Material Production Research Articles

Development of Russia’s industry: Some regularities and prospects

Industry is the substratum of material production and the economy as a whole. Numerous discussions about the need for new industrialisation make us turn again to the analysis of the state of industrial potential and results of industrial development in Russia. The study aims to explain the performance of the Russian industry in terms of the most relevant and aggregated indicators characterising its functioning, and to formulate its long-term development tasks. The methodological basis of the study is the theory of industrial development. Methods of planning and industrial analysis are used. The evidence is the data for 2012–2022 retrieved from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation and the Unified Interdepartmental Statistical Information System. The research concludes about the ‘contracted’ development of the Russian industry. The growth rate of the gross value added is more significantly impacted by the dynamics of fixed capital rather than that of labour. Yet the labour contributed greatly to the creation of the new value, which indicates the predominance of labour-intensive technologies, or obsolete capital-intensive technologies. The study empirically confirms that some periods saw a ‘paradox of rapid industrialisation’, that is, a substantially lower rate of economic growth against a higher growth of industry and modernisation of its fixed assets. The general conclusion is that when conducting industrial policy, it is necessary to influence the state of the labour and capital factors in the manufacturing sectors. The industrialisation of the Russian economy needs to be oriented towards the technological substitution through the creation of new fixed assets; in addition, the losses of greatly reduced labour potential should be compensated. A promising avenue is the organisation of analytical planning for the state-owned industry and indicative planning for private industries along with the adoption of a law on the state sector.

Indices and methods for evaluating gross ecosystem product in sea areas: a case study in Changdao County, China

IntroductionCoastal nations heavily rely on their sea areas to achieve sustainable socioeconomic development. Sea areas offer abundant marine ecosystem products and services that are difficult to substitute with industrial goods. Although considerable research has been performed to evaluate the contribution offrom the marine ecosystems to human well-being, systematic and measurable indices are lacking.MethodsTo address this knowledge gap, ecosystem service theory was used to establish a framework for assessing the gross ecosystem product (GEP) of a sea area, which represents the total monetary value of final ecosystem products directly and indirectly used by people within a specific administrative jurisdiction in one year. To evaluate marine GEP, three primary indices, i.e., material products, regulating products, and cultural products, were employed, and they consist of eight secondary indices. Material products in the sea area include aquatic products and oxygen products; regulating products include carbon sequestration, climate regulation, waste treatment, and coastal protection; and cultural products include leisure and recreation, and seascape-added value. The marine GEP was calculated for the administrative sea areas of Changdao County, which is located in the Yellow Sea-Bohai Sea transitional zone.Results and discussionOur analysis indicated that from 2017 to 2019, the marine GEP in Changdao ranged between 32.59 and 33.35 billion Chinese yuan (CNY). Regulating products contributed two-thirds of this total value. However, over the three-year period, the marine GEP underwent a 5.64% decrease in Changdao. Specifically, the value of material products increased by 38.85% while that of regulating and cultural products decreased by 9.16% and 15.87%, respectively. Notably, the spatial distribution of ecosystem product values in Changdao displayed two prominent trends: (1) higher values along the coastal sea areas of islands and lower values in offshore sea areas; and (2) higher values in coastal areas of southern islands and lower values in coastal areas of northern islands. Marine GEP may serve as a comprehensive indicator for assessing the sustainability of marine ecosystem. Combining the assessment of both marine and terrestrial GEP facilitates an understanding of how marine and terrestrial ecosystems interact in coastal regions. Furthermore, the combined use of marine GEP and GDP helps better evaluate and sort the level of green development of coastal nations and regions.

Optimization of inoculum production of Stemphylium botryosum for large-scale resistance screening of lentils

BackgroundStemphylium blight incited by Stemphylium botryosum poses a significant threat to lentil crops worldwide, inducing severe defoliation and causing substantial yield losses in susceptible varieties under favorable conditions. While some moderate levels of resistance have been identified within lentil germplasm, a low number of resistant cultivars are available to farmers. Adding to the common constraints of resistance breeding, a notable challenge is generating a sufficient number of spores for large-scale screenings, which are essential for pinpointing additional sources of resistance for integration into breeding programs. Therefore, there is a pressing need to improve existing screening methods and tailor them for large-scale material selection. In pursuit of this objective, a protocol for the efficient production of fungal material has been adapted.ResultsOptimization of fungal material production was successfully achieved by comparing the use of fungal mycelia and spores. Spore production was found to be optimal when produced on solid V8-PDA(hi) medium, while liquid Richard’s medium was identified as superior for mycelium yield. Furthermore, a refined screening method was developed by evaluating the resistance of six lentil accessions to stemphylium blight. This assessment included the use of either fungal mycelia (at densities ranging from 1 to 5 g L− 1) or spores (with densities ranging from 5 × 104 to 2 × 105 conidia mL− 1) under three different relative humidity levels (from 50 to 100%). Both humidity levels and inoculum dose significantly influenced the final disease rating (DR) and the relative Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (rAUDPC). Differences among genotypes in final symptom severity (DR) became more pronounced after inoculation with inoculum densities of 5 g L− 1 of mycelium or of 105 and 2 × 105 conidia mL− 1 of spore under 100% relative humidity. Given the challenges associated with the large-scale production of S. botryosum spores, inoculations with 5 g L− 1 of mycelium is highly recommended as a practical alternative for conducting mass-scale screenings.ConclusionsThe findings from this study underscore the critical importance of maintaining high level of humidity during inoculation and disease progression development for accurately assessing resistance to stemphylium blight. The optimization of mycelial production for suspension inoculation emerges as a more reliable and efficient approach for conducting large-scale screening to assess germplasm resistance against stemphylium blight in lentil crops.

Introduction of ERAC (Environmental Risk Assessment and Control) Frame Work in Manufacturing to Enhance Sustainability

This paper introduces the Environmental Risk Assessment and Control (ERAC) framework as a comprehensive approach to managing environmental impacts throughout the lifecycle of product manufacturing processes. Drawing from a detailed case study conducted at a fiber cement manufacturing plant in Odisha, India, the study identifies environmental risks across various phases including raw material extraction, manufacturing processes, and product disposal. ERAC involves five key components: identification of environmental risks, rigorous risk assessment using tools such as environmental modeling and life cycle assessment, formulation of tailored control measures, implementation with robust monitoring, and continuous improvement. The case study demonstrates significant improvements in environmental performance indicators post-implementation, highlighting reductions in specific PM emissions, carbon footprint, waste generation, and energy consumption, as well as enhancements in productivity and workplace safety. The findings underscore ERAC's effectiveness in promoting sustainable manufacturing practices and environmental stewardship.

Factor analysis of environmental effects in circular closed‐loop supply chain network design and modelling under uncertainty in the manufacturing industry

AbstractSustainable development and competitive advantage are impacted by strategic choices that maximize resource value and reduce waste. Numerous instances of thriving OEM remanufacturing can be observed, predominantly in the business‐to‐business domain. The significance of Closed‐Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) in generating value and managing the recovery process is widely acknowledged within the supply chain industry. Manufacturing companies now have to come up with green supply chain and process design strategies in response to recent changes in environmental regulations. This study designates the specific features of circular closed‐loop supply‐chain design considering end‐of‐life products. Uncertainty in various aspects, such as acquisition, processing, and market stages, is impeding the progress of circular economies and also sustainable development in closed‐loop supply chains (CLSCs). This has led to increased complexity in remanufacturing processes and decreased efficiency. To address this issue, the study proposes a comprehensive, integrative approach for establishing a sustainable CLSC network that adapts to fluctuating demand through a questionnaire analysis. Moreover, the study introduces a multi‐objective optimization model for a dual‐channel supply chain network, aiming to enhance the flow. This model considers both economic and environmental objectives to achieve a sustainable and efficient supply chain system. To determine the ideal circular closed‐loop supply chain (CLSC) network design, the research proposes linear programming model with mixed integer, where recovery can take place in one of three ways: through material recovery, component recovery, or product recovery. Numerous findings from a thorough analysis by data backup that inform CLSC managers of ways to improve product returns in terms of quantity and quality. To address the uncertainty problem, the research also developed the fuzzy credibility constraint technique with a Simulated Annealing algorithm. Using cutting‐edge methods, it is explored and compared how sensitivity analysis results, the impact of altering the problem parameters, and the performance of the suggested model respectively.

Sliding Wear Response of Marble Dust Coatings on Mild Steel Substrates

Reusing and organizing industrial solid waste not only tackles the problem of rising environmental contamination but also lowers landfill space. Furthermore, repurposing these wastes for certain possible uses lowers material costs and production costs. Consequently, the research focuses on the repurposing of marble dust, a by-product of ornamental stone processing, for use as a coating material on metal substrates. A well-designed high-velocity oxy-fuel spray coating equipment is used to deposit the material. In accordance with ASTM G 99-05, high-temperature sliding wear tests are performed on the depositions of coatings using a tribometer, incorporating Taguchi’s L16 orthogonal array. Control variables with a substantial influence on wear loss are discovered, and an ideal factor setting is determined based on the least wear loss. The morphologies of worn surfaces are studied to identify probable wear processes. Based on the outcome of parametric analysis, experiments are conducted using a diverse set of recognized significant control factors, while maintaining consistency in the other variables, to enhance the accuracy of assessing their individual impacts on the specific wear rate.

Clothing as a sociocultural phenomenon (based on materials from modern China)

The object of the study is clothing as a sociocultural phenomenon, a product of material and spiritual cultures. The evolution of clothing is closely related to sociocultural changes in society. The subject of the study is the transformation of clothing in China under the influence of political, economic, social, and aesthetic factors after the beginning of Chinese economic reform and opening up policy. The significant changes have taken place in Chinese clothing, the main of which was the transition from a uniform style of clothing for the whole country to a variety of fashion and styles, as well as the revival of traditional clothing. The transformation in the style and production cycle of clothing in China is based on objective (technology development, market laws, global fashion trends) and subjective reasons (psychology, personal preferences and aesthetic tastes of consumers). There is always a concept behind the behavior in clothes, and the desire for beauty is the main driving force behind the development of clothing. The social psychology of imitation and difference contributes to the spread of fashion trends in clothing. The author's special contribution to the topic is a detailed examination of the impact on the transformation of clothing of political, economic, sociocultural, aesthetic factors, as well as cultural exchanges and folk traditions. The author traces the sequence of fashion trends in China in recent decades. Сontemporary changes in Chinese clothing culture are not limited to simply borrowing Western trends, but are accompanied by the emergence of postmodern ideas and the promotion of the globalization process, which leads not only to the technological and design enrichment of clothing characteristics in China, but also to the growth of cultural awareness and the revivalization of traditional and local cultures.

Joe Louis: A Late Fisher Phase Village on the Little Calumet River

Abstract Excavations at the Joe Louis site (11CK284) in northeastern Illinois provide insight into village life along the Little Calumet River between the mid-fourteenth and late fifteenth centuries AD. In addition to evidence for their horticultural and other subsistence activities, the assemblage shows that site occupants were making stone tools and pottery, processing hides, making clothing, and possibly producing bird-wing fans. Structured deposits of bone and antler hoes, mussel shell, and specific plant and animal remains document the relational entanglements of the site's occupants, both human and otherwise. Given the geographically central location of the site at the margins of two major cultural areas (Oneota and Fort Ancient), as well as the overlapping boundaries with Langford and Huber peoples, Joe Louis villagers may have been actively negotiating social networks and identities through their material products as well as ritual gatherings. These negotiations may have enabled and encouraged coalescent occupations (Langford and Fisher, Fisher and Huber) at other sites in the region.

Prospective of biochar material production and process optimization using co-pyrolysis approach-A mini-review

This mini-review explores the perspective of biochar material production using the co-pyrolysis approach, which involves the thermal decomposition of biomass and other carbonaceous materials in the absence of oxygen at low temperatures (300-500°C). The study investigates the co-pyrolysis of biomass with different materials such as plastics, tires, municipal solid waste, and other organic waste to produce a high biochar yield. The review focuses on the benefits of co-pyrolysis, including higher yield and better quality of biochar, as well as reduced environmental impact by using different waste materials as feedstock. The review also highlights co-pyrolysis challenges, such as process optimization, feedstock preparation, and product characterization. The study concludes that co-pyrolysis of biomass with different materials can be a promising approach for producing high-quality biochar with multiple applications. However, more research is needed to optimize the co-pyrolysis process and evaluate the economic feasibility of biochar production using a computation approach.

Biomanufacturing for a Sustainable Future: Unleashing the Potential of Biotechnology in Pharmaceutical Raw Material Production

The pharmaceutical industry relies heavily on raw materials for drug development, with Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) and excipients forming the fundamental components of pharmaceutical formulations. Traditional methods of pharmaceutical raw material production are plagued by inefficiencies, environmental concerns, and limitations in producing complex molecules. In contrast, biotechnology offers a promising alternative with its capacity for efficient, sustainable, and precise synthesis of pharmaceutical raw materials. This article explores the potential of biotechnology in pharmaceutical raw material production, focusing on techniques such as recombinant DNA technology, microbial fermentation, biocatalysis, and cell culture technology. These methods enable the production of complex molecules with high specificity, purity, and scalability, addressing the shortcomings of traditional approaches. Furthermore, biotechnology facilitates the development of novel drugs, personalized medicine strategies, and innovative treatments, offering hope for previously untreatable conditions. Despite the transformative potential of biotechnology, challenges such as high initial investment, regulatory considerations, and safety concerns need to be addressed for its widespread adoption. In conclusion, embracing biotechnology represents a paradigm shift in pharmaceutical production, promising a more sustainable, personalized, and effective healthcare future. Collaboration between stakeholders is essential to navigate challenges and ensure the responsible advancement of biotechnological applications in healthcare, ultimately improving the quality of life for millions worldwide

Investigation of dynamic compression properties of lightweight engineered geopolymer composites containing different ceramsites (LW-EGC)

Lightweight engineering geopolymer composites (LW-EGC) can contribute to green building materials products by taking advantage of the advantages of man-made ceramsite and geopolymers. In this paper, an active "sacrifice" method was proposed, which is based on the idea that low elastic modulus ceramsites are preferentially damaged or ruptured during the impact loading process, thus absorbing and dissipating the impact energy. LW-EGC was enhanced by PVA fiber with volume fraction of 2% and multi-walled carbon nanotubes with mass fraction of 0.15%. The dynamic compression properties of LW-EGC containing different ceramsites were studied by using Φ100 mm split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test device. The compression characteristics of the LW-EGC under an impact load were evaluated, including the strain rate, dynamic stress–strain relationship, elastic modulus, dynamic increase factor (DIF), energy absorption, and failure patterns. The results showed that the dynamic peak stress, dynamic peak strain, DIF, energy absorption and damage degree of LW-EGC all increased with the increase of strain rate, showing obvious strain-rate sensitivity. At high strain rate, the dynamic elastic modulus mainly showed softening effect. At the same strain rate, the impact resistance of LW-EGC-1 containing fly ash ceramsite was the best, and the damage degree of LW-EGC-3 containing shale ceramsite was the lowest. Empirical DIF formulas of the LW-EGC was proposed; the DIF increased approximately linearly with the strain rate in a logarithmic manner.

Microstructure and fracture toughness of a Nb–Ti–Si-based in-situ composite fabricated by laser-based directed energy deposition

Laser-based directed energy deposition (LDED), a significant integrated preparation technique combining material design and production, has been progressively used to manufacture Nb–Ti–Si-based in-situ composites. However, it is commonly known that Nb–Si-based in-situ composites have low room-temperature fracture toughness. Herein, we have designed a novel Nb–40Ti–10Si–5Al–2V (at.%) composite, the microstructure of LDED-built composite is made up of Nbss and γ-Nb5Si3, the formation of γ-Nb5Si3 precipitate in the Nbss phase with an orientation relationships (ORs) of [1110]γ//[011]Nbss, (10 1‾ 0)γ//(011)Nbss and (1 2‾ 11)γ//(200)Nbss. The composite has Nbss, Nb3Si and γ-Nb5Si3 phases after heat treatment at 1400 °C for 30 h, and δ-Nb11Si4 precipitate has formed in the Nbss phase with an ORs of [100]Nbss//[010]δ, (010)Nbss//(010)δ. The composite processing Nb–40Ti–10Si–5Al–2V (at.%) has outstanding toughness (21.62 MPa·m1/2). It has ascertained that the room-temperature fracture toughness of Nb–Si-based in-situ composite is positively impacted by the high concentration of Ti.

Development Of Reading Materials Based On Local Wisdom To Support Literacy Activities In Elementary School

This research is related to the feasibility, effectiveness and practicality of developing Local Wisdom-Based Reading Materials to Support Class IV Literacy Activities at SD Negeri 1 Fajar City, South Aceh. This research is development research, namely the 4D model development approach (Four-D model) developed by Thiagarajan. This research was carried out at SD Negeri 1 Kota Fajar. This research was conducted in the even semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. The time for this research is planned to be carried out from April 2023 to June 2023. The instruments prepared by the researchers are to determine the Validity, Practicality and Effectiveness of the reading material products created. Research and study of the development process with the 4D model resulted in the conclusion that based on the recapitulation from the Material Validator Expert Team, a percentage of 87.5% was obtained, media experts obtained a percentage of 84% and language experts obtained a percentage of 90%, so the reading material developed by the researcher met the criteria. validity so that it is declared very feasible. Based on the results of the increase in pretest and posttest scores of 27.84, namely from 55.10 and the average posttest score was 82.94, the local wisdom-based reading materials developed can be declared effective in improving student learning outcomes. Furthermore, based on a questionnaire designed to analyze user and teacher reactions to local wisdom-based reading material media to test user practicality, the score obtained was 27 out of a maximum total score of 30 with a percentage of 90%. This means that the practicality of data analysis is very good and can be applied to the learning process.

ANALYZING THE PROCESSES OF ANALYTICAL PROCESSING OF INVENTORY ACCOUNTING INFORMATION FOR THE PURPOSE OF ACCOUNTABILITY

Topicality. The importance of financial and management reporting in enterprises plays a greater role in the effective presentation and control of resources. These reports allow for more efficient organization and rapid adjustment of business management processes, taking into account the importance of backup data. Aim and tasks. This research will examine in detail the theoretical importance and analytical use of reserve data in financial and management reporting. This article provides information on inventory accounting and how it is important for an enterprise, threats that may arise as a result of improper accounting, and the theoretical importance of analytical accounting. Materials and methods. Data Collection, literature review, policy implications were used in the study. Analytical accounting offers analysis and evaluation of inventories by material types and prices. This includes analysis of material movements, evaluation of material types, diversification, identification of safety points and management of material operations. Analytical analysis results contribute to the determination and development of material management policy. Research results. The greatest advantage of the article is that it combines the theoretical and practical aspects of analysis and emphasizes the value of analysis, reflecting important steps and practical tips for material resource management and production process analysis. This helps to develop the material handling process in an effective and safe manner. Conclusion. The accounting of the quantity of materials is carried out by the persons responsible for the material in the warehouse accounting book according to the first documents. The balance of materials as of the 1st of each month is transferred from the warehouse accounting book to the balance table by the accounting staff or the warehouse manager. Then the balance sheet is reconciled with the data of the synthetic account. Thus, in the application of the balance method, accounting does not repeat the work that would be done by materially responsible persons for accounting of materials, and instead organizes control over their work.

Feasibility of using building-related construction and demolition waste-derived geopolymer for subgrade soil stabilization

A high-value utilization approach is essential to improve the utilization rate of building-related construction and demolition waste (brCDW). This study developed a novel approach by synthesizing a brCDW-derived geopolymer to stabilize high liquid limit subgrade soil. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, shear strength test, resilient modulus test, and permanent strain test were conducted to investigate the effects of brCDW-derived geopolymer dosage, curing time, stress state, and moisture condition on the engineering properties of geopolymer stabilized soil. These test results demonstrated that increasing the geopolymer dosage effectively improved the UCS, shear strength and resilient modulus of stabilized soil and reduced the permanent strain of stabilized soil. The 8% brCDW-derived geopolymer provided adequate UCS, shear strength, resilient modulus, and resistance to permanent strain for stabilized soil, which showed the most economical improvement. Mechanistic-empirical models were employed to accurately estimate the stress-dependent resilient modulus and permanent strain of geopolymer stabilized soil at any given stress state. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) test were performed to investigate the strengthening mechanism of brCDW-derived geopolymer stabilization of subgrade soil. The SEM test results indicated that the porosity of stabilized soil was significantly decreased when the geopolymer dosage increased to 8%. The EDS test results demonstrated that the predominant gel types generated from the geopolymer stabilization might be Calcium–Aluminum-Silicate-Hydrate (C-A-S-H), Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (C–S–H), and Calcium-Aluminate-Hydrate (C-A-H) gels. There was also a small amount of Sodium-Alumino-Silicate-Hydrate (N-A-S-H) gel detected in the geopolymer stabilized soil. Finally, the sustainability of brCDW-derived geopolymer stabilization approach was assessed in terms of material production cost, carbon dioxide emission, and energy consumption. The brCDW-derived geopolymer was proven as a sustainable stabilizer for subgrade soil.

Determination of some fuel properties of binary biodiesel and binary biodiesel – diesel blend fuels obtained from camelina oil and waste frying oils

In today's studies on liquid biofuels, it is observed that many of them focus on blends of single biodiesel with diesel. These studies have shown that biodiesel produced from different feedstocks exhibits similar properties to traditional diesel fuel in terms of fuel characteristics and engine performance, indicating the potential of biodiesel to replace diesel fuel. However, recent research has shown limited studies involving the blending of dual biodiesel with traditional diesel fuel.
 In this study, high oil content camelina plant, which has an important place in ensuring sustainability in human food production, in other words, it is not suitable for human food and has the potential to significantly increase our domestic biofuel production, and domestic waste frying oil, which significantly reduces the cost of biodiesel raw material production, were selected as biodiesel feedstock. Binary biodiesel fuels (D0C50WF50, D0C75WF25, and D0C25WF75) were obtained by mixing the biodiesel fuels produced from camelina and domestic waste frying oil by transesterification method in the ratio of 1:1 and 1:3 by volume. Binary biodiesel-diesel blend fuels were obtained by blending binary biodiesel fuels (D75C12.5WF12.5, D50C25WF25 and D25C37.5WF37.5) with conventional diesel fuel (diesel) after blending at 1:1 ratio by volume. As a result of the research, the physicochemical properties (density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, water content, calorific value, cold filter plugging point, cloud and pour point, copper strip corrosion) of the prepared binary biodiesel and binary biodiesel+diesel blend fuels were determined. The results of the analyses of the blend fuels were determined in accordance with the relevant biodiesel standards (EN 14214, ASTM D-6751) and the results were also compared with the reference fuel, diesel fuel.

Synergetic recovery of rutile and preparation of iron phosphate from titanium-extraction tailings by a co-leaching process

This study presents a compelling, eco-friendly methodology for extracting valuable materials from titanium extraction tailing (TET) discharged from the reduction rust process. The process efficiently separates titanium and iron by utilizing a co-leaching technique with sulfuric and phosphoric acids. This method results in a high-grade titanium dioxide (TiO2) with a purity of 61.57 % and an iron leaching rate surpassing 96 % under the optimal conditions of the liquid-to-solid ratio of 4:1, a leaching temperature of 70 °C, and a specific phosphoric acid to iron molar ratio is 1.1. The subsequent refinement phase involves adjusting the pH to 2.0 using ammonia, coupled with controlled precipitation temperature and ageing time, leading to the production of battery-grade iron phosphate (FePO4) with a purity of 98.82 %, in line with the stringent HG/T4701-2014 standards. The material's phase analysis and morphological characterization confirm its high crystallinity and minimal impurity levels. Moreover, the co-leaching approach facilitates magnetite dissolution, effectively enriching the rutile content in the leach residue and concurrently minimizing the formation of ammonium sulfate salts, thereby enhancing the purity of the iron phosphate. These technological advancements contribute to resource recovery research and offer new avenues for industrial material production, laying a solid foundation for sustainable industrial applications.

Investigation of Surface Marble Quarry Enterprises in Marmara Island with Different Risk Methodologies in Terms of Occupational Health and Safety

Since our country is located on the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt, both surface and underground mining sectors have developed. Occupational health and safety have gained importance as the developing mining sector, the increase in raw material production and the increase in the workforce. In this study, considering the geological structure of the marble quarry operating areas and the activities carried out in the quarry on Marmara Island, the second largest island of Turkey in Balıkesir province, 59 hazards and risks from 26 activity areas were determined.These hazards and risks were compared using 5x5 L-type Matrix, Fine-Kinney and Potential Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) quantitative risk methods.In the 5x5 L type Matrix method, 25 are high risk, 1 is medium risk, in the Fine-Kinney method, 16 are very high risk, 8 are high risk, 2 are in the important risk group, and in the FMEA method, 13 "precautions need to be taken" according to RÖS values, 11 “precautions can be taken” and 2 “no precautions needed” risks were identified. Among these methods, it has been determined that the Fine-Kinney method is a suitable method to be used in the operation of surface marble quarries, as it provides safer results by analyzing the hazards and risks specific to the environmental conditions, work areas and employees in a more detailed, comprehensive and more sensitive manner.

Regulating Drug Release with Microspheres: Formulation, Mechanisms, and Challenges

Controlled drug release is a critical component of current drug delivery systems, aiming to improve therapeutic efficacy while minimizing negative effects. Because of their tunable features and numerous applications, microspheres have emerged as adaptable carriers for achieving controlled medication release. This review paper delves into the formulation techniques, mechanisms, and issues connected with controlling drug release utilizing microspheres. The essay begins by discussing the importance of controlled medication release in healthcare and the critical role that microspheres play in accomplishing this goal. It then looks into the numerous formulation options for microspheres, including material selection, production processes, and drug inclusion techniques. The impact of microsphere properties such as particle size, shape, and drug loading on release kinetics is also thoroughly examined. The processes influencing drug release from microspheres are described in detail, including diffusion-controlled, erosion-controlled, and swelling-controlled release mechanisms and the interaction of polymer characteristics and drug-polymer interactions. The article looks at sophisticated methods for producing targeted drug release, including exterior stimuli-responsive microspheres and internal stimuli-responsive systems. Site-specific targeting strategies are investigated, including passive targeting via the increased permeability and retention (EPR) effect and active targeting via ligand-functionalized microspheres. Despite its promise, microsphere-based drug delivery systems face a number of obstacles. Major challenges are burst release, stability, scale-up, immunogenicity, and regulatory issues. In the context of microsphere-based drug delivery, recent advances in enhanced characterization techniques, nanotechnology integration, combination therapies, personalized medicine, and new trends are discussed.

Integration of Google site-based Teaching Materials as Pre Case Based Learning

Case Based Learning is interpreted as case-based learning in which students are considered to have prior knowledge in solving related cases. As a form of initial knowledge, technology-based teaching materials were developed integrated with Google Site. Through this teaching material, students can use it as initial knowledge before case-based learning is implemented or improved. The development of teaching materials is carried out through the ADDIE model (analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Followed by data collection through questionnaires and interviews and analyzed descriptively qualitative. Teaching materials developed with integration into the google site system in the socio-cultural power science course from material expert evaluations with a percentage of 82% and 84% media expert evaluations, this means that the material and media are suitable for use. Furthermore, the feasibility of googel site-based teaching material products from the trial obtained a feasibility percentage of 86%. The use of google site-based teaching materials can be used as an alternative in supporting the effectiveness of case-based learning. This is supported by the accompanying impact in the form of understanding technology-based learning, learning independence, and critical thinking skills.