Orthodontic Materials Research Articles

Optical and Chromatic Evaluation of Fluorescent Orthodontic Bonding Materials Doped with a Europium β-diketonate Complex

Optical and Chromatic Evaluation of Fluorescent Orthodontic Bonding Materials Doped with a Europium β-diketonate Complex

Cytotoxicity Assessment of Metal and 3D Printed Resin Orthodontic Attachments An in vitro cell culture behavior study

Materials used in orthodontics are constantly changing and improving, but biocompatibility remains one of their most important characteristics.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the in vitro cellular behavior of dental MSC cells when put in contact with metal and 3D printed resin orthodontic attachments.Cell monolayers were seeded in wells and left to adhere. Polymer and metal orthodontic attachments were placed into the wells. The cells were analyzed on an inverted light microscope. The cellular viability was determined using Alamar Blue assay. Results showed that the morphology and the density of cells are not affected by the presence of either orthodontic material compared to the controls.The metabolic activity of the cells was not altered. Similar cellular reactions,were observed in contact with both materials used in our short term in vitro study.

Microbial Colonization on Elastomeric Ligatures during Orthodontic Therapeutics: An Overview.

The current review focuses on the studies conducted on the colonization of microorganisms on orthodontic ligatures during orthodontic treatment. The fixed orthodontic appliances have long been associated with an increase in plaque accumulation, bacterial colonization, and resultant enamel decalcification. Voluminous research has been carried out on the microbial colonization of even newer orthodontic materials such as elastomeric ligatures with an evidence of variably increased microbial counts during orthodontic treatment. However, conclusive material-based data for minimal microbial colonization to establish acceptance criteria for the use of elastomeric ligatures are hardly available. Thus, there is a need for further studies with dual emphasis on exploring microbial associations based on surface chemistries of different elastomers and their requisite modifications for hampering microbial biofilms to evolve efficacious oral health friendly orthodontic ligatures.

Current situation and prospect for orthodontic thermoplastic materials

Aesthetic and comfortable transparent retainers and clear plastic appliances are becoming increasingly popular, and their components, especially thermoplastic materials, are gradually attracting widespread interest. Orthodontic thermoplastic materials are versatile polymers, and thus their properties, such as force delivery, force relaxation, and aging properties have been comprehensively studied. Meanwhile, blending modification technology has been applied for the acquisition of novel materials with enhanced characteristics. In this paper, we review the types and properties of thermoplastic materials, the development process they undergo, factors that influence their properties, and some development prospects.

Handy cloud point extraction coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for analysis of trace zirconium in complex biological samples

The effects of exposure to exogenous elements on human health have attracted particular attention. Quantification knowledge of zirconium (Zr) is rather valuable for comprehensive assessments of the biological reactions triggered by a long term presence of the widely used Zr-contained biomedical devices such as prostheses, implants and orthodontic materials. Herein, we reported the first example of the application of cloud point extraction (CPE) couple with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for enrichment and quantification of trace Zr in complex biological samples. The phase separation of CPE was handy without traditional operation like centrifugation and careful pipetting, facilitating high-throughput analysis. Good anti-interference ability against other interference metal ions and outstanding sensitivity with the low detection limit of 0.055 ng·mL−1 were achieved. The satisfactory intra-day and inter-day precisions for low, middle, high concentration levels of Zr were 1.7%–4.2% and 2.0%–6.1%, with the corresponding relative error of 0.1%–7.2% and 0.2%–2.8%, respectively. For practical application, this simple, sensitive and reliable method was applied for enrichment and analysis of trace Zr in rat livers, kidneys and urine. Consequently, trace Zr could be actually detected. Good recoveries of the samples were obtained in the range of 91.0%–118% with the corresponding RSDs (n = 3) of 2.4%–10%.

Ortodontik Materyallerden Bisfenol A Salınımı ve Biyolojik Etkileri

Ortodontik Materyallerden Bisfenol A Salınımı ve Biyolojik Etkileri

Effect of Orthodontic Sealant Containing Antimicrobial Selenium on the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Bracket

Intoduction: Fixed orthodontic treatment has a high risk of enamel demineralization. Sealant containing selenium is a material that has been developed to prevent enamel demineralization and stated to be applicable as a primer bracket adhesion. Aim and Objective: This aim of this study was to investigate the shear bond strength (SBS) of an orthodontic bracket after application of sealant containing selenium as a primer. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 extracted human premolars were used in this study, which were randomly divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 50 teeth as the control group, to which a conventional primer (CP) was applied, whereas for group II comprising 50 teeth, a sealant containing selenium selenium primer (SP) was applied. SBS of the orthodontic brackets was measured using a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were calculated to determine the location of the bond failure using a stereomicroscope. A t test was used for analyzing the SBS data, whereas the Mann–Whitney test was used for analyzing the ARI scores. Results: There was no significant SBS difference (P > 0.05) between CP and SP groups. CP groups showed slightly higher SBS [9.05 ± 3.10 megapascal (MPa)] than that in the SP groups (8.21 ± 3.78 MPa). The bond failures of both the groups occurred at the adhesive–adhesive interface. Conclusion: The results showed that sealant containing selenium can be used as a primer within orthodontic adhesive material, as the physical–mechanical properties remained unchanged.

Effect of Ultrasonic Bath Immersion on Physical Properties of an MMA-based Orthodontic Base-plate Material

Effect of Ultrasonic Bath Immersion on Physical Properties of an MMA-based Orthodontic Base-plate Material

The effect of food simulating liquids on the static frictional forces and corrosion activity of different types of orthodontic wires

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of some food stimulating liquids (FSLs) on the static frictional forces and corrosion activity of different orthodontic archwire materials. MethodsStainless steel (SS), β-titanium (TMA), and nickel titanium (NiTi) archwires were stored in heptane, citric acid, and ethanol each. Every storage combination group consisted of 12 wires. The static frictional forces between the SS brackets and each of the three types of orthodontic wires were measured as received, after 2 weeks and after 4 weeks storage in each FSL. The corrosion activity of the wires in citric acid and ethanol were measured. ResultsFor SS wires, citric acid and ethanol 4-week storage showed the highest statistically significant static friction values. For the TMA and NiTi wires, 4-week storage in citric acid showed higher statistically significant static friction values compared with no storage. Citric acid showed the highest corrosion activity for the three types of orthodontic wires. SS showed the highest corrosion activity in both citric acid and ethanol. ConclusionsFour-week storage in citric acid had the highest deleterious effect, as it significantly increased the static frictional force values of SS, TMA, and NiTi archwires. SS has the highest corrosion activity and thus its frictional force values are affected by 4-week storage in both citric acid and ethanol.

Oral Rehabilitation of patient with Cleft Lip and Palate- A Case Report

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common congenital facial anomaly. About 70% of all the CLP cases and 50% of cleft palate only fall within non-syndromic pathologies. The purpose of this report was to show the clinical management of initial obturator therapy from birth to 3 months. The obturator was fabricated from the conventional orthodontic acrylic materials with cold polymerization (OrtoPoli, Polident, Slovenia).

Metal release profiles of orthodontic bands, brackets, and wires: an in vitro study.

AimThe present study evaluated the temporal release of Co Cr, Mn, and Ni from the components of a typical orthodontic appliance during simulated orthodontic treatment.Materials and methodsSeveral commercially available types of bands, brackets, and wires were exposed to an artificial saliva solution for at least 44 days and the metals released were quantified in regular intervals using inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, Elan DRC+, Perkin Elmer, USA). Corrosion products encountered on some products were investigated by a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalyzer (EDX).ResultsBands released the largest quantities of Co, Cr, Mn, and Ni, followed by brackets and wires. Three different temporal metal release profiles were observed: (1) constant, though not necessarily linear release, (2) saturation (metal release stopped after a certain time), and (3) an intermediate release profile that showed signs of saturation without reaching saturation. These temporal metal liberation profiles were found to be strongly dependent on the individual test pieces. The corrosion products which developed on some of the bands after a 6-month immersion in artificial saliva and the different metal release profiles of the investigated bands were traced back to different attachments welded onto the bands.ConclusionThe use of constant release rates will clearly underestimate metal intake by the patient during the first couple of days and overestimate exposure during the remainder of the treatment which is usually several months long. While our data are consistent with heavy metal release by orthodontic materials at levels well below typical dietary intake, we nevertheless recommend the use of titanium brackets and replacement of the band with a tube in cases of severe Ni or Cr allergy.

Presurgical Orthopedic Treatment Using Modified Nostril Retainers in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate.

This study aimed to present a new technique for presurgical orthopedic treatment of patients with unilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate (UCL±P) by means of modified nostril retainers manufactured using a special mold with soft acrylic or orthodontic acrylics material. Nasal molding with the modified nostril retainer is considerably effective and comfortable for the patient.

Assessment of Microbial Contamination if “As Received” and “Bench-Top Exposed” Orthodontic Materials: A Vitro Microbiologic Investigation

Assessment of Microbial Contamination if “As Received” and “Bench-Top Exposed” Orthodontic Materials: A Vitro Microbiologic Investigation

QCMによる歯科矯正用材料表面に対する唾液関連タンパク質の吸着挙動の解析(大阪歯科大学大学院歯学研究科博士(歯学)学位論文内容要旨および論文審査結果要旨の公表)

QCMによる歯科矯正用材料表面に対する唾液関連タンパク質の吸着挙動の解析(大阪歯科大学大学院歯学研究科博士(歯学)学位論文内容要旨および論文審査結果要旨の公表)

The Authentication of Halal Dental Materials Using Rapid Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy

The purpose of this study is to detect the presence of gelatin in orthodontic dental materials for halal authentication. The detection of gelatins was done using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy with Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR). In this study, 21 samples were included and the spectrums were generated by OMNIC software of Nicolet iS50 FTIR. All data were also subjected to similarity match (SM) using TQ Analyst software. Four types of gelatin tested, namely porcine, bovine, fish and commercialized gelatin. From the studies, it was found that no samples exhibit similar spectra as the gelatins tested and SM found that no samples showed 100% similarities with porcine gelatin.

Cytotoxic outcomes of orthodontic bands with and without silver solder in different cell lineages.

The safety of orthodontic materials is a matter of high interest. In this study, we aimed to assess the in-vitro cytotoxicity of orthodontic band extracts, with and without silver solder, by comparing the viability outcomes of the HaCat keratinocytes, the fibroblastic cell lineages HGF and MRC-5, and the kidney epithelial Vero cells. Sterilized orthodontic bands with and without silver solder joints were added to culture media(6cm2/mL) and incubated for 24hours at 37°C under continuous agitation. Subsequently, the cell cultures were exposed to the obtained extracts for 24hours, and an assay was performed to evaluate the cell viability. Copper strip extracts were used as positive control devices. The extracts from orthodontic bands with silver solder joints significantly reduced the viability of the HaCat, MRC-5, and Vero cell lines, whereas the viability of HGF was not altered by this material. Conversely, the extracts of orthodontic bands without silver solder did not significantly modify the viability index of all evaluated cell lines. Except for HGF fibroblasts,all tested cell lines showed decreased viability percentages after exposure to extracts of orthodontic bands containing silver solder joints. These data show the relevance of testing the toxicity of orthodontic devices in different cell lines.

Influence of resin-modified glass ionomer and topical fluoride on levels of Streptococcus mutans in saliva and biofilm adjacent to metallic brackets.

Decalcification of enamel during fixed orthodontic appliance treatment remains a problem. White spot lesions are observed in nearly 50% of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. The use of fluoride-containing orthodontic materials has shown inconclusive results on their ability to reduce decalcification. The aims of this investigation were to compare the levels of Streptococcus mutans (SM) in saliva and biofilm adjacent to orthodontic brackets retained with a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) (Fuji ORTHO LC) and a light cured composite resin (Transbond XT), and to analyze the influence of topical application of the 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) on SM counts. In a parallel study design, two groups (n=14/15) were used with random allocation and high salivary SM counts before treatment. Biofilm was collected from areas adjacent to the brackets on teeth 13, 22, 33, and 41. Both saliva and biofilm were collected on the 7th, 21st, 35th, and 49th days after appliance placement. Topical fluoride application was carried out on the 35th day. Bonding with RMGIC did not alter SM counts in saliva or biofilm adjacent to the brackets. On the other hand, the biofilm adjacent to brackets retained with composite resin showed a significant increase in SM counts along the trial period. Topical application of 1.23% APF did not reduce salivary or biofilm SM counts regardless of the bonding material. In conclusion, fluoride topical application did not show efficacy in reducing SM. The use of RMGIC as bonding materials allowed a better control of SM cfu counts in dental biofilm hindering the significant increase of these microorganisms along the trial period, which was observed in the biofilm adjacent to the composite material.

Adverse reactions to orthodontic materials.

Adverse effects can arise from the clinical use of orthodontic materials, due to the release of constituent substances (ions from alloys and monomers, degradation by-products, and additives from polymers). Moreover, intraoral aging affects the biologic properties of materials. The aim of this review is to present the currently identified major adverse effects of the metallic and polymeric components found in orthodontic appliances and materials. Corrosion in metallic orthodontic attachments releases metal ions, mainly iron, chromium, and nickel. The latter has received the greatest attention because of its reported potential for an allergic response. The formation of an oxide layer may inhibit the outward movement of ions, thereby acting as an obstacle for release. Titanium alloys have superior corrosion resistance than stainless steel. The efficiency of polymerisation is considered an essential property for all polymers. A poor polymer network is susceptible to the release of biologically reactive substances, such as bisphenol-A (BPA), which is capable of inducing hormone-related effects. The close proximity of a light-curing tip to the adhesive, pumice prophylaxis after bonding, indirect irradiation and mouth rinsing during the first hour after bonding may decrease BPA release. The adverse effects of some orthodontic materials should be considered during material selection and throughout orthodontic treatment, in order to minimise possible undesirable implications.

Ultrasonic treatment reduced residual monomer in methyl methacrylate-based orthodontic base-plate materials

Ultrasonic treatment reduced residual monomer in methyl methacrylate-based orthodontic base-plate materials

Surgical Orthodontic Treatment for a Skeletal Class III and Asymmetric Patient: Case Report

The aim of this article is to describe the treatment of a skeletal Class III and asymmetric patient. Two treatment alternatives were explained: -conventional orthodontics to camouflage the skeletal anomaly and -traditional orthodontics/orthognathic surgery approach; the surgical option was selected. Pre-surgical orthodontics was applied for leveling, aligning and relieving dental compensations. A Bilateral Sagital Split Osteotomy was performed for mandibular setback. Post-surgical orthodontics was applied for finishing and detailing occlusion. Total treatment time was 10 months. Facial balance was enhanced and a good dental occlusion was achieved. Careful treatment planning by the ortho-surgical team, proper application of biomechanics and good selection of dental orthodontic materials, allow the orthodontist to delay less time in the pre and post-surgical stages in the traditional surgical orthodontic approach.