kJ/mole and is independent of the initial CO2 inlet concentrations of 10%, 14% and 17%. The corrosion behavior at 1145 °C, in the diffusion-controlled regime, has also been investigated. At this temperature, the interior of IG-110 graphite is severely attacked by CO2, and the material's surface morphology is changed drastically. A measurement of the corrosion rate against corrosion time shows that the corrosion rate initially increases to a maximum value at a weight loss degree of 30%–35%, after which it begins to decline.

The Preparation and Characterization of ZAO/TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes Composite Materials

The surface chemistry method is used to produce Zinc Aluminium oxide (ZAO) particle surface which modifying tubular TiO2 and can produce nanotubes composite material of ZAO/TiO2. The influence of different atom proportionings, aluminum doping amount as well as the contents of Zn and other conditions on the production of composite material's surface morphology, microstructure and photocatalytic performance were Study with XRDSEMTEM and other characterization means. The experiments indicated when Zn:Ti=1:4(a.t.),it has the best catalytic effect and the methyl orange degradation rate can reach 95% at 50min.