Material Processing Methods Research Articles

Kinetic Study of Oxidation of Ag-Sn-Zn Solid Solution Powders via Hot Mechanochemical Processing.

Ag-based electrical contact materials are essential in low-voltage devices such as relays, switches, circuit breakers, and contactors. Historically, Ag-CdO composites have been preferred due to their superior electrical and thermal conductivities, resistance to arcing, and mechanical strength. However, the toxicity of Cd has led to increased restrictions on its use. With the aim of contributing to the development of a new environment-friendly, Ag-Zn2SnO4-based electrical contact material, the kinetics of the hot mechanochemical oxidation of a Ag-Sn-Zn solid solution obtained by mechanical alloying were investigated. The results indicated that the proposed synthesis route produces Ag-based composites with a homogeneous distribution of nanoscale Zn2SnO4 precipitates, which is unattainable through conventional material processing methods. This kinetic study established that the mechanochemical oxidation of the Ag-Sn-Zn solid solution follows the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov model. An analysis of the microstructure and the relationship between the activation energy "Ea" and the Avrami exponent "n" from experimental data fitting suggests that the primary mechanism for the oxidation of the Ag-Sn-Zn solid solution during the hot mechanochemical process is related to the three-dimensional oxide growth being limited by oxygen diffusion after its immediate initial nucleation.

ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПАРАМЕТРЫ КОМБИНИРОВАННОГО МЕТОДА ЭЛЕКТРОФИЗИКОХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

This paper describes a combined material processing method using the principles of an electrochemical electroerosion treatment method. Mathematical calculations of processing modes are given, as well as graphs of the efficiency and accuracy of processing, depending on the materials used as a working medium.

Laser-induced protruded bioinspired texturing of Ti-6Al-4V for controlled wettability in biomedical application

Bioinspired protruded textures with variable surface morphology and characteristics are getting worldwide popularity due to their wider applications. Among them controlled wettability for different materials through bioinspired textures is very essential to reduce the adhesion, bacterial contamination and growth, and drug delivery application. Even, identification and efficient fabrication of favorable bioinspired protrusions with optimum parameters are comparatively complex from normal textures through any material processing methods due to their complex shapes, form accuracy and dimensions. Therefore, this work targets the fabrication of four different types of protruded bioinspired textures namely, fish scale, protruded square, protruded circular, Python scale (snake) textured surface on biomedical grade Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy for controlling the wettability using femtosecond laser surface texturing (LST). The optimum process parameters for the machining of Ti-6Al-4V were set as a temporal width of 350 fs, output power of 5.5 W, wavelength of 1030 nm, scanning speed of 100 mm/s and pulse rate of 500 KHz and three repetitions for all the texture types. To examine the effect of texture type, perimeter of all the fabricated textures was kept constant. Further, effect of varying perimeters was also analyzed for perimeter ranges from 300 to 500 µm. Surface morphology and characteristics were also analyzed for the measurement of texture consistency, dimensions and composition which was also related to the wettability results examined by static contact angle of the sessile drop method. Wetting of fish scale texture is decreased with increasing perimeter whereas of all other textures, wettability is going to be improved significantly.

Risk assessment in production of functional food products by means of RCA method

According to the results of review of the regulatory legal acts and standardization documents, the necessity has been determined to develop a methodology for risk assessment in production of functional food products and its introduction into operation for implementation of the quality control system of food products fortified with iodine. This article represents the description of development of risk assessment methodology assigned for assessing the quality control system for functional foods fortified with iodine. The hazardous event in this case is the non-compliance of the food product with the regulatory requirements, in particular the decrease of iodine content in the functional foods down to a level below 30 mcg/100g of the product, which is less than 15% of an adult person's daily requirement. To assess the probable risks that can affect the peculiar features of the functional foods, RCA root cause mapping system was proposed that includes the standard methods: Ishikawa cause and effect diagram, fault tree analysis FTA, failure mode and effect analysis FMEA, and Pareto analysis. The technology of producing of the cooked sausages fortified with iodine-containing food ingredients was chosen as the object of research, as this technology is associated with a wide variety of technological modes and methods of raw materials processing, as well as the storage conditions of the ready products. The results of the study included a review of the collected data, consideration of the hypothesis, expert opinion on the most probable root causes of failures and losses, and the recommended preventive and corrective actions.

Numerical and Theoretical Studies on Axial Compression Performance of Modular Steel Tubular Columns Grouped with Shear-Key Connectors

Shear-keyed inter-modular connections (IMCs) are integral components of high-rise modular steel structures (MSSs), providing robust interconnectivity to support grouped tubular columns across modules, thereby introducing column discontinuities and distinctive structural behavior. This study conducted a comprehensive numerical assessment and theoretical analysis of the axial compression behavior of grouped tubular columns based on a validated finite element model (FEM), which captured the member-to-structural level behavior of steel hollow section (SHS) columns and accommodated geometric imperfections. An FEM was initially developed and validated using 28 axial compression tests documented in the literature, comprising 15 tests on cold-formed and 13 on hot-rolled steel hollow section (SHS) columns. The primary parameters explored in tests included material properties (stainless/carbon), processing methods (cold-formed/hot-rolled), cross-section sizes (D/B), cross-sectional or member slenderness ratios (D/tc, B/tc, or Lc/r), and the number of columns (1, 7, and 11). A comprehensive parametric numerical study involving 103 grouped tubular column FEMs then investigated the influence of initial imperfection, shear-key height (Lt), thickness (tt), steel tube length (D), width (B), thickness (tc), and height (Lc) alongside the effects of space between tube and key, and the gap between tubes. The results indicated that the load-shortening behavior of the grouped columns consists of linear elastic, inelastic, and recession stages. The failure modes observed primarily displayed an S-shaped pair of inward and outward local buckling on the outer sides and double S-shaped local buckling on the interior sides. The buckling arose near the shear key or at 1/4 or 1/2 of the column height. None of the considered models experienced global buckling. Increasing tt, Lt, tc, D, or B enhances strength and stiffness, while Lc or Lc/r linearly affects stiffness and ductility. The columns’ nominal axial strength was reduced because of the shear keys, which decreased compression yielding and caused localized elastic buckling. Subsequently, the theoretical analysis revealed that the design codes do not capture this behavior, and thus, their capacity estimate yields inaccurate findings. This discrepancy renders existing code prediction equations, including those from Indian (IS800), New Zealand (NZS400), European (EC3:1-1), Canadian (CSA S16), American (AISC360-16), and Chinese (GB50017) standards, as well as the model proposed by Li et al., non-conservative. To assure conservative results, the paper recommended modification of existing standards and proposed prediction equations based on a fourth-order differential equation that describes the actual behavior of modular steel columns grouped with shear keys. The proposed design approach accurately predicted the axial compression capacity of modular steel-grouped columns, proving conservative yet effective. This provides valuable data that could transform design and construction techniques for MSSs, extending to various column and IMC forms through adaptable design parameters. This enhancement in structural performance and safety significantly contributes to the advancement of modular construction practices.

Numerical simulation of chemical reactive flow of Boger fluid over a sheet with heat source and local thermal non-equilibrium conditions

In this article, the effect of nonlinear heat source on chemical reactive flow of magnetized Boger fluid over a sheet with Marangoni convection and porous medium is explored. In the modelling, local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) conditions and heat sources are taken into account. The unique heat transport for both liquid and solid phases is provided by the LTNE model, which is based on thermal equations. As a result, various temperature profiles are used in this work for both the solid and fluid phases. It is essential for streamlining industrial procedures, improving material processing methods, comprehending biological systems like blood flow for medicine delivery, determining the environmental impact of pollutant dispersion, and increasing the effectiveness of oil and gas transportation. This model supports crucial decision-making processes in numerous disciplines by offering insights into the intricate interplay between reactive fluids, heat transmission, and chemical reactions. The appropriate similarity variables are used to compress the model equation system, and the shooting method and the conventional bvp4c solver are then used to solve the system numerically. Optimal homotopy approach is used to achieve residual errors. There are suggested best estimates for auxiliary variables. Results show that for larger values of the solvent fraction parameter, Boger fluid exhibits an enhanced velocity profile and a declining thermal profile of the liquid phase. The concentration and thermal profiles of both the solid and liquid phases are declined and enhanced the velocity of the Boger fluid for higher values of the Marangoni convection parameter.

A new compact symmetric shear diamond anvil cell for in situ high-pressure-torsion studies.

In situ studies under severe plastic deformation at high pressures, employing shear diamond anvil cells, have recently gained much interest in the high-pressure community owing to their potential applications in material processing methods, mechanochemistry, and geophysics. These studies, combined with multi-scale computational simulations, provide important insights into the transient hierarchical microstructural evolution, structural phase transitions, and orientation relationship between parent and daughter phases and help establish the kinetics of strain-induced phase transitions under severe plastic deformation. The existing SDACs are mostly used in axial x-ray diffraction geometry due to geometrical constraints providing less reliable information about stress states and texture. Their asymmetric design also poses serious limitations to high-pressure shear studies on single crystals. To overcome these limitations, a new compact symmetric shear diamond anvil cell has been designed and developed for in situ high-pressure torsion studies on materials. The symmetric angular opening and short working distance in this new design help obtain a more reliable crystallographic orientation distribution function and lattice strain states up to a large Q range. Here, we present the advantages of the symmetric design with a few demonstrative studies.

Comparison of 3D-printed poly-ether-ether-ketone and traditional implant materials in cranioplasty

The advancement in material science and processing methods has led to the continuous development of novel biomaterial implants and bone flap manufacturing methods in cranioplasty. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the outcomes and clinical prognosis of patients undergoing skull repair using fused filament fabrication (FFF)-printed poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) implants versus traditional implants (i.e., autologous bone and titanium mesh). We recruited patients who underwent cranioplasty (performed by senior surgeons) between January 2021 and March 2023. A total of 66 patients who underwent cranioplasty were included in this study and divided into three groups according to the material used for their respective implants: (i) three-dimensional (3D)-printed PEEK, (ii) autologous bone, and (iii) titanium mesh. Infection, epilepsy, and transplant failure did not occur in any of the three groups. Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences in terms of implant-related complications and patient neurological function among the three groups 6 months after discharge (P > 0.05). This study demonstrated the feasibility, safety, and aesthetics of 3D-printed PEEK implants for clinical application. Nonetheless, 3D printing may be a promising translational technology for the future of neurosurgery.

An Experimental Approach to Assess Fluorine Incorporation into Disordered Rock Salt Oxide Cathodes.

Disordered rock salt oxides (DRX) have shown great promise as high-energy-density and sustainable Li-ion cathodes. While partial substitution of oxygen for fluorine in the rock salt framework has been related to increased capacity, lower charge-discharge hysteresis, and longer cycle life, fluorination is poorly characterized and controlled. This work presents a multistep method aimed at assessing fluorine incorporation into DRX cathodes, a challenging task due to the difficulty in distinguishing oxygen from fluorine using X-ray and neutron-based techniques and the presence of partially amorphous impurities in all DRX samples. This method is applied to "Li1.25Mn0.25Ti0.5O1.75F0.25" prepared by solid-state synthesis and reveals that the presence of LiF impurities in the sample and F content in the DRX phase is well below the target. Those results are used for compositional optimization, and a synthesis product with drastically reduced LiF content and a DRX stoichiometry close to the new target composition (Li1.25Mn0.225Ti0.525O1.85F0.15) is obtained, demonstrating the effectiveness of the strategy. The analytical method is also applied to "Li1.33Mn0.33Ti0.33O1.33F0.66" obtained via mechanochemical synthesis, and the results confirm that much higher fluorination levels can be achieved via ball-milling. Finally, a simple and rapid water washing procedure is developed to reduce the impurity content in as-prepared DRX samples: this procedure results in a ca. 10% increase in initial discharge capacity and a ca. 11% increase in capacity retention after 25 cycles for Li1.25Mn0.25Ti0.50O1.75F0.25. Overall, this work establishes new analytical and material processing methods that enable the development of more robust design rules for high-energy-density DRX cathodes.

INNOVATIVE MATERIAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES IN PRECISION MANUFACTURING: A REVIEW

Precision manufacturing plays a pivotal role in various industries, demanding high accuracy, efficiency, and quality in the production process. The continual pursuit of innovation in material processing techniques is essential to meet evolving demands and challenges. This review explores the latest advancements and innovations in material processing methods within precision manufacturing. The review encompasses a comprehensive analysis of various innovative material processing techniques, including additive manufacturing, subtractive manufacturing, and hybrid approaches. Additive manufacturing, often referred to as 3D printing, has gained significant attention for its capability to produce complex geometries with high precision. The exploration of novel materials, such as metal alloys, polymers, and composites, expands the applicability of additive manufacturing in diverse industrial sectors. Subtractive manufacturing techniques, such as milling, turning, and grinding, are also undergoing transformative advancements to enhance precision and efficiency. Emerging technologies like abrasive waterjet machining, electrical discharge machining (EDM), and laser machining offer improved accuracy and surface finish while enabling the processing of a wide range of materials, including hard-to-machine alloys and composites. Hybrid manufacturing approaches, combining additive and subtractive techniques, are revolutionizing precision manufacturing by leveraging the strengths of both methods. These hybrid systems enable the production of intricate components with high precision, reduced lead times, and minimized material waste, addressing the challenges of traditional manufacturing processes. Furthermore, the review highlights advancements in process monitoring and control technologies, such as in-process sensing, real-time feedback systems, and adaptive control algorithms, facilitating enhanced quality assurance and productivity in precision manufacturing. The integration of advanced computational tools, simulation techniques, and artificial intelligence further augments the optimization and customization capabilities of material processing techniques, driving efficiency and innovation in precision manufacturing. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the latest developments and trends in innovative material processing techniques, offering a roadmap for future research directions and applications in precision manufacturing industries.
 Keywords: Material, Processing, Techniques, Precision, Manufacturing, Review.

Multi-criteria optimization of sports compression socks using Taguchi-VIKOR statistical approach

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of some key manufacturing parameters of Sports Compression Socks (SCS), aiming to optimize their performance characteristics for athletic applications. We investigated the interplay of material selection (Polyamide and Polyester), knitting structures (Pique and Drop Needle), and processing methods (E-wash, Dip wash, and Direct Press) on the functional properties of SCS. Our experimental design employed a full factorial approach, utilizing the Taguchi method for robust data analysis and the VIKOR (VlseKriterijuska Optimizacija I Komoromisno Resenje) technique for multi-criteria optimization. Key performance indicators assessed included compression pressure, fabric thickness, breathability (air permeability and Overall Moisture Management Capacity), and serviceability (pilling resistance and dimensional stability). The collected data underwent rigorous scrutiny using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess their significance, validated by p-values ( p < 0.05). Further insight into the significance and contribution percentages of each factor was gained through ANOVA (α = 0.10) and visualized using a pie chart. Results demonstrated significant influences of knitting structures and processing methods on the physical and performance characteristics of SCS. Particularly, the Nylon E-wash Pique (NEWP) combination emerged as the most effective, providing a balanced profile of breathability, compression, and durability. Overall, the study contributes to the optimization of SCS performance characteristics for athletic applications, through a comprehensive analysis of key manufacturing parameters, with practical implications for manufacturers. These insights are pivotal for guiding manufacturers in producing high-quality, effective SCS that meet diverse consumer needs. The study advances the understanding of SCS design, proposing strategic approaches that consider important material and manufacturing perspectives. Future research directions include comparing pressure values in yarn-dyed and sock-dyed processes to further enhance the quality of compression garments.

Emerging Applications of Advanced Materials Processing in Healthcare and Biotechnology

Modern material processing methods are revolutionizing the biomedical and health care sectors while offering previously unexplored possibilities for the development of cutting-edge biomaterials. The development of materials with distinctive optical, mechanical, and biological characteristics can be made feasible by innovative techniques such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) & sol-gel processing. These developments have a wide range of applications such as biological sensing technologies, drugs delivery systems, as well as tissue engineering. The present investigation examines the application of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and sol-gel techniques for producing biomaterials customized for certain biomedical applications. The development of nanomaterials, such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles, biologically active glass nanoparticles, and graphene-based coatings, will be discussed in particular. These materials were chosen for their adaptability and demonstrate promise in a number of medical domains, including the advancement of diagnostic imaging techniques, medication delivery systems, and wound healing processes.

Боснийские фразеологические единицы с компонентом-ориентализмом тематической группы «Наименования сладких блюд»

The work is devoted to the analysis of Bosnian phraseological units with orientalism – the name of a sweet dish. The purpose of the article is to show the phraseological potential of borrowings-orientalisms naming sweets in the phraseology corpus of Bosnian Muslims. The relevance of the work is due to the need for a comprehensive study of phraseological units to identify common and idioethnic. The role of orientalisms in creating the imagery of phrasemes is shown in terms of ethnolinguoculturology. The material of the study is non-comparative phrasemes existing in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods of material processing: component analysis; linguoculturological analysis; structural and semantic modeling; comparative and synchronous descriptive. Structural and semantic models illustrate the interlanguage commonality of motivational ideas and at the same time specific, revealed at the level of imagery of phraseology. The research material shows a different phraseological potential of the names of sweet confectionery products of oriental origin. Arabisms and Persiisms as part of phraseological units are «indirect» borrowing: they entered of the inhabitants of Bosnia and Herzegovina through Turkish; they, like Ottomans, are more frequent in Bosnian phrasemes due to various historical and relevant reasons today. Some of the analyzed phrases are recorded by lexicographic sources and in other regions of Southern Slavia, but the activity of their use in live colloquial speech is typical precisely for the language of the inhabitants of Bosnia and Herzegovina, who have the so-called Bosnian Turkish.

Selective Laser-Assisted Direct Synthesis of MoS2 for Graphene/MoS2 Schottky Junction.

Implementing a heterostructure by vertically stacking two-dimensional semiconductors is necessary for responding to various requirements in the future of semiconductor technology. However, the chemical-vapor deposition method, which is an existing two-dimensional (2D) material-processing method, inevitably causes heat damage to surrounding materials essential for functionality because of its high synthesis temperature. Therefore, the heterojunction of a 2D material that directly synthesized MoS2 on graphene using a laser-based photothermal reaction at room temperature was studied. The key to the photothermal-reaction mechanism is the difference in the photothermal absorption coefficients of the materials. The device in which graphene and MoS2 were vertically stacked using a laser-based photothermal reaction demonstrated its potential application as a photodetector that responds to light and its stability against cycling. The laser-based photothermal-reaction method for 2D materials will be further applied to various fields, such as transparent display electrodes, photodetectors, and solar cells, in the future.

Generation of key aroma compounds in fat and lean portions of non-smoked bacon induced via lipid pyrolysis reaction

This study explored the evolution of key aroma compounds and their lipid precursors in the lean (LN) and fat (FT) portions of non-smoked bacon during hot air drying. The results showed that the LN portion contained most of the aroma compounds in the bacon (>88%). The volatile content of the FT portion increased as the drying time increased, whereas that of the LN portion reached a maximum within 24 h and then decreased. Based on the highest volatile contents (4889.48 ± 202.06 µg/kg) and sensory scores, 24 h was considered the optimal drying time. For key aroma compounds, hexanal and 2,3-octanedione were derived from free fatty acids and polar lipids. Notably, 1-octen-3-ol was generated only from polar lipids in the FT and LN portions. The 2-undecenal and (E, E)-2,4-decadienal were produced by the oxidation of neutral lipids in the FT portion. Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone was derived from polar lipids in the LN portion. Altogether, these findings provide theoretical insights into improving the aroma of bacon by optimizing raw material selection and processing methods.

STUDY OF THE ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF(S)-1-METHYL-3-(1-(5-PHENYL ISOXAZOLE-3-CARBONYL) PIPERIDINE-2-IL) PYRIDINE-1-IUM IODIDE

Recently, the attention of specialists to medicines of natural origin has been constantly growing. The interest in the use of such drugs obtained from natural raw materials is justified by high efficiency, a wide range of pharmacological activity, as well as the possibility of using them for a long time without complications and side effects. The share and volume of production of medicinal products is increasing all over the world, through synthetic transformations of substances isolated from wild and cultivated plants. Substances of plant origin are widely used as biologically active additives, agrochemical agents. Research in the field of modern chemistry of plant substances in the Republic and abroad is devoted to a comprehensive and comprehensive study of plant raw materials, including the extraction and designation of the structure and chemical properties of plant components, the study of their biological activity, the development of effective and environmentally safe methods for complex processing of plant raw materials. The attractiveness of alkaloid derivatives to compounds is due to the versatility of their reactivity, as well as the practical use of alkaloid derivatives as medicines. Modification of the molecules of natural compounds by introducing such a substituent is one of the promising directions in the search for new biologically active compounds. Analysis of the results of analgesic activity assessment experiments showed that(s)-1-methyl-3-(1-(5-phenylisoxazole-3-carbonyl) piperidine-22 Il) pyridine-2-Il) pyridine-1-IUM iodide has the ability to reduce the severity of specific nociceptive responses in rats during chemical irritation of the peritoneum. The analgesic activity of the test sample was analyzed on diclofenac sodium.

Soft Biomimetic Approach for the Development of Calcinosis-Resistant Glutaraldehyde-Fixed Biomaterials for Cardiovascular Surgery.

Pathological aseptic calcification is the most common form of structural valvular degeneration (SVD), leading to premature failure of heart valve bioprostheses (BHVs). The processing methods used to obtain GA-fixed pericardium-based biomaterials determine the hemodynamic characteristics and durability of BHVs. This article presents a comparative study of the effects of several processing methods on the degree of damage to the ECM of GA-fixed pericardium-based biomaterials as well as on their biostability, biocompatibility, and resistance to calcification. Based on the assumption that preservation of the native ECM structure will enable the creation of calcinosis-resistant materials, this study provides a soft biomimetic approach for the manufacture of GA-fixed biomaterials using gentle decellularization and washing methods. It has been shown that the use of soft methods for preimplantation processing of materials, ensuring maximum preservation of the intactness of the pericardial ECM, radically increases the resistance of biomaterials to calcification. These obtained data are of interest for the development of new calcinosis-resistant biomaterials for the manufacture of BHVs.

Processing parameter correlations in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing for Fe–Si soft magnetic materials through design of experiments

ABSTRACT Owing to its processing freedom, additive manufacturing has emerged as a promising material processing method for Fe–Si alloys. In this process, the melt pool fused by selective laser undergoes rapid cooling, which results in non-equilibrium solidifications. Therefore, it is essential to systematically investigate the relationship between process parameters, microstructure and magnetic properties of the Fe–Si alloys manufactured by the L-PBF process. However, the conventional experimental approaches require time-consuming and costly procedures and a great deal of trial and error. In this regard, an efficient and cost-effective tool is needed to investigate the effect of process parameters on the microstructure and magnetic properties under a wide range of process conditions. In this study, the processing parameter correlations were conducted based on the statistical methods using the design of experiments. Through this method, the effect of process parameters on various properties, including relative density, coercivity and saturation magnetisation, was systematically investigated.

International Conference on Applied Sciences ICAS2022

Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, May 25-28, 2022 International Conference on Applied Sciences ICAS2022 took place in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the period May 25–28, 2022, at the University of Banja Luka, with the aims to serve as a platform for exchange of information between various areas of applied sciences, and to promote the communication between the scientists of different nations, countries and continents.The conference has been focused on several fields of application, operation and influence of the applied sciences and technologies on industry. Topics of the conference covers a comprehensive spectrum of issues from: 1. Fundamental Sciences: Numerical approximation and analysis, Numerical simulation, Numerical optimization, General statistical methods, Stochastic analysis methods, Analytical and numerical techniques, Finite element methods, Dynamical systems methods, Chemical composition analysis, Energy analysis, Heat transfer, Interdisciplinary applications of physics, Environmental aspects, Effects of pollution, Fuzzy logic, and others… 2. Computers Engineering: Computer modeling and simulation, Algorithms, Software engineering, Artificial intelligence, Neural networks, Image processing, Data acquisition: hardware and software, Data presentation and visualization, Data analysis: algorithms and implementation, Data management, Big Data, Internet and network applications, and others… 3. Electrical Engineering: Electrical and electronic instruments and components, Circuits and circuit components, Signal processing electronics, Power electronics, Electric motors, Electric vehicles, Biomass energy, Wind energy, Solar energy, Solar cells (photovoltaics), Conventional hydropower, Hydroturbines, and others… 4. Mechanical Engineering: General theory of classical mechanics, Computational methods in classical mechanics, Control of mechanical systems, Dynamics and kinematics of rigid bodies, Mechanical properties of solids, Applied mechanics and design, Deformation and plasticity, Mechanical modes of vibration, Mechatronics, Robotic systems engineering, Automotive engineering, Vehicle technology, Aerospace systems and technology, and others… 5. Materials Engineering: Methods of materials synthesis and materials processing, Methods of materials testing and analysis, Metals and metallic alloys, Metallurgy, Nonmetals, Porous materials, Granular materials, Polymers, Biomaterials, Composite materials, Organic compounds, Nanoscale materials and structures, Structural failure of materials, and others…During the four days of the conference, 4 keynote lectures and 121 oral talks were delivered.Based on the works presented at the conference, 45 papers have been selected to be included in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series.List of Organizers, Event sponsored, Honorary Committee, Organizing Committee, Scientific Committee are available in the pdf.

Electrospun fibers with blank surface and inner drug gradient for improving sustained release

New engineering methods and advanced strategies are highly desired for creating novel drug sustained release nanomaterials. In this study, a trilayer concentric spinneret was explored to implement several multifluid electrospinning processes. A trilayer core–shell nanofiber was successfully fabricated, which comprise a drug-free polymeric coating and an inner drug gradient distribution, and then compared with bilayer core–shell and monolithic medicated nanofibers. All the electrospun nanofibers similarly consisted of two components (guest drug acetaminophen and host polymer cellulose acetate) and presented a linear morphology. Due to the secondary interactions within nanofibers, loaded drug with amorphous state was detected, as demonstrated by SEM, DSC, XRD, and FTIR determinations. In vitro and in vivo gavage treatments to rats tests were carried out, the trilayer nanofiber with an elaborate structure design were demonstrated to provide better drug sustained release profile than the bilayer core-shell nanofibers in term of initial burst release, later tail-off release and long sustained release time period. The synergistic mechanism for improving the drug sustained release behaviors is disclosed. By breaking the traditional concepts about the implementation of multifluid electrospinning and the strategy of combining surface properties and inner structural characteristics, the present protocols open a new way for developing material processing methods and generating novel functional nanomaterials.