Materials Science Research Articles

Значение Энергетического Сектора в Геоэкономическом Положении Азербайджана в Первом Десятилетии XXI Века

The article analyzes the development path of the energy sector of Azerbaijan over the past quarter century and its geoeconomic significance. The article jointly analyzes the geoeconomic parameters of Azerbaijan’s energy resources and their role in economic diversification for the first time. This analysis covers a certain period of time, during which new proposals are made, such as revising the importance of energy resources in the world and implementing the transition to green energy. Studying the material of the article allows us to consider to a certain extent the nature of the global political course around energy resources and the dividends that it has brought and can bring in the future to Azerbaijan. On the eve of the COP 29 event, it is very important to analyze the positive impact of this event on the geopolitical influence of Azerbaijan and the benefits it brings to its geoeconomic interests. It can also serve as a kind of basic material for researchers conducting research in this direction. The importance of the energy sector in Azerbaijan's geoeconomic situation during the first decade of the 21st century can be explored through several dimensions, including the country's strategic position, its energy resources, and how these elements shaped its geopolitical influence and economic growth. The scientific innovation of this theme lies in understanding the transformational role that Azerbaijan's energy sector played not only in its national development but also in the broader regional and global geopolitical context.

From Molecule to Aggregate: Understanding AIE through Multiscale Experimental and Computational Techniques.

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomena have garnered significant attention due to their applications in various fields, ranging from materials science to biomedicine. Despite substantial progress, the underlying mechanism governing the AIE activity of molecules remains elusive. This study employs a comprehensive and multiscale approach, combining experimental and theoretical methodologies, to discern the determinants of AIE activity. Our investigations involve synthesizing four organic molecules with D-π-A-D architecture, accompanied by quantum mechanics (QM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, providing a deep understanding of the interactions within aggregates. The symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) calculations further corroborate our findings, revealing a clear correlation between AIE activity and the type of aggregate formed. Specifically, we demonstrate that AIE-active molecules exhibit a distinctive J-type aggregation characterized by enhanced emission from the S1 state. In contrast, AIE-inactive molecules adopt an H-type aggregate configuration, where the emission from the S1 state is constrained. In addition, we investigated the subcellular localization of the molecules, revealing localization within the lipid droplets. Our findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of AIE phenomena and provide insights into the design principles for AIE-active materials with potential applications in advanced sensing and imaging technologies.

Hierarchical Graph Attention Network with Positive and Negative Attentions for Improved Interpretability: ISA-PN.

With the advancement of deep learning (DL) methods in chemistry and materials science, the interpretability of DL models has become a critical issue in elucidating quantitative (molecular) structure-property relationships. Although attention mechanisms have been generally employed to explain the importance of molecular substructures that contribute to molecular properties, their interpretability remains limited. In this work, we introduce a versatile segmentation method and develop an interpretable subgraph attention (ISA) network with positive and negative streams (ISA-PN) to enhance the understanding of molecular structure-property relationships. The predictive performance of the ISA models was validated using data sets for aqueous solubility, lipophilicity, and melting temperature, with a particular focus on evaluating interpretability for the aqueous solubility data set. The ISA-PN model enables the quantification of the contributions of molecular substructures through positive and negative attention scores. Comparative analyses of the ISA, ISA-PN, and GC-Net (group contribution network) models demonstrate that the ISA-PN model significantly improves interpretability while maintaining similar accuracy levels. This study highlights the efficacy of the ISA-PN model in providing meaningful insights into the contributions of molecular substructures to molecular properties, thereby enhancing the interpretability of DL models in chemical applications.

Abstract A001: Navigating the future of therapeutic development: innovations in safety and efficacy through advanced research methodologies and nanotechnology

Abstract In recent years, the field of therapeutic development has experienced a significant paradigm shift driven by strategic scientific innovations that prioritize safety and efficacy in therapeutic agents. This paper explores the intersection of advanced research methodologies, novel material sciences, and biotechnological advancements that are revolutionizing the approach to drug formulation and delivery systems. The integration of precision medicine principles alongside cutting-edge technologies allows for the design of therapeutics that are not only effective in targeting specific diseases but are also engineered to minimize adverse effects associated with conventional therapies. One focal point of this exploration is the application of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems. By utilizing nanoparticles, researchers can enhance the bioavailability of therapeutic agents while reducing systemic toxicity. This targeted approach enables the delivery of higher concentrations of drugs to the affected areas, thereby maximizing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing side effects. Additionally, the paper highlights the role of computational modeling and simulations in predicting the interaction of therapeutic agents at the molecular level, facilitating the identification of safer compounds through virtual screening methods. Another significant aspect addressed in this paper is the development of biologics and biosimilars as safer alternatives to traditional synthetic drugs. The advancement of biomanufacturing processes has made it feasible to produce complex molecules with high specificity and reduced immunogenicity, paving the way for innovative therapies that cater to individual patient profiles. Furthermore, the strategic incorporation of pharmacogenomics in drug development allows for the customization of therapeutic agents, ensuring that treatment regimens are tailored to the genetic makeup of patients, which can drastically improve safety and treatment outcomes. The paper also discusses the regulatory landscape surrounding the introduction of these innovative therapeutic agents. It emphasizes the need for adaptive regulatory frameworks that keep pace with scientific advancements while ensuring patient safety and efficacy. Collaborative efforts between researchers, regulatory bodies, and pharmaceutical companies are essential to facilitate the translation of innovative therapies from the laboratory to clinical practice. In conclusion, this paper underscores the critical importance of strategic scientific innovations in the quest for safer therapeutic agents. By harnessing the potential of advanced technologies, researchers can develop therapeutics that not only meet the growing demand for efficacy but also uphold the highest standards of safety, ultimately improving patient care and health outcomes. The findings presented advocate for continued investment in research and collaboration across disciplines to drive future advancements in therapeutic development. Citation Format: Peter O. David. Navigating the future of therapeutic development: innovations in safety and efficacy through advanced research methodologies and nanotechnology. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Optimizing Therapeutic Efficacy and Tolerability through Cancer Chemistry; 2024 Dec 9-11; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2024;23(12_Suppl):Abstract nr A001

Glass‐ceramics: From ideas to products

AbstractThis publication pursues the goal of recording the steep and narrow path of the development of glass‐ceramics, starting from the initial idea to the product. It provides a guide for developers (whether chemists, materials scientists, engineers, or technologists) of glass‐ceramic products to develop materials with special properties and combinations of properties. At the same time, the publication illustrates the variety of possibilities for using these materials in diverse areas. These application areas reach from technology to dentistry and human medicine.

Construction of N‐Sulfonyl Amidines: Self‐Assembly through Synergy between Hydrogen Bonding and Lewis Pairs

Abstract: Self‐assembly with non‐covalent interactions (NCIs) is a ubiquitous phenomenon observed in biology and materials chemistry, while its application in synthetic chemistry is still in its infancy. Herein, a self‐assembly condensation method from sulfonamides and imides is reported, leading to the formation of N‐acyl‐N’‐sulfonyl amidines. DFT calculations and NMR investigations suggest that the process is facilitated by cooperative assisted NCIs, including hydrogen bonding and Lewis pairs. Moreover, this methodology can be applied in the late‐stage derivatization of bioactive and complex sulfonamides, offering a potential avenue for the discovery of drug molecules. Extension of this methodology to the condensation of various sulfonamides and amides has also been successfully achieved.

Surface Plasmon-Driven Versatile Enhancement of Chemosensing.

Chemo-sensors have deeply integrated into various facets of our daily lives. To further satisfy the increasing performance demand, the current attempts are mainly centered on materials science approaches, usually involving time-& labor-consuming structure designing, synthesis, and modification. To date, it remains largely unexplored to enhance sensing material performance at the fundamental physical level by strategic exploitation of optical properties. In this work, we proposed a facile and versatile approach for improving the material performance by strategically utilizing the surface plasmon resonance─a characteristic property of optical devices. This approach is revealed to have a dual effect on fluorescence-based chemosensing: it amplifies the collection of fluorescence signals and simultaneously expedites the kinetics of chemical reactions. In this work, we developed a surface plasmon-driven fluorescence-based chemosensor that utilizes the 2,4,6-trisformyl phenol-diethylamine (TFP-I) fluorescent probe for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) gas molecules. By harnessing the dual-effect induced by surface plasmons, we achieved outstanding sensing performance for H2O2 gas molecules, characterized by 0.0225 ppt sensitivity and an exceedingly low limit of detection. This study substantiates the applicability of the surface plasmon resonance-based optical effect in the realm of fluorescent chemical materials for sensing performance amplification. Beyond this, it pioneers the strategic harnessing of optical effects to manipulate the performance of chemical materials, particularly for the advancement of sensing capabilities.

Исследование гидрофильности поверхности металлических материалов, модифицированных ультрафиолетовым лазерным излучением

Introduction. Surface modification using laser radiation is a promising direction in the field of creating new technologies for treatment metal materials, including those for medical purposes. The ability of lasers to change the surface characteristics of a material and, consequently, its interaction with the environment has attracted great interest among researchers. Despite numerous recommendations for the use of laser surface treatment, there is still lack of systematic and detailed studies on the influence of parameters on the structural-phase state and properties of the modified surface, especially concerning ultraviolet laser exposure. The purpose of this work is to study the hydrophilicity of the surface of TiNi alloy and stainless steel after UV laser treatment. Materials and methods of the study: experimental samples made of TiNi (TN-10) alloy and 12KH18N9T (AISI 321) stainless steel were locally (beam diameter 0.5 cm) exposed to a solid-state Nd:YAG laser at the wavelength of 266 nm, with a pulse duration of ~ 5 ns, and pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz. The material was exposed to a constant output radiation energy density of 0.1 J/cm2, with a change in the exposure duration from 10 to 600 s. Before and after UV laser treatment, the wettability of the material surface and free surface energy were determined. The structure, elemental and phase composition, and surface topography of TiNi and steel were studied using scanning electron microscopy with the determination of the elemental composition by energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray phase analysis, and profilometry. Results and discussion. Ultraviolet laser treatment of the surface of TiNi alloy and steel samples leads to an increase in their hydrophilicity. In the initial state, the contact angle of wetting is ≈75° for both materials, and after ultraviolet laser treatment it decreases to ≈11-13° for TiNi and to ≈22° for steel. The phase composition of steel does not change during laser treatment, and phases belonging to oxides are recorded on the surface of TiNi after 420 seconds of treatment. Ultraviolet laser treatment of TiNi alloy and steel leads to an increase in free surface energy, a change in the ratio of its components (a decrease in the dispersed component and a significant increase in the polar component), an increase in the oxygen content on the surface of both materials. With long laser exposure times (more than 300 seconds), microcracking occurs on the surface of the processed material, leading to an increase in roughness. The change in the surface topography (roughness) of TiNi alloy does not have a noticeable effect on the wettability of the surface of metal materials, and for steel samples, there is an insignificant tendency to reduce the contact wetting angle with increasing roughness. The degree of hydrophilicity of metal materials, characterized by the contact wetting angle, increases with an increase in the duration of laser exposure due to saturation of the surface with free oxygen and an increase in free surface energy (its polar component). Based on the studies, it can be concluded that ultraviolet laser treatment is an effective way to change the wettability of metal materials.

Editorial: Additive manufacturing of advanced ceramic materials and its applications

Editorial: Additive manufacturing of advanced ceramic materials and its applications

Fabrication and Characterization of Supported Porous Au Nanoparticles

Porous plasmonic nanoparticles offer unique advantages for sensing and catalysis due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and localized electromagnetic field enhancements at nanoscale pores, or “hotspots.” However, current fabrication techniques, which are based on colloidal synthesis, face challenges in achieving precise control over particle size, shape, and porosity. Here, we present a robust nanofabrication method to produce supported arrays of porous Au nanoparticles with excellent dimensional and compositional control. By combining lithographically patterned AuAg alloy nanoparticles and selective dealloying via nitric acid, we achieve particle porosity without compromising particle morphology. Specifically, the method allows fabrication of supported porous nanoparticles with tunable dimension and porosity. Our approach demonstrates precise control of nanoparticle porosity by varying the initial Ag content in the alloy. Optical characterization reveals a blueshift in the extinction peak with increasing porosity, attributed to the reduced effective refractive index from intraparticle voids. Notably, a tunable shift of up to 100 nm in the plasmonic peak is observed, demonstrating the potential for fine-tuning optical properties. This study highlights the versatility of the proposed method in fabricating well-defined porous plasmonic nanoparticles and their ability to modulate optical properties through porosity control. These findings not only expand the toolkit for designing advanced plasmonic materials but also open pathways for applications in plasmon-mediated sensing, catalysis, and photonic devices.

Sustainable Packaging Solutions: Food Engineering and Biodegradable Materials

In modern, fast-paced lifestyles, food containers have become a popular solution for quick meals; however, they have significantly contributed to the increase in plastic packaging waste, which poses a substantial environmental risk. The prevalent use of non-biodegradable plastic containers exacerbates plastic pollution, contradicting government regulations designed to reduce plastic usage and promote sustainability. To address these issues, this study integrates TRIZ, ergonomics, inherent safety, and universal design methodologies, with an emphasis on sustainability. First, the technical contradiction matrix from TRIZ is applied to identify parameters for improvement without inducing negative side effects. Ergonomics principles ensure the development of user-friendly designs, while inherent safety and universal design approaches aim for accessibility and full biodegradability. Through a systematic innovation design process, this research proposes a biodegradable food container capable of decomposing entirely into particles and water within one month, blending naturally with the soil without compromising functionality. Moreover, the container incorporates a quick-alignment mechanism and an intuitive sealing design that ensures airtightness and spill prevention. As a result, the product not only meets user demands but also addresses pressing environmental concerns, aligning with global sustainability goals.

Continuous natural fiber-reinforced shape memory polymer biocomposites: Design and fabrication for sustainable self-folding architectural applications

Abstract The growing demand for sustainable building materials has driven the search for innovative solutions that minimize environmental impact while enhancing architectural functionality. Nature’s adaptability to environmental changes, such as the mimosa plant’s sensitivity to temperature and touch, has inspired the development of shape memory materials like shape memory polymers (SMPs). These materials change shape in response to external stimuli, offering promising solutions for responsive and eco-friendly applications. This study investigates the use of SMP biocomposites (SMPBCs) reinforced with continuous flax fibers for sustainable architectural applications. The main aim is to enhance the mechanical and shape memory properties of these materials, focusing on design exploration, fabrication methods, and performance evaluation for architectural use. Combining material science with digital fabrication techniques, particularly Tailored Fiber Placement (TFP), this research integrates flax fiber into thermo-responsive epoxy-based SMPs. Origami-inspired designs, including rigid and curved folding origami, were explored using a moldless fabrication technique to optimize the SMPBCs’ performance and facilitate the creation of complex three-dimensional structures. The study began with initial prototypes of simple origami shapes, followed by three architectural prototypes representing distinct origami types. Curved folding origami enhances shape memory performance by enabling larger deformation, which increases strain energy storage and allows more effective recovery. Further exploration of Single and Multi Degree of Freedom (SDOF and MDOF) designs for architectural applications revealed that curved SDOF prototypes achieved the highest shape recovery ratio (Rr%) of 97%, while rigid MDOF prototypes showed the lowest Rr of 60% and 70%. All prototypes provided a high shape fixity ratio of nearly 100%. Moreover, initial load tests on the permanent shapes demonstrated their ability to support over 240 times their weight. This research advances sustainable architecture by showing how SMPBCs with optimal geometric designs can enable self-shaping and multifunctional applications, paving the way for more adaptive, eco-friendly building materials.

Tailoring the Properties of 2D Nanomaterial‐Polymer Composites for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Energy Storage by 3D Printing—A Review

3D‐printed 2D nanomaterials‐based polymer composites, with their exceptional electrical conductivity and structural functionalities, have become leading‐edge engineering materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, sensors, and energy storage applications. This review begins with a brief introduction to various types of 2D nanomaterials and their fabrication techniques, specifically different types of 3D printing. The subsequent sections highlight key factors such as rheological properties, surface tension, additives, and binders that influence the printability of 2D nanomaterials‐based polymer composites. The advancements in 2D nanomaterials‐based polymers, including MXene, graphene, and graphene derivatives, are then presented. The interaction, dispersion, and/or network formation of 2D nanomaterials in the polymer matrix is a crucial factor in determining the electrical performance of the composites. This review also discusses surface modification strategies for 2D nanomaterials to enhance their sensing, EMI shielding, and energy storage capabilities. Finally, the impact of various 3D‐printed polymer composite geometries, such as rectangular, cylinder, and circular, on shielding performance is thoroughly examined, engaging the reader in the exploration of these materials.

Gradient Luminescence Enhancement in Organic Metal Halide Perovskites via the Suppression of [SbCln]3-n Unit Distortion.

Intrinsic stereochemical activity of the 5s2 electron configuration in Sb3+ leads to structural distortion within [SbCln]3-n units, which, while stabilizing the material, paradoxically diminishes luminescence intensity due to induced asymmetry. To address this issue, a strategy, which encompasses increasing the structural dimensions and introducing In3+ doping, was developed to mitigate the geometrical distortion in the [SbCln]3-n units within the metal-organic perovskite (DABCO)2Sb2Cl10·H2O and (DABCO)2SbCdCl9·2H2O (DABCO = triethylenediamine). This dimensional augmentation confines lattice distortion effectively, and the In3+ doping modifies the 5s2 electron configuration of Sb3+, thereby reducing the distortion at its origin. The unique suitability of indium-based halides as a matrix for Sb3+ doping is underscored by our approach, which capitalizes on their ability to regulate the electron configuration of Sb3+. This strategy has been validated through crystallographic data from single-crystal X-ray diffraction. By effectively reducing the adverse effects of geometric distortion, several hundred-fold enhancements in the luminescent intensity of the material have been achieved by our methodology, leading to potential applications in white-light LEDs. This advancement not only highlights the pivotal role of structural symmetry in the optical properties of materials but also exemplifies the power of material engineering to optimize the optical performance.

Thermal Conductivity in Side-Chain Liquid-Crystal Epoxy Polymers: Influence of Mesogen Structure.

Side-chain liquid-crystal epoxy polymers (SCLCEPs) are valued for their unique properties, which combine LC side chains with epoxide-based polyether main chains for ordered molecular arrangements. They have high thermal conductivity and optical properties due to their low polydispersity and high crystallinity. Achieving optimal thermal conductivity in SCLCEPs involves addressing factors such as mesogen nature, polymer design, and alignment within the polymer structure. Balancing these factors enhances their suitability for heat dissipation in advanced materials. In this study, SCLCEPs with a polyethylene glycol backbone and laterally arranged mesogens are synthesized via anionic ring opening of mesogenic epoxides with unique LC phases. These monomers, which feature biphenyl mesogens attached to glycidyloxy ether and different alkyl chain lengths on the other side, is designed to facilitate mesogen self-assembly and interaction. The resulting polymers exhibited higher crystallinity and LC phases than the monomers. Notably, because of their LC nature, their thermal conductivity exceeds 0.48 W·m-1 K-1 and increases with shortened alkyl chain lengths, reaching 0.57 W·m-1 K-1. This research expands the applications of SCLCEPs in advanced fields requiring enhanced thermal properties.

Printable and Tunable Bioresin with Strategically Decorated Molecular Structures.

As personalized medicine rapidly evolves, there is a critical demand for advanced biocompatible materials surpassing current additive manufacturing capabilities. This study presents a novel printable bioresin engineered with tunable mechanical, thermal, and biocompatibility properties through strategic molecular modifications. The study introduces a new bioresin comprising methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and a photoinitiator, which is further enhanced by incorporating high molecular weight polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to improve biostability and mechanical performance. The integration of printable PMMA presents several synthesis and processing challenges, necessitating substantial modifications to the 3D printing process. Additionally, the bioresin is functionalized with antibacterial silver oxide and bone-growth-promoting hydroxyapatite at various weight ratios to extend its application further. The results demonstrate the agile printability of the novel bioresin and its potential for transformative impact in biomedical applications, offering a versatile material platform for additive manufacturing-enabled personalized medicine. This work highlights the adaptability of the novel printable bioresin for real-life applications and its capacity for multiscale structural tailoring, potentially achieving properties comparable to native tissues and extending beyond conventional additive manufacturing techniques.

Information Technology for Sound Analysis and Recognition in the Metropolis based on Machine Learning Methods

The goal of designing and implementing an intelligent information system for the recognition and classification of sound signals is to create an effective solution at the software level, which would allow analysis, recognition, classification and forecasting of sound signals in megacities and smart cities using machine learning methods. This system can help people in various fields to simplify their lives, for example, it can help farmers protect their crops from animals, in the military it can help with the identification of weapons and the search for flying objects, such as drones or missiles, in the future there is a possibility for recognizing the distance to sound, also, in cities can help with security, so a preventive response system can be built, which can check if everything is in order based on sounds. Also, it can make life easier for people with impaired hearing to detect danger in everyday life. In the part of the comparison of analogues of the developed product, 4 analogues were found: Shazam, sound recognition from Apple, Vocapia, and SoundHound. A table of comparisons was made for these analogues and the product under development. Also, after comparing analogues, a table for evaluating the effects of the development was built. During the system analysis section, a variety of audio research materials were developed to indicate the characteristics that can be used for this design: period, amplitude, and frequency, and, as an example, an article on real-world audio applications is shown. A precedent scenario is described using the RUP methodology and UML diagrams are constructed: Diagram of use cases; Class diagram; Activity chart; Sequence diagram; Diagram of components; and Deployment diagram. Also, sound data analysis was performed, sound data was visualized as spectrograms and sound waves, which clearly show that the data are different, so it is possible to classify them using machine learning methods. An experimental selection of the machine learning method as staandart clasificers for building a sound recognition model was made. The best method turned out to be SVC, the accuracy of which reflects more than 30 per cent. A neural network was also implemented to improve the obtained results. The result of training a model based on a neural network during 100 epochs achieved a result of 97.7% accuracy for training data and 47.8% accuracy when checking performance on test data. This result should be higher, so it is necessary to consider improving recognition algorithms, increasing the amount of data, and changing the recognition method. Testing of the project was carried out, showing its operation and pointing out shortcomings that need to be corrected in the future.

Sandwich-Structured Fluorinated Polyimide Aerogel/Paraffin Phase-Change Composites Simultaneously Enables Gradient Thermal Protection and Electromagnetic Wave Transmission.

There is an emerging requirement of advanced functional materials for simultaneous thermal protection and electromagnetic wave-transparent transmission applications. A novel polyimide (PI) aerogel-based sandwich-structural composite is developed to meet such a requirement in this study. This composite is based on a unidirectional fluorinated PI (FPI) aerogel as a lower layer, a nondirectional conventional PI aerogel as a middle layer, and a nondirectional FPI aerogel/paraffin phase-change composite as an upper layer. The lower layer exhibits a unique unidirectional porous microstructure and an ultralow dielectric constant of 1.04. The upper layer possesses a dynamical temperature regulation capability thanks to its loaded paraffin having a high latent heat capacity of 242.7Jg-1. The presence of the nondirectional PI aerogel middle layer can effectively prevent against the leakage of paraffin from the upper layer to the surface of the composite. Through a rational integration of three functional layers, the developed sandwich-structured composite not only can provide gradient thermal protection for hot objects over a long period but also exhibits an excellent wave-transparent capability to establish communication between two electromagnetically shielded electronic devices. With such prominent thermal insulation and wave-transparent functions, the sandwich-structured composite exhibits great potential for specific applications in aircraft, spacecraft, radar systems, and satellite communication.

Production of High Specific Surface Area Activated Carbon from Tangerine Peels and Utilization of Its By-Products

Biomass waste, generated globally in vast quantities, represents an underutilized yet highly valuable resource for advanced material production. This study highlights a novel valorization pathway for waste tangerine peels, sourced from Jeju Island, South Korea, by converting them into high-performance activated carbon (T-AC) with exceptional pore characteristics, specifically designed for volatile organic compound (VOC) removal. Utilizing a unique combination of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and dry carbonization (DC) processes, the structural properties of the biomass were optimized, significantly enhancing the fixed carbon content. Subsequent chemical activation with an alkaline agent yielded T-AC with an outstanding specific surface area (1530–3375 m2/g) and total pore volume (0.73–2.00 cm3/g), with a tailored pore distribution favoring the sub-mesopore range (2.0–4.0 nm). The T-AC demonstrated remarkable performance in removing methylene chloride (MC), a hazardous VOC, with methylene chloride activity (MA) increasing from 44.7% to 76.3% as the activation agent ratio increased, while methylene chloride working capacity (MWC) improved significantly from 17.1% to 55.9%. These results underscore the transformative potential of tangerine peel-derived AC as a sustainable solution for VOC remediation, combining environmental waste management with advanced adsorption technology. The findings not only advance the field of biomass utilization but also offer a scalable approach for tackling pressing environmental and industrial challenges.

Parameters of the efficiency of modernization of the economy of a macroregion from the perspective of a system of sustainable development

The relevance of the study lies in determining the parameters of the implemented economic transformations on the territory of the federal district as a single set of resource and production potentials, the relationship of which is ensured through public-state regulation based on modern information and digital technologies.The purpose of the study is to establish the parameters of the effectiveness of the implemented modernization of macro-regional systems in accordance with the conditions of balanced development with the help of modern electronic-digital technologies for regulating information flows.The objectives: to identify various options for scientific and theoretical interpretation of conceptual ideas for the content and implementation of economic modernization of various economic systems; to identify the relationships between territorial-resource and production factors with ensuring the optimal nature of production and technological processes at the macro-region level; to establish special functions of regional public administration bodies capable of ensuring balanced socio-economic regulation in the territory of the macro-region; to highlight the key characteristics of the implemented modernization of the economic system of the Southern macro-region in accordance with the specifics of sustainable development.Methodology. In the process of the research, systemic and structural-functional approaches, methods of analysis, generalization, comparison of initial research materials, as well as classification of the results of already implemented research studies of the most important aspects of the modernization of macro-regional socio-economic structures were used..Results. The processes of modernization of the macroregional economic system from the standpoint of the sustainable development system consist in public-management support for the efficient production of various economic goods, conditioned by the optimal-saving use of elements of natural systems within the framework of the implementation of innovative entrepreneurial initiatives while ensuring the optimal standard of living of the population.Conclusions. The parameters of the efficiency of modernization of the economy of the macroregion from the standpoint of sustainable development characterize the formation of available innovative fixed assets and the release of high-quality products with the optimal use of available resource potential. This is ensured through the creation of a single information and communication field of public-private partnership and the coordinated activities of stateadministrative structures of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation within the framework of a single electronic-digital space of the macroregion.