Material Selection Criteria Research Articles

Criteria for selection of educational material for the formation of future philologists’ Korean linguistic and socio-cultural competence in speaking

As we can see, the modern processes of modernization of higher education cause particular importance for the formation of professionally-oriented communicative socio-cultural competence, the primary task of the institution is the formation of professional and communicative competence. Korean language didactics needs research, developing and testing of the new teaching methods, because the Korean language is typologically different from the Ukrainian language, the culture of nonverbal behavior of Koreans has no analogues in the world. The study raises issues of modern methods of teaching foreign languages, focuses on the relationship between language and culture, based on the formation of socio-cultural competence.
 The article is devoted to the definition of the main criteria, for which the selection of didactic material for the teaching of Korean oral students can be developed, as well as the formation of Korean linguistic and socio-cultural competence in speaking. The concept of Korean-speaking linguistic and socio-cultural competence in conversations with future philologists is determined, its role and place in the university curriculum are analyzed. The analysis of structural-component conformity of competence is carried out, special attention is paid to the main tasks and stages of formation of linguistic and sociocultural competence in accordance with the level of students' language proficiency. The definition of the concept of culturally marked vocabulary in the Korean language is proposed. The procedure for selecting educational material is outlined. The selection of educational lexical material for the formation of Korean linguistic and socio-cultural competence in speaking on the basis of qualitative and quantitative indicators is done. The selection and the analysis of culturally marked lexical items, culturally marked monologues-samples and dialogues-samples are carried out. Methodical recommendations for the formation of Korean linguistic and socio-cultural competence in speaking are also given

Field screening of elite Cacao (Theobroma Cacao L.) clones to vascular streak dieback (VSD) disease as the selection criteria for planting materials

The field screening for VSD disease infection in four elite cocoa clones (KKM22, KKM4, PBC230, and MCBC1) was conducted after two years of transplanting. This study aimed to determine the efficient selection criteria for planting material of cocoa-based on the intensity of VSD disease and new shoot regeneration characteristics such as number, length, and diameter of new shoots after removal of the infected VSD twigs. Around half population (60%) of the trees were infected by the disease but the infection was minor and observed only on the leaf and twigs of 150 mm in length along the jorquette branches. The MCBC1 clone with a disease severity score of 1.82 is classified under the VSD disease resistance clone whereas other clones with a score averaging 2.21 are grouped under the moderately resistance clone. The cultural practice via pruning of all infected twigs (150 mm) was efficient to control the disease from spreading. One month after pruning, the MCBC1 from disease resistance clone had the lengthiest (62.3 mm) and thickest diameter (15.6 mm) of the new shoot compared with other clones. This study indicates the need for the screening of VSD disease in cocoa plantations so that the disease can be managed and controlled at the early stage of infection. This study also reported the first finding on using new shoot regeneration after pruning for the selection criterion of cocoa planting material in the future breeding programme.

Moisture damage mechanism and material selection of HMA with amine antistripping agent

This study investigates the moisture damage mechanism and material selection of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) with amine-based antistripping agent (ASA). The surface free energy (SFE) of virgin and ASA modified asphalts and five aggregates with different acidities were measured, yielding the compatibility of each asphalt-aggregate combination. The corresponding compacted mixtures were evaluated by tensile strength ratio (TSR) considering the freeze–thaw and MIST conditioning. The use of amine ASA changed the thermodynamic properties of asphalt by decreasing the nonpolar components and increasing the polar components, which enhanced the work of adhesion between asphalt and aggregate and reduced the free energy released at the presence of water. The wettability of asphalt over aggregate was also increased due to the ASA, suggesting a better coating quality of asphalt mixtures was achieved. All those changes led to the increased energy ratio (ER), indicating the improved moisture resistance and compatibility of materials. At the molecular level, it might be because the amino groups from ASA adsorbed the silanol groups at the aggregate surface, leading to a stronger bond between asphalt and aggregate. The asphalt mixtures with acidic aggregate exhibited more serious moisture damage, which could be attributed to the lower dry adhesion energy and the larger free energy released with moisture. To enhance the moisture resistance, the selection of compatible asphalt-aggregate combinations seemed more effective than the use of amine ASA. The ERs of all the asphalt-aggregate combinations correlated well with the TSR results, and the SFE-based criteria for material selection of HMA were tentatively proposed.

Technology Trends and Future Opportunities in Development of NBC Protective Clothing

This article reviews a detailed and timely evolution of Nuclear Biological Chemical (NBC) protective clothing. The increased threat of NBC weapons underlines the need for NBC protective clothing for first responders, service personnel as well as civilians. The material selection criteria for protective clothing have been changed considerably with the development of advance technical fibers to sustain the threat of CWA and fulfill precisely need for the NBC suits. Because of advancement, in the use and delivery of Chemical Warfare Agent (CWA), the evolution of the NBC suit is presented. The chemical protection of NBC protective clothing needs to be precisely evaluated and thereby related standard test methods are also duly accommodated. This review documented the journey of the NBC suit right from charcoal based to activated carbon spheres (ACS), and recent developments on the materials aspects of various protective clothing.

A Review of the Performance and Benefits of Mass Timber as an Alternative to Concrete and Steel for Improving the Sustainability of Structures

The construction industry represents one of the greatest contributors to atmospheric emissions of CO2 and anthropogenic climate change, largely resulting from the production of commonly used building materials such as steel and concrete. It is well understood that the extraction and manufacture of these products generates significant volumes of greenhouse gases and, therefore, this industry represents an important target for reducing emissions. One possibility is to replace emissions-intensive, non-renewable materials with more environmentally friendly alternatives that minimise resource depletion and lower emissions. Although timber has not been widely used in mid- to high-rise buildings since the industrial revolution, recent advances in manufacturing have reintroduced wood as a viable product for larger and more complex structures. One of the main advantages of the resurgence of wood is its environmental performance; however, there is still uncertainty about how mass timber works and its suitability relative to key performance criteria for construction material selection. Consequently, the aim of this study is to help guide decision making in the construction sector by providing a comprehensive review of the research on mass timber. Key performance criteria for mass timber are reviewed, using existing literature, and compared with those for typical concrete construction. The review concludes that mass timber is superior to concrete and steel when taking into consideration all performance factors, and posits that the construction industry should, where appropriate, transition to mass timber as the low-carbon, high performance building material of the future.

The Evolution of Orbital Implants and Current Breakthroughs in Material Design, Selection, Characterization, and Clinical Use.

It is occasionally essential to surgically remove the damaged eye of the patient in the case of serious oculoorbital injuries, intraocular cancers, and other life-threatening diseases. An orbital implant is placed into the anophthalmic socket after the eye is removed to provide adequate volume reinstatement and revamp the cosmetic look of a normal eye. In the previous few decades, implant design and material selection criteria have progressed from basic nonporous polymeric spheres to devices with more complicated shapes and functions to ensure improved long-term clinical results. Because of their highly interconnected porous design, ceramic and polymeric porous implants have found popularity as a passive framework for fibrovascular ingrowth, with lower obstacle rates and the option of setting to improve prosthetic eye mobility. These materials, however, are not without flaws. The danger of migration and extrusion, infections after surgery, and poor motility transferred to the cosmetic ocular prosthesis are important elements of orbital implants of today. As a result, the development of novel biomaterials with improved functionalities (i.e., antibacterial effect, angiogenesis, and in situ moldability) that allow better eye replacement is more desirable than ever, highlighting one of the most challenging aspects of research topics in the field of ocular implants. This study highlights the history of orbital implants. It gives an outline of current advancements in the area, over and above some essential observations for materials design, selection, characterization, and transformation to clinical applications.

Study on Defect Reduction in Casting of Ni-Cr alloy (UNS N06003)

In modern times, selection criteria of materials are solely based on its utilization. The characteristics of materials like high temperature sustainability with regard to its strength and corrosion resistance is the primary requirement to satisfy its operations. Industries categorised in sectors like energy, manufacturing, electronics etc. greatly rely on input materials and their purity decides their performance. Amongst many developed alloys, nickel-based alloys find their position in applications having temperatures from cryo to nuclear ranges. One of such unique materials, being used from minute components of semiconductor industry to huge components of marine industry is UNS N06003. It is basically Ni-Cr based alloy having greater than three-fourth fraction of nickel. For major applications wrought material is widely used, but cast material marks their positions in selected applications. This paper deals with casting of UNS N06003 and improving its quality. The reasons associated with cast defects and drawbacks of defects in terms of performance have been discussed. To minimize casting defects and produce a sound casting, this research adopts a novel approach of removal of unwanted gaseous elements. In degassing stage, molten metal is introduced with the combination of calcium-based fluxes which mainly remove the entrapped gases and lighter impurities in the form of slag. It has been found that the addition of quicklime (CaO) in combination with calcium carbide (CaC2) resulted in reduction of gaseous elements like nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur. Up to 33% reduction of gaseous elements has been detected.

SolidPAC is an interactive battery-on-demand energy density estimator for solid-state batteries

Solid-state batteries hold the promise to be highly impactful next-generation technologies for high-energy and -power-density rechargeable battery applications. It is crucial to identify the metrics that an emerging battery technology should fulfill to achieve parity with conventional Li-ion batteries, primarily in terms of energy density. However, limited approaches exist today to assess and extrapolate the impact of battery designs and choices of cell components on the cell-level energy density of a solid-state battery. Herein, we introduce the Solid-State Battery Performance Analyzer and Calculator (SolidPAC), an interactive experimental toolkit to enable the design of a solid-state battery for user-specified application requirements. The toolkit is flexible enough to assist the battery community in quantifying the impact of materials chemistry and fractions, electrode thicknesses and loadings, and electron flows on cell energy density and costs and in utilizing inverse engineering concepts to correlate the cell energy density output to materials and cell design inputs. • SolidPAC demonstrated as a toolkit for solid-state battery design • Evaluate implications of material selection and design criteria on energy density • Enables inverse design of solid-state batteries for user-specified applications Dixit et al. report a toolkit that enables the design of solid-state batteries that cater to specific user-specified metrics. The paper details the development approach and implementation of the toolkit and provides example calculations as well as an evaluation of experimental literature data to demonstrate the applicability of the developed toolkit.

Dynamic Response and Numerical Interpretation of Three Kinds of Metals for EFP Liner under Explosive Loading

In order to study the dynamic response of tungsten heavy alloy materials under explosive loading, two kinds of typical tungsten alloys for explosively formed projectile (EFP) liner and one kind of existing EFP liner were tested in a flash X-ray experiment, with copper liner as a reference. Results showed that copper liner could form a coherent EFP, while 90W–9Ni–Co and W–25Re liners fractured to different extents. The microscopic features of the three kinds of metals were examined and compared with the original liner, and the microstructure evolutions under explosive loading were analyzed with the fracture model and mechanism of the two kinds of tungsten alloys’ fracture determined. Associated with the stress and strain conditions by numerical simulation, the fracture mechanism of tungsten heavy alloys can be analyzed. The crack-tip plastic zones of 90W–9Ni–Co and W–25Re are much smaller than copper, and due to the severe stress concentration at the tip of cracks, it is easy for cracks to propagate and trigger the cleavage in tungsten alloys. The value of a crack-tip plastic zone r(θ) can be used to explain the fracture phenomenon in explosive loading, which can be an alternative guideline for the material selection criteria of the EFP liner. The research results are significant in understanding the dynamic forming, microstructure evolution, and fracture mechanism of tungsten heavy alloys.

Lexical material selection criteria for assessment of future bachelors’in applied mechanics English lexical competence

Abstract. Introduction. Successful professional communication of future bachelors in applied mechanicsrequires mastering lexical competence. Proper material selection is an essential prerequisite of the effectiveteaching and assessing process. In order to identify what lexicon needs to be taught and checked it is requiredto highlight the selection criteria. Purpose. To identify the unit of lexical material selection; to specify textselection criteria and select texts; to substantiate lexical items selection criteria and select terms that will formfuture bachelors’ in applied mechanics vocabulary. Methods. Thorough study of researches on lexical materialselection; selection and analysis of chosen authentic texts, selection, analysis and classification of terminologicalunits. Results. The research showed that future bachelors’ in applied mechanics vocabulary consists of generalEnglish lexicon and subject-specific vocabulary, i.e. terms. In teaching technical English it is relevant to focuson terminological units that need to be selected from specialism-related texts. Professional texts should beselected according to the criteria of authenticity, the professional value of texts, current relevance and novelty,interdisciplinarity, relation to topic, and terminological abundance. The selected texts are the source of terms that should be chosen following the criteria of relation to topic, frequency, professional and semantic value.The analysis of selected terminological units allows grouping them according to their types and structure.Conclusion. Thus, lexical material selection is a vital part in lexical competence teaching and assessment.Specialism-related texts chosen according to the abovementioned criteria are considered to be the source of futurebachelors’ in applied mechanics vocabulary and the context for test tasks. The selected terminological unitsare the basis of future experts’thesaurus that enables them to communicate effectively in professional situations.

Studies on green concrete – A review

Concrete is one of the most significant ingredients in the construction industry. Though it has numerous advantages such as durability, resilience, fire-resistant, strength, energy-efficient, lower carbon footprint and it causes a huge hidden impact on the environment due to its emission of carbon dioxide into the environment. In this review paper, we have discussed about the material selection criteria, industrial waste products and recycled waste materials for making the green concrete. The strength parameters, performance indicators and durability parameters of green concrete mix proportions partially replaced by the recycle, industrial and agricultural waste products. The objective of this comprehensive review is to give a broad idea of green studies carried out in the recent past and making the green concrete in future by fulfilling the entire shortcoming from the previous studies. And also, this review gives a comprehensive analysis of various waste materials to be partially replaced with concrete for making that to be sustainable environment friendly.

MANAGEMENT OF NURSERIES TO PRODUCE QUALITY PLANTING STOCKS: A CASE STUDY AT PHULTALA UPAZILA OF KHULNA DISTRICT, BANGLADESH

A study was carried out at Phultala Upazilla of Khulna District in order to recognize the basis of selection criteria of planting materials and management techniques to produce better quality planting stocks in nurseries due to the dominance of nurseries in this area. This study was conducted by a survey of 88 sample nurseries using the snowball sampling technique. The majority of nursery owners (51.13%) are middle-aged (31-50), and 37.5% have a primary education. The maximum nursery owners (48.86%) had no training and their nursery size was small to medium size (73.86%). Maximum nurseries are permanent on both own and lease land (43.18%). Normally, greater numbers of fruit tree species are produced than timber species because of the higher demand for fruit tree species. Nursery owners consider quantity rather than improving the quality of seedlings. They collect seeds from the nearby home gardens (Rank-1), individual trees (Rank-2), private plantations (Rank-3), roadside plantations (Rank-4) and purchase them from the local market (Rank-5). They have little knowledge about the quality of seeds as well as their sources. Most nursery owners consider only a few characters for mother tree selection. They do not apply pre-sowing treatment, culling, grading, and conditioning properly, but they use pesticides and fertilizers (usually inorganic) regularly (36.77%). On the basis of this study, it is suggested that the nursery owners should be facilitated with training and other logistical support to achieve adequate knowledge of nursery management and to produce quality planting stocks in the study area.

Developing Theoretical Sustainable Building Material Selection Framework for Ethiopia

The construction industry regarded as one of the pivotal aspects of achieving the objectives of sustainable development in communities. In this regard, the choice of building materials is one of the challenges in order to improve program performance with respect to sustainable development, and the use of sustainable materials is an effective step towards achieving sustainable construction. Selection of sustainable building materials represents an important strategy in the design and construction of buildings in Ethiopia. One of the principal challenges is the process of prioritizing and aggregating relevant criteria into a selection framework. Therefore, the purpose of this framework in building projects is to look at the complexity of the interactions between sustainability building materials and architects and to set up a knowledge-based decision support system. After conducting a thorough literature review, case study (BREEAM, LEED, CASBEE, LBC, and G-SEED), questionnaire, and discussion with selected experts, 27 sustainable building material selection criteria items identified based on the sustainable triple bottom line. A survey of Ethiopian architectural firms was conducted to capture their awareness of sustainable building materials. A total of 199 registered offices, based on Ethiopia's construction ministry in 2021. From among these, 51 offices chosen, as a sample size randomly. One of the study's limitations is that it excludes other stakeholders, such as the client, who may have an influence on material selection. Another drawback is that since elements are used to organize materials and components, Ratings are thus based solely on product performance within each constituent group. On the other hand, this study excluded several items. For example, "products" such as lighting, water fixtures, HVAC, and electrical fixtures are not included.

A Value-Based Decision-Making Model for Selecting Sustainable Materials for Buildings

Nowadays, the earth faces problems and challenges from different circumstances due to the dramatic rise of urban modernization. The construction industry is the most contributor to climate change. Achieving sustainability in construction is complicated, but one of the most optimal strategies is selecting building materials with a lower carbon footprint. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the criteria for sustainable materials selection, rank and prioritize sustainable criteria, and developing value-based decision making. A mixed method was used to satisfy the objectives through an extensive literature review, surveys, and interviews with experts. The statistical descriptive was based on a scatter plot of mean and standard deviation, AHP judgment and Value-based decision-making using function over cost. There are two alternatives obtained in this study: Aluminum Composite Panel (ACP) and Stainless Steel. As a result, the suitable alternative for sustainable façade material is ACP based on value-based calculation. The tendency of choosing sustainable material depends on the stakeholders, owner of the building, designers, and others. The research is to show the way in selecting sustainable material by using value-based analysis. This study could expect to give feasibility and useful knowledge in solving problems and increase the use of sustainable materials in building construction. Future research may be conducted with different requirements for sustainable materials. AHP and Value-based analysis are structured technique that solves a complex problem easily using mathematics and psychology approach.

Design of Materials Configuration for Optimizing Redox-Based Resistive Switching Memories.

Redox-based resistive random access memories (ReRAMs) are based on electrochemical processes of oxidation and reduction within the devices. The selection of materials and material combinations strongly influence the related nanoscale processes, playing a crucial role in resistive switching properties and functionalities. To date, however, comprehensive studies on device design accounting for a combination of factors such as electrodes, electrolytes, and capping layer materials related to their thicknesses and interactions are scarce. In this work, the impact of materials' configuration on interfacial redox reactions in HfO2 -based electrochemical metallization memory (ECM) and valence-change memory (VCM) systems is reported. The redox processes are studied by cyclic voltammetry, and the corresponding resistive switching characteristics are investigated. In ECM cells, the overall cell resistance depends on the electrocatalytic activity of the counter electrode. Nonetheless, the capping layer material further influences the cell resistance and the SET and RESET voltages. In VCM systems, the influence of the electrode material configuration is also pronounced, and is capable of modulating the active resistive switching interface. For both types of memory cells, the switching behavior changes significantly with variation of the oxide thickness. The results present important materials selection criteria for rationale design of ReRAM cells for various memristive applications.

Material Selection Decision-Making Method for Multi-material Lightweight Automotive Body Driven by Performance

This work proposes a material selection decision-making method for multi-material lightweight body driven by performance to achieve that the right materials are used for the correct positions of the automotive body. The internal relationship between performance and mass, cross-sectional shape, wall thickness parameters, and material properties of a thin-walled structure is studied. The lightweight material indices driven by performance are then established. The lightweight material indices and material price are taken as the decision-making criteria for the material selection of automotive body components. A hybrid weighting method integrated with the analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, and quality function deployment is proposed. The difficulty of quantitatively evaluating the performance requirements of different components of the body is solved using the proposed weighting method combined with the numerical analytical results of the component performance under multiple operating conditions of the automotive body. Then, the weight of the decision-making criteria for material selection is calculated. Grey relational analysis is used to make multicriteria decision-making on a variety of candidate materials to select the best material for body components. After the lightweight material selection of the front longitudinal beam of the automotive body, the frontal collision safety performance of the body is effectively improved, and the mass of the front longitudinal beam is reduced by 45%. Material selection result of the front longitudinal beam indicates that the proposed material selection decision-making method can effectively achieve the fast material selection of components in different positions of the body.

Проблемы выбора грамматических материалов в обучении английскому языку

Research relevance: this article is considering selection and organization of grammatical materials relevant in English language teaching. Research purpose: at incorrect interpretation of grammatical minimum content, students cannot fully assimilate the simplest and basic phenomena of morphology and syntax. In connection with this, determination of grammatical material quantity and content in a foreign language allows to increase the quality of learning. Research materials and methods: article analyzes differences between basic principles of selection of active and passive grammatical minimums and the criteria for selection of grammatical materials. Research results: there is requirement for teacher to choose a grammatical topic, ideologically relevant for students training and education. Conclusions: choosing a specific topic, students should be able to systematize their training from simple to complex, from simple to complex.

Testing the Force Absorption of Composite Materials to Select the Best for Making a Helmet

The paper presents and describes the procedure of testing the materials that were available for the production of a multifunctional protective helmet. The procedure was carried out at the company Šestan-Busch d.o.o. as part of the EU project for the development and production of a multifunctional protective helmet. The test results showed that carbon fibers polymers as a composite material have the best impact absorption properties which was a key criterion for material selection. Other materials; glass fibers polymers, aramid fibers polymers and combinations in the test procedure showed worse results compared to the selected criterion.

Fabrication of a Soft Robotic Gripper With Integrated Strain Sensing Elements Using Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing.

With the purpose of making soft robotic structures with embedded sensors, additive manufacturing techniques like fused deposition modeling (FDM) are popular. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filaments, with and without conductive fillers, are now commercially available. However, conventional FDM still has some limitations because of the marginal compatibility with soft materials. Material selection criteria for the available material options for FDM have not been established. In this study, an open-source soft robotic gripper design has been used to evaluate the FDM printing of TPU structures with integrated strain sensing elements in order to provide some guidelines for the material selection when an elastomer and a soft piezoresistive sensor are combined. Such soft grippers, with integrated strain sensing elements, were successfully printed using a multi-material FDM 3D printer. Characterization of the integrated piezoresistive sensor function, using dynamic tensile testing, revealed that the sensors exhibited good linearity up to 30% strain, which was sufficient for the deformation range of the selected gripper structure. Grippers produced using four different TPU materials were used to investigate the effect of the Shore hardness of the TPU on the piezoresistive sensor properties. The results indicated that the in situ printed strain sensing elements on the soft gripper were able to detect the deformation of the structure when the tentacles of the gripper were open or closed. The sensor signal could differentiate between the picking of small or big objects and when an obstacle prevented the tentacles from opening. Interestingly, the sensors embedded in the tentacles exhibited good reproducibility and linearity, and the sensitivity of the sensor response changed with the Shore hardness of the gripper. Correlation between TPU Shore hardness, used for the gripper body and sensitivity of the integrated in situ strain sensing elements, showed that material selection affects the sensor signal significantly.

Developing the Green Building Materials Selection Criteria for Sustainable Building Projects

<p class='IJASEITAbtract'>The utilization of green building materials (GBMs) becomes necessary. The lack of clear guidelines on utilizing GBMs and difficulties in adjusting GBMs criteria adequately for the three sustainability pillars is a major obstacle. Furthermore, it is an issue of multi-criteria decision that considers all sustainability factors during the selection process and implies multi-criteria decision-making mechanism statistical techniques. Consequently, the main challenge is identifying assessment criteria based on the sustainability concept and prioritizing and consolidating the evaluation framework of relevant criteria. Therefore, this paper aims to determine the selection of GBMs criteria to achieve sustainable building projects in Malaysia. To do so, a total of three key criteria and 32 sub-criteria were identified by a review of the previous literature, accompanied by a semi-structured interview with 12 experts. Data were obtained using a questionnaire from 73 building professionals when exploring the country's GBM criteria using the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The findings indicate that the associations between these criteria across the EFA have three key components: environmental, economic, and social. A mean and standard deviation scatter plot analysis was also performed to evaluate the data descriptively to define the relevance criteria. Finally, this study strengthens the current management of building engineering by enhancing the criteria for selecting GBMs in the Malaysian construction industry to satisfy the sustainability objectives of the building projects.