Material Things Research Articles

Chemical Composition and Flavor Characteristics of Cider Fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Non-Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Cider flavor has a very important impact on the quality. Solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) combined with gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) tested different kinds of non-Saccharomyces yeasts and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) co-inoculated for the fermentation of cider to determine differences in aroma material, and the determination of odor activity value (OAV) is applied less frequently in research. Through Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Debaryomyces hansenii, Zygosaccharomyces bailii, and Kluyveromyces Marxianus, four different strains of non-Saccharomyces yeast fermented cider, and it was found that, in both the chemical composition and flavor of material things, compared with monoculture-fermented cider using S. cerevisiae, all differences were significant. Co-inoculated fermentation significantly improved the flavor and taste of cider. As in the volatile compounds of OVA > 1, octanoic acid (Sc 633.88 μg/L, co-inoculation fermented group 955.49 μg/L) provides vegetable cheese fragrance and decanoic acid, ethyl ester (Sc 683.19 μg/L, co-inoculation fermented group 694.98 μg/L) a creamy fruity fragrance, etc., and the average content increased after co-inoculated fermentation. Phenylethyl alcohol, which can produce a rose scent, was relatively abundant in cider samples and varied greatly among the groups. Moreover, the contents of ethyl lactate and 1-butanol in the Sc+Rm (ciders fermented by S. cerevisiae and R. mucilaginosa) were the highest of all of the cider samples. Different types of non-Saccharomyces yeast produced cider with different flavor characteristics. This study demonstrates that different species of non-Saccharomyces yeast do have an important impact on the characteristics of cider and that co-inoculation with non-Saccharomyces yeast and S. cerevisiae for cider fermentation may be a strategy to improve the flavor of cider.

Conceptual sphere of phraseologisms of monetary relations in Ukrainian and Polish language cultures

The article examines the features of verbalization and the ways of conceptualizing cross-language phraseological equivalents and analogs in the field of monetary relations based on the material of Polish and Ukrainian lexicographic sources. Both structural and linguosemiotic methods of finding cross-linguistic phraseological parallels – „from meaning to form“ and „from form to meaning“ used in this research proved their effectiveness. The first method helped collect linguistic material and analyze phraseological equivalents and analogues of the conceptual sphere of monetary relations, which acquire additional attribution in translation, are metaphorically reinterpreted in the code of intangible values or material low-level values, form synonymous series with variant-characteristics and reflect common Slavic traditional folk imagery. By employing the method of correlation of the worldview and lexical semantics, the method of the thematic principle of language material distribution I built a linguistic and cultural model of the conceptual sphere of monetary relations of closely related ethnic groups. The core of the conceptual sphere contains the folk-poetic proto-concept wealth, the generic concept pieniądze / money, the related species concept small payment means and the historical concepts gold, silver, metal. The main space of the conceptual sphere of monetary relations is occupied by the anthropic sphere (the conceptualization of national character traits, extra-national anthropic types, a person’s appearance and biological characteristics, the most necessary physical and material things, such as food, clothing, housing, work, and spiritual ones, such as beliefs. On the periphery of the conceptual sphere of monetary relations there are linguistic and cultural concepts which designate economic phenomena and cosmocentric characteristics of existence. The linguosemiotic method of searching for linguistic material “from form to meaning”, helped describe a special type of cross-language phraseological units, which demonstrate “non-monetary” semantics, but receive such a formal expression that in one language is associated with the sphere of monetary relations, and in the other one causes lacunarity.

The Function of the Land Deed Making Officer in the Prevention of Land Disputes

Disputes or cases regarding land become a social, legal, or cultural problem in Indonesia because it involves the interests of the community and can cause prolonged legal problems and one of the officials appointed by the government to resolve problems or disputes regarding land is the Land Deed Making Officer. Therefore, the formulation of the problem in this study is how to regulate the law regarding the function of the Land Deed Making Officer in preventing land cases and what are the legal responsibilities of the Land Deed Making Officer in preventing land cases. The research method used is normative research method. The results of this study are first, every object that will be transferred or guaranteed must be checked at the land office before the deed is signed. Second, the form of responsibility of the Land Deed Making Officer in providing legal protection to parties is based on the principle of responsibility for error (based on fault of liability). So that there must be a strong source of law equivalent to the law, not just implementing regulations, and it is important for the Land Deed Making Officer not only to pursue formal truths, but material things are also important.

Chatterton's Precious Things

If Thomas Chatterton had been born to Generation Alpha, my children’s generation, he would have been one of those obnoxiously attention-hungry, fashionable, razor-sharp social-media influencers. Self-promotion drove Chatterton. Precocious and sensitive, he used whatever literary and visual tropes seemed most popular to his inexperienced, but culturally acute eyes. His poetics was gorgeously fashionable and fraudulent, an inchoate grab at whatever professional relationships or commercial opportunities were likely to enhance his literary and pecuniary standing, and his success. More than anything, he wished to demonstrate his skills as a professional gentleman of letters, to those he perceived as his coterie circle of peers, patrons and publishers.
 The material experiment that Chatterton is best known for still is the Rowley manuscripts, and their often-repeated story of antiquarian fraudulence and forgery. But when I began researching Chatterton’s poetry and other textual forms, I discovered that his interest in the material was not only some kind of ill-informed, adolescent, historical conmanship; instead, it was a broad-based, ambitious and purposeful attempt to harness the power of material things for his own professional advantage. That said, in this paper I do use the Rowley manuscripts as a case study, because they are the most well-developed and frankly entertaining of Chatterton’s precious things.

Politics with objects? On the affective materiality of contentious politics

How does material culture shape contentious politics? Things, we argue, influence political contention in ways that are reducible neither to struggles over meaning nor to the thingly aspect of things. The article combines pragmatic semiotics with insights on ritual practice and collective experience. By bringing together three often separate literatures – contentious politics, material culture, and affect – we suggest a thicker understanding of agency. Agency, this article contends, is distributed between primary human actors and objects, which exercise a degree of secondary agency. Our aim is to explore how affect is stored in and channelled through seemingly ordinary objects. Political actors use these affectively charged symbol-index-icons in pursuit of various objectives; specifically, material things are shown to enable and constrain episodes of contention. As a result, our understanding of contentious politics involves not only ideas, texts, and opportunity structures but also the objects that help make social and political change possible.

Pursuing precision in medicine and nutrition: the rise of electrochemical biosensing at the molecular level.

In the era that we seek personalization in material things, it is becoming increasingly clear that the individualized management of medicine and nutrition plays a key role in life expectancy and quality of life, allowing participation to some extent in our welfare and the use of societal resources in a rationale and equitable way. The implementation of precision medicine and nutrition are highly complex challenges which depend on the development of new technologies able to meet important requirements in terms of cost, simplicity, and versatility, and to determine both individually and simultaneously, almost in real time and with the required sensitivity and reliability, molecular markers of different omics levels in biofluids extracted, secreted (either naturally or stimulated), or circulating in the body. Relying on representative and pioneering examples, this review article critically discusses recent advances driving the position of electrochemical bioplatforms as one of the winning horses for the implementation of suitable tools for advanced diagnostics, therapy, and precision nutrition. In addition to a critical overview of the state of the art, including groundbreaking applications and challenges ahead, the article concludes with a personal vision of the imminent roadmap.

Theorising Belle Époque Rio de Janeiro through Opium: João do Rio’s “Visões d’ópio” as a Postcolonial Framework

In 1905, Brazilian writer João do Rio published the crônica “Visões d’ópio” (Visions of opium), an account of his forays into the Chinese opium dens of Rio de Janeiro. While opium is often emblematic of both Parisian cosmopolitanism and exotic Orientalism in fin-de-siècle literature, I argue that the drug is less a replication of these coordinates in Brazil than a method of geopolitical thinking. Drawing from opium’s extractive history in China and its versatility as a material thing – plant, commodity, drug, alkaloid – I argue that opium as theory and praxis not only reconfigures the writer’s experience of Rio, but also makes stark the strategies behind and costs of Brazil’s colonial formation. While opium sustains a desire for modernity through its exotic and cosmopolitan imaginaries, its destabilising effects on the body disrupt fantasies of colonial amalgamation, exposing histories of extraction and racialised labour implicit in the drug’s circulation. Through an analysis that bridges empirical and new materialisms – and from a Chinese geographical axis that puts Brazil into a transnational dialogue beyond Europe – opium becomes a medium for thinking through Brazil’s colonial roots and its place in the world among other nation-states during a period of transition from empire to republic.

Analysis of behavioristic learning theory based on John 4:1-42 and its application in Christian religious education

Behavioristic learning theory is often ignored in the learning process for the purpose of forming student behavior. This is caused by the cognitive target or academic value of a student expected by educators. In addition, the lack of stimulants (stimuli) from an educator in terms of conveying learning material and new things that are raised will affect a student's less than optimal response. To carry out this research, the researchers used library research methods. Literature research is research that analyzes literary sources which are then included in this study. The purpose of this research is to understand and apply behavioristic learning theory based on John 4:1-42 in Christian Religious Education. It can be argued that behavioristic learning theory based on John 4:1-42 consists of encouragement from the Lord Jesus Christ for the Samaritan woman so that the Samaritan woman's response is very positive and maximal which results in changes in her behavior and that of others. Through this research, it can contribute to improving new learning systems to achieve the learning objectives of Christian religious education in shaping the character of students so that learning can be more enjoyable.

Theory of geocultural technologies in international relations


 
 
 The development of the theory of geocultural technologies is an attempt to integrate various theories and practices of foreign policy cultural activities of states on the world stage within the framework of a generalizing scientific vision, as well as to rethink international relations on the basis of geographical and cultural determinism, as well as the technological approach. The constitutive basis of the theory of geocultural technologies in international relations is the idea that the subordination of social actors to power is determined by its cultural attractiveness for them and leads to their further internalization, immersion in the cultural and symbolic interpretive matrix that justifies and justifies power in its geocultural originality. The complementary application of geographical, civilizational, cultural, deterministic, communicative and technological approaches has made it possible to outline the contours of the theory of geocultural technologies in international relations, to interpret effective practices of cultural engagement in the local, regional and global dimensions as geocultural technologies. Today, the problem of global cultural governance is increasingly coming to the fore among scholars. By actively participating in global cultural governance, states can not only realize their national interests, but also build the world of the future in accordance with their long-term strategies and culturally determined ideals of coexistence in the context of further increasing interdependence between peoples. In this sense, geocultural technologies are effective means of global cultural governance. The multidimensional nature and manifestations of geocultural technologies as effective practices in the international arena for the dissemination of geocultures allows them to be considered as means of international communication, as tools for public diplomacy, as means of cultural diplomacy, as soft power, as propaganda, and as legitimization. Thanks to geocultural technologies, a global transculture is being formed, which is a synthesis of ideas, images, and material things from different geocul- tures. Geocultures are defined as historically ordered sets of symbols, values, ideals, ideas, language practices, religious traditions, technologies of reproduction and transformation of social relations that embody the spirit of a particular geographical part of the world. Geoculture is inherent in any civilizational community or national-political entity.
 
 

Impact of Christian Education Curriculum in the Application of Christian Stewardship Principles among Christian Students of University of Ibadan, Nigeria

The intention of this paper was to find out the impact of Christian education curriculum in the application of Christian stewardship principles among Christian students of university of Ibadan, Nigeria. Three research questions were raised to guide the study to which answers were given based on the findings of the study. The descriptive research design was adopted for this study. The study was conducted among Christian students of University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The study engaged a purposive sampling technique and 210 (two hundred and ten) Christian students of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, were purposively selected, including undergraduate and postgraduate students. The instrument for the study was a researcher designed questionnaire which benefited from literature. The instrument was validated and a reliability coefficient value of r= .71 was obtained. This adjudged the instrument to be reliable. An electronic questionnaire was sent to 210 (two hundred and ten) Christian students in the University of Ibadan through their fellowship presidents and coordinators. However, 205 Christian students responded to the questionnaire. The data was analysed using mean, mean percentage, standard deviation and ranking. Findings revealed some material pursuits among Christian students of UI to include exotic cars, latest gadgets such as phones and laptops, designer wears and accessories, visit expensive bars and club houses and books to study. The study also shows the extent Christian students in UI possess material things is moderate. Again, the study shows the application of Christian Stewardship principles among Christian students of UI to include stewardship of stewardship of ownership, responsibility, reward and accountability.

Gereformeerde pietisme, neoplatonisme en pre-Romantieke teodisee in die Voortrekkervrou Susanna Smit (1799-1863) se godsdienstige dagboeke

The first half of the eighteenth century witnessed a resurgence of Platonism in literature generally and in theology in Germany en Holland in particular, because of the appeal Plato’s ideas held for the distinction between immanent and transcendental reality, man’s quest for unity with the Good, and the human soul as the vehicle for uniting with God. Because most human beings are preoccupied with material things, Plato believed they need to have their thoughts turned to the immaterial reality behind the material world, and thus to be weaned away from the objects of their passions. To Plato the world is more than a world of appearances. Behind each particular thing is the idea or form of the thing. Moreover, the ideas or forms are all ultimately related to the Form of the Good. Plato believed that the soul is an immaterial entity, which in some ways is like the Forms. Particularly revealing to the emerging trend of Romanticism was Plato’s philosophical transcending of sceptical and materialistic views of reality, the notion that those who know what is good will love and desire it, and that moral virtue is of itself a prerequisite to knowing the good. The problem presented itself as to how sinful man and chaos in the world can be brought in accordance with God’s perfect and sinless nature. Because Plato’s view of human improvement by means of education and salvation through personal virtue is far removed from the Christian message of redemption by a loving, personal God, Pietists reverted to the neo-Platonism legacy of love mysticism to resolve the dualism inherent to the Romantic juxtaposition of the immanent and the transcendent. The Voortrekker woman Susanna Smit reflected these influences in her Reformed Pietistic spirituality and re-interpreted the Christian conviction of the love of God and man’s salvation by relying on neo-Platonism love spirituality in the works of James Hervey, Rutger Schutte, Hieronymus van Alphen, Rhijnvis Feith and other pietistically inclined authors. This research investigates the impact of the idea of experiential numinous love mediating between the Good and the human soul and neo-Platonism love sentimentality in Susanna Smit’s diaries and the effect of these influences in her Reformed Pietistic spirituality from 1843 to 1863.

Crafted Things in the Old English Phoenix

Abstract Crafted things abound in The Phoenix, from the ornamented trees in the phoenix’s paradise, to the gem-like bird itself: in the world of the poem, beauty is synonymous with the skilful design of material things. In spite of this emphasis on construction and creation, the poem also foreshadows the necessary destruction of all the ornaments of this world. This paper reconsiders the crafted things in the poem, including not only the famous description of the phoenix itself, but also the phoenix’s nest, and the mysterious ball it fashions out of its own bones and ashes, reading these crafted things alongside analogues from both Old and Middle English literature. This new reading reveals that the crafted things of the poem are central to the poem’s message about the certainty of the resurrection and the cessation of all cycles of creation and destruction. Although, in the end, the poem reveals that all the crafted things of this world must eventually be exchanged for the lasting home and gleaming ornaments of heaven, the treasures of The Phoenix have an enduring vibrancy which remains even in the face of the destroying Judgement Day fires.

Ingold, hermeneutics, and hylomorphic animism

Tim Ingold draws a sharp line between animism and hylomorphism, that is, between his relational ontology and a rival genealogical ontology. He argues that genealogical hylomorphism collapses under a fallacy of circularity, while his relationism does not. Yet Ingold fails to distinguish between vicious or fallacious circles, on the one hand, and virtuous or hermeneutic circles, on the other. I demonstrate that hylomorphism and Ingold's relational animism are both virtuously circular. Hence, there is no difference between them on this count. A path thus opens for what I call hylomorphic animism. While Ingold's relational animism leads into obscurity, hylomorphic animism is able to explain the differences in power between material things.

Transcendental Time and Empirical Time: Two Types of Time and Their Internal Connection in the Laozi

The concept of time in Laozi’s philosophy is more complicated than it appears. Its complexity stems from the fact that there are two distinct concepts of time: the temporality of empirical things, which is constructed as a finitely continuous temporal succession that is perceptible, and the temporality of the shapeless dao 道, which is conceived of as a transcendental and infinitely continuous temporal succession that is imperceptible. Referring to the excavated Laozi texts, we find that most of the heng 恆 characters were replaced by the character chang 常 in the transmitted versions of the text. In addition, inspired by the excavated text Hengxian 恆先, the concept of heng in Spring and Autumn period philosophy has become an important subject of study. These two factors collectively lay a thought-provoking foundation for understanding Laozi’s ideas about the continuous, large-scale temporal eternality of dao. This article argues that both the daoheng 道恆 and hengdao 恆道 are used in the Laozi to describe the temporality of dao but that the latter has long been forgotten and overlooked by modern scholars. In the compound word hengdao, the character heng is a noun that acts as an attribute; whereas in the compound word hengdao, the character heng is a noun that acts as the predicate. This article argues that Laozi introduced the theory of “dao is eternal” (dao yongheng 道永恆) as evidenced by the use of heng and several time concepts such as “it seems to have even preceded the first ancestors” (xiangdi zhi xian 象帝之先), “the spirit of the valley never dies” (gushen busi谷神不死), “he who lives out his days has had a long life” (si er buwang 死而不亡), “the way … by which one lives to see many days” (changsheng jiushi 長生久視). The temporality of material things originates from the temporality of dao. Moreover, things can possess and expand their own time if they act in accordance with the universal law of dao.

The Positive Impact of Religious Teacher Murottal Art Therapy in Reducing the Anxiety of Elderly People

The purpose of this study was to describe the application of religious teacher murottal art therapy in reducing anxiety in the elderly. The research method uses qualitative methods and makes direct observation and interviews as data collection techniques. The total sample is six respondents. The subjects of this study were elderly people who experienced anxiety at the "Joyah Uken" nursing home. Panti, Bebesen District, Central Aceh District. Researchers divided two informants, namely, the main informant and the key informant. Then, data collection is observation, in-depth interviews with six informants, and document review related to the anxiety of the elderly at the Nursing Home "Joyah Uken" Bebesen District, Central Aceh District. Data reduction with Categorize data according to needs. The presentation of data is done descriptively, and finally drawing, conclusions and verification. The results showed that the study of Art Therapy murottal Quran was able to have a positive impact on the anxiety of the elderly in nursing homes. Among them is being able to eliminate anxiety about death by increasing religiosity so that the elderly feel ready and are not worried about the material and non-material things when they die. The conclusion of the study is that art therapy murottal Quran can reduce anxiety levels and increase immunity in the elderly who experience anxiety in nursing homes.

Analisa Faktor Perilaku Berkendara Pada Siswa SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Jember

Traffic accidents can occur due to the non-compliance of motorized vehicle users in traffic. Traffic accidents can have harmful effects both for the motorbike users themselves and for other people. The impacts are not only limited to material things but can also be physical damage and can resulting in fatal permanent disability. There have been many incidents in traffic accidents, of which not the least of which have resulted in lives being lost. In this day and age due to the rapid development of technology, especially in transportation vehicles, it has caused various kinds of problems. it rarely comes from school children, many school children now use motorized vehicles to school. The aims of this research are: 1) To find out what factors cause students to bring motorbikes to school, 2) To understand students' knowledge about rules in traffic, 3) Knowing the attitude of students in riding motorbikes on the highway

On Reckoning with Games of Chance in the Dutch Republic

This article examines a distinctive type of drinking vessel that was produced in early modern northern Europe known as a ‘somersault cup’ or ‘drink-up’. Lacking a proper base, such beakers had to be emptied of their intoxicating contents before they could rest, inverted, on their rims. These cups clearly lent themselves to hazardous drinking games. The author considers how the confrontation with chance in these drinking vessels broadly pertains to managing the hazards of maritime vessels. She focuses on the implications of dice glasses, which incorporate a single die, in the Dutch Republic circa 1580–1700. The advent of the dice vessels coincides with the Republic's ascendancy as a global mercantile and maritime power. These glasses were produced just as uncertain futures were increasingly subjected to reasoned calculation, particularly in the growing marine insurance industry. Dice glasses suggest complex relationships between numbers and material things in early constructions of risk and future uncertainty.

Semantics of Nudity in Fashion Photography of 20th Century

The purpose of the article is to analyse the semiotics of the body in visual culture of the late 20th and early 21st centuries using the example of fashion photography; to find out how the body has turned from a passive screen for displaying socially and culturally significant markers into an active agent of shaping fashion trends. The research methodology is based on a combination of different approaches to describing the semantic nuances of the body image in modern fashion photography. In particular, with the help of the historical and genealogical method, the evolution of the narrative focus of fashion photography is shown, since at first attention was paid first of all to the beauty of the thing being sold, then to the idealised body. A structural approach was applied to analyse the multiple contexts of fashion photography, such as the perception of a material thing, its photographic representation and expert review. All of them are components of the fashion discourse. Using the epistemological method, the semantics of the concepts of nakedness (as acquired vulnerability) and nudity (as harmonious integrity) are distinguished. The scientific novelty of the study consists in revealing numerous semiotic contexts of the phenomenon of nudity in fashion photography, which is always aestheticised compositionally, colouristically, and cosmetically depending on the cultural environment and cultural era, and therefore naked physicality is a discursive phenomenon, like fashion in general. Conclusions. Corporeality in fashion photography of the 20th century expresses the incessant processuality of postmodern semiosis – the recoding of the world of things into the dimension of signs. The human body becomes a screen for the projection of these signs, the principle of an ongoing game, the eternal engine of advertising discourse to multiplicate visual images. The devaluation of things in the European culture of mass consumption of the second half of the 20th century, caused by their overproduction, contributed to a change in the critical focus of fashion from the clothes in which the human body is wrapped to the body itself. Elitism is no longer defined as a set of precious or luxurious things that a person desires to own and that require a financial investment. Instead, the signifier of exclusivity in late modern Western society is a healthy and attractive body. It requires competent care, medicalisation, sports training, and, therefore, in addition to financial, also investments of time and knowledge. Thus, the fashion photography of the end of the 20th – the first quarter of the 21st century shows the shift in the focus of the fashion discourse from the aesthetics of things to the aesthetics of lifestyle and self-creation, for which the human body serves as a screen.
 Key words: fashion, fashion photography, corporeality, nudity, nakedness.

Between Inside and Outside

Our everyday routines and movements are entangled with and guided by our interactions with material things, such as the material things displayed in our neighbors’ windows. During the pandemic we were unable to engage with others in the street, and so what we shared of ourselves through our windows was a form of communication with our neighbors, even when we could not see them. In this time of social distancing, these archaeological moments are particularly meaningful. This paper explores our deep enmeshment and entanglement with the material displays in our neighbors’ windows, and how these displays contribute to a poetics of place.

Revisiting Gandhi’s Philosophy: A Quest for Global Peace

More than three dozen conflicts are presently ongoing throughout the world. Of these, six have been converted into major wars, viz.: Yemeni Civil War, Mexican Drug War, Afghanistan Conflict, Myanmar Conflict, Ethiopian Civil War and the Russia-Ukraine War. Innocent citizens of these countries, including women and children, are being brutally killed in these conflicts. War leads to disaster. And after the holocaust one tends to preserve what is left behind and creates, once again, what has been destroyed. Ultimately, the end sufferers of the war going countries are its guiltless citizens. Solution to the above-mentioned violent conflicts lies in the Gandhian philosophy based on its four major principles, viz.: satya (truth), ahimsa (non-violence), satyagraha and sarvodaya. There is little scope for greed, lie, hatred, and urge for power, violence and possessiveness in Gandhian philosophy. After all when shall man realize that he is not immortal. Man has to realize that the mentality for more than required material possessiveness is the root cause of poverty and starvation. Wealth earned throughout life cannot be carried after death. The aforesaid chaos and conflict, which the world faces today is because man is running blindly in quest for the attainment of material gains and for the acquisition of absolute power. This selfish quest for money and power attracts jealousy and hatred from all corners ultimately resulting into grievous conflicts. And, therefore, Gandhi propagated in favour of non-possessiveness and detachment from material things. The world has had enough of bloodshed for the establishment of a so called just order, i.e., based on freedom and democracy, especially after the II World War. It is high time these conflicting countries realize that peace is indivisible and so is freedom and both together co-exist and are indivisible too.