Materials Of Monuments Research Articles

On the issue of cataloging the orders of Chechen mudirs, naibs and murtazeks from the times of the Imamat (1840–1859)

The article examines a number of awards and official badges (orders) from the times of the Imamat (1840–1859), awarded both by Shamil himself and his subordinates to the Chechen mudirs, naibs and murtazeks. Not only the surviving medals themselves are described, but also sources, illustrations, as well as material monuments that preserve information on the subject of research. In particular, for the first time, the awards of the naibs Baysangur Benoevsky, Gazi-Hadzhi Zandaksky, Tyurshi Tsikaroysky, the supposed medals of the naibs Eski and Uma, as well as epigraphic monuments (grave steles), which depict the lifetime awards of the buried, are being introduced into scientific circulation. An attempt is being made to catalog newly identified and previously known signs associated with the Chechen vilayat (region) of the Imamate. An analysis of graphic images of signs recorded on epigraphic monuments is also carried out. There is a shortage of works on the topic of the article, which determines the relevance of the issue and indicates the long-term nature of the task set by the author (compiling a catalog of Imamate awards given to Chechens). Previously, no attempts were made to catalog the Imamate's awards in the context of the Chechen region. An important result of the work carried out is the introduction into scientific circulation of five Imamate award signs, two of which have the names of the owners written on them, and another sign is dated; attribution of at least five signs depicted on funeral steles; attribution of medals shown in illustrations, as well as photographs from 1885. In addition, it has now been established that for the 19 individuals discussed in the article, there are 28 awards and 4 official categories, with the record holders being Atabi Ataev (4 awards) and Eski Khulkhulinsky (3 awards).

Affect and Commemoration Atop the Pedestal

At the entrance to City Park in New Orleans, Louisiana, a monument to Confederate general P.G.T. Beauregard rose twenty-seven feet over the citizens of New Orleans until 2017, when the sculpture was removed from its pedestal. Following the removal, Mayor Mitch Landrieu asked: “why there are no slave ship monuments, no prominent markers on public land to remember the lynchings or the slave blocks; nothing to remember this long chapter of our lives; the pain, the sacrifice, the shame… all of it happening on the soil of New Orleans.” This landscape of empty pedestals was confronted by Paula Wilson that fall. Rather than erect a material monument that would directly replace the fallen General Beauregard, Wilson turned to her own body. Before the sun rose early one morning, she climbed atop the empty pedestal and began dancing in a performance titled “Living Monument.” This paper analyzes Wilson’s performance and its documentation as radical acts of refusing the logics of monumentality. In examining this work, I consider how performance as a mode of memorialization completely destabilizes the monumental presentation of a static history, thus offering a new grammar by which to think through modes of revolution and redress in the symbolic landscape.

Собиратели гагаузских коллекций Российского этнографического музея

The article analyzes the collecting activities of the Russian Ethnographic Museum employees and amateur local historians of Bessarabia, who have been gathering collections on the Gagauz people ethnography for a century. This fund contains over three hundred material monuments, archival, illustrative and photographic materials on the Gagauz migrants who lived in the territory of Novorossiya (and subsequently in the south of Moldova and in the Odessa Region of Ukraine). Of particular interest is the fact that collecting the materials which characterise the material and spiritual culture of the Gagauz people took place over a long period of time in the same villages. This allows us to trace the dynamics of the development of everyday culture of the Gagauz ethnic group.

Hypological Artifacts of the Copper­Bronze Age in the Archeological Collections of the Museums of Dnipropetrovska and Kharkivska Regions

The actual meaning of this topic is due to the fact that the museum collections of Ukraine contain a lot of material monuments created by the peoples of the Steppe during the Copper-Bronze Age, which were studied only in fragments. The reason for it is that these finds came to museums by accident and as a result were not reflected in reports and publications. Therefore, we do not have a clear information about the situation in the regional and district museums of Ukraine containing the artifacts of the oldest pastoral population in Ukraine. Long ago the need exists to create the qualified catalogs with a description of the monuments of material culture of the early pastoralists, which are stored in the museums of the South and East of Ukraine. Therefore, the purpose of this study is creation of such catalog.
 The methodological basis of the work is the modern post-neoclassical museological, so-called object methodology, the emphasis of which is focused on the study of material culture and material museums as fundamental elements of cultural and natural heritage.
 The results. Materials from four museums of the South and the East of Ukraine were involved for processing: D. I. Yavornytsky Dnipropetrovsk National Historical Museum, Museum of Archeology of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Cultural Institution “I. O. Repin Art Memorial Museum” in Chuguev city of Kharkivska region, Museum of local lore in Zmiiv city Kharkivska region. The territories of Dnipropetrovska and Kharkivska regions were chosen for the study not by accident, because its reflect the gradual change of natural landscapes in the projection on the economy of the population. The study was able to observer the history of the formation of archaeological collections of these museums. A significant achievement for the authors of this article was the creation of a special Catalog of objects in the funds of museums of Dnipropetrovska and Kharkivska regions, which testify to the acquaintance of ancient people with the horse. As a result, it was possible to establish of horse breeding of the local population in the Late Bronze Age.
 The scientific novelty. A significant amount of unpublished material was introduced into scholar circulation.
 The practical significance. It gives reason to believe that in the Late Bronze Age only the first stage of domestication of the horse took place in the steppes of Ukraine. But other issues remain unresolved. It is a topic for future researches. The collections of museums in the South and East of Ukraine should play an important role in it.

The School of Patriotism in the Sermons of Karol Wojtyła

Patriotism is a value which continues to lead to numerous polemics. Writing from a feminist perspective, Magdalena Środa claims that she associates the word “patriotism” with aggression or great boredom. Among those who have discussed this topic, there is a lack of consensus not only on the substance of the matter but even regarding how many kinds of patriotism there are. “There is but one patriotism, just as there is one honesty, one morality, one dignity, and one honor […]. There is but one patriotism, or one’s attitude towards his or her fatherland, one’s attitude towards values, one’s attitude towards the nation, and one’s attitude towards the state” (Władysław Bartoszewski). Among the many questions that patriotism and its understanding give rise to in the twenty-first century, it is worth recalling the teaching of Karol Wojtyła, who was unquestionably a great Pole and patriot. The centenary of the Polish Pope’s birth in 2020 is conducive to such an effort. On the basis of the sermons that Karol Wojtyła preached before his election to the Chair of St. Peter, we can indicate that his patriotism was shaped by the material monuments of Polish history, the figures of great national heroes, and love of one’s nation, language, tradition, and culture.

“Pirogov's Legacy: Past, Present, Future” – Ten Years After the Anniversary International Conference (to the 210th Anniversary of the Birth of N.I. Pirogov)

The article is dedicated to the anniversary date, the 210th anniversary of the birth of the genius of Russian medicine, doctor and surgeon, anatomist and teacher, an outstanding citizen and ardent patriot of Russia – Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov. On November 25, 2010, on the day of the 200th anniversary of the scientist, a memorial plaque was installed at the Department of Operative Surgery of the Academy, made in the Urals at the expense of cadets and being the only material monument in our country that reminds of this event. The article describes thelife path and stages of scientific activity of N.I. Pirogov, his contribution to science and the unconditional significance of his work for the development of clinical medicine and morphology. The international scientific conference “Pirogov's Legacy: Past, Present, Future”, held in November 2010, was a major event in the scientific life of many department teams of the Military Medical Academy and became a memorable part of the anniversary scientific events of St. Petersburg dedicated to the great scientist and organized by the Pirogov Surgical Society and the medical community of the city. This article presents the scientific works of N.I. Pirogov, which can rightfully be considered fundamental in the formation of modern morphology and medicine.

Памятники археологии как исторический источник: историографический обзор

As we know, the material objects of the past are the most important sources of historical science. Also, we are aware that material monuments were not immediately included in the orbit of interests of history. Archaeology is recognized as a field of history. It has come a long and difficult way from general evidence of the past and art history to an academic discipline with its base of sources, methodology and other inherent attributes of a full-fledged scientific unit. There are many works on the history of archaeology, archaeological thought and archaeological research of different scale and nature, where the material sources are historical, or this issue is ignored and the concept of «archaeological source» is openly emphasized. It reflects separative trends in archaeology. In the realities of the current day there is an urgent need to revise the prevailing views and perspectives in the understanding of material evidence as a historical source. It is more than obvious that it should begin with the historiography of the problem. In the present article the history of perception and use of material evidence as a source on the past of mankind is considered. For the completeness of the general presentation in the article a detailed historiographical excursus is carried out, which covers the period from antiquity to the present and considers facts of intentional, indirect, and contextual use of material remains in the reconstruction of the past.

STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF THE RHYME FIELD “CITY”

The article is devoted to the study of the structure of the rhyme field CITY. Its microfields are outlined and their lexical composition is analyzed. It was revealed that the microfields are clearly formed via “urban space” (“structure of space”, “urbanonyms”), “buildings and institutions”, “objects and materials”, “transport”. “Structure of space” contains words: avenue, alley, boulevard, street, square, park, suburb, avenue, market, garden, square etc. Rhymes with the component “street” predominate, the combination of this rhyme with verbs is typical. There is a strong associative connection, on the one hand, between the word square and, on the other hand, rain and rinse; it is a kind of landscape sketch, visual and sound image of the city. Among the components of rhyme – urbanonyms, we single out the names of material monuments of history, temples, places of worship, streets, squares, historic sites, modern neighborhoods and massifs. “Buildings and institutions” is a fairly wide group of nouns: academy, pharmacy, bar, library, railway station, garage, hotel, kindergarten, factory, coffee shop, casino, cafe, cafeteria, cinema, club, bookstore, office, shop, hospital, pawnshop, museum, pub, post office, railway station, restaurant, sex shop, cathedral, supermarket, theater, prison, philharmonic, skyscraper etc. Rhyme with a component “factory” marks Soviet era. Popular urban rhymes are combinations with the word “station”, in particular the cliché further (adj.) – at the station. In the microfield “Urban objects and materials” the most attractive for rhyme comprehension is the word “light”. Often used in the rhyme position, the word “pavement” creates a sound image of a hollow road. Of all the names of modes of transport, the word “tram” is the most popular. This rhyming component, associated with the unchanging attribute of life in the city, has not lost its poetic relevance over the centuries. It is concluded that the processes of urbanization actualize the “urban” rhyme both for the creators themselves and for researchers of the language of modern poetry.

Digital Commemorations of Slave Revolt

Abstract This article presents, troubles, and ultimately seeks to answer two simple questions: What does the digitization of slave resistance look like, and can it serve as a virtual memorial commemorating historic events where markers are lacking in geographic places, such as locations where slave revolts occurred? In four main parts, this article presents an example of digital commemoration of slave resistance in a now defunct online list of shipboard rebellions; it then contrasts this digital resource to material monuments to slave revolt leaders and to diverse types of museum displays (as at the International Museum of Slavery at Liverpool); the next section profiles online resources about slave revolt, including Vincent Brown’s animated map of slave insurrections in Jamaica and repositories, archives, and databases of newspaper advertisements for runaways, arguing that these resources can sometimes be understood not merely as educational tools but also as digital commemorations of slave revolt. Finally, engaging with theory on monuments, memory, and history, this piece explains why digital commemorations existing in virtual space might productively acknowledge our discomfort with the existent archive and the insurmountable gaps in our knowledge of history.

Early Christian equality between peoples and nations — the basis of the Slavic statehood of Rus'-Ukraine, 946—947

Zarichne urban-type settlement (until 1946 - Zarichny Graveyard), located in the north of Rivne region, is one of the stopping places for Princess Olga and her wife during the march from Kyiv to Novgorod. The settlement by the river, founded by the leader of Russia for the defense of our lands and the collection of taxes, still has millennial evidence, material monuments of the X century of national importance, as evidenced by the relevant passport. Preserving the genetic and historical memory of our people, these companions of the state progress of Princess Olga, reflect significant social transformations and the first reforms in the ancient lands of Kiev.

Concepts of exhibiting ethnographic collections of the 18th century Kunstkamera of the Imperial Academy of Sciences

The exposition of the 18th century Kunstkamera of the Imperial Academy of Sciences was arranged according to the principle of a universal, all-encompassing presentation of the surrounding world through material monuments. Along with natural history collections, items related to the traditional spiritual and material culture of various peoples were displayed in the Kunstkamera. As part of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, the Kunstkamera was a kind of public presentation of the activities of academicians, reflecting the development of scientific knowledge in a particular area through the principles of organizing objects and their interpretation. This article analyzes the stages of exhibiting objects of traditional culture, their relationship and interdependence with the development of scientific interest in the “description of peoples”. In the first decades of public exposure for the Kunstkamera (1730s–1740s), the items of traditional culture of any nation were exhibited based on their functional purpose. Large-scale expeditionary geographic studies of Russia, begun by Peter I and continued during subsequent reigns, significantly expanded the body of information and materials stored and studied at the Imperial Academy of Sciences. The ethnographic assemblies received state “publication” during the ethnographic carnival, organized on the occasion of celebrations upon the signing of a peace treaty with the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Empress Anna Ioannovna. Since the end of the 1740s, due to the expeditionary research of the territories of the Russian Empire, the collection of ethnographic items has acquired a systemic classification character, which contributes to a reliable reflection of the system of organizing life sustainment for a certain people in specific territorial conditions. By the last decades of the 18th century, the ethnographic exposition of the Kunstkamera of the Imperial Academy of Sciences was the result of an integrated scientific approach to the presentation of the cultural diversity of the peoples of the Russian Empire.

Archaeoastronomy in the Big Data Age: Origin and Peculiarities of Obtaining Data on Objects and Artifacts

AbstractThe impressive transition from an era of scientific data scarcity to an era of overproduction has become particularly noticeable in archaeoastronomy. The collection of astronomical information about prehistoric societies allows the accumulation of global data on: – the oldest traces of astronomical activity on Earth, emotional and rational display of celestial phenomena in astronomical folklore, “folk astronomy” and timekeeping, in fine arts and architecture, in everyday life; – the most ancient applied “astronomy” – counting the time by lunar phases, accumulation and storage of ancient databases in drawings and pictographic compositions in caves and artificially constructed objects; – “horizon” astronomy as an initial form of observational cult astronomy, preserved only in characteristic material monuments (the oldest cult observatories) with indisputable astronomical orientations. The report shows the importance of collecting the maximum number of artifacts and monuments from prehistory associated with the early emergence of interest in celestial phenomena. Spiritual, emotional and rational (including practical) needs that have aroused interest in Heaven are discussed. The huge variety of activities in realizing the regularity (cyclicity) of celestial phenomena as a stimulus for their use for orientation in space and time is shown.

Pokušaj osporavanja istorijskog nasleđa crkve i postojanja srpskog naroda na primeru Svetog Stefana Štiljanovića

The proving of the history of the Serbian people in all the territories it once inhabited in the past, in any way, cannot represent a unilateral act of an individual or group. Any failure or incorrectly drawn conclusions by the responsible elite, as a rule, result in scientifically-legal solutions that are very difficult or even impossible to be corrected. Therefore, the protection and constant proof of historical stability is a process that, among other things, must protect the material monuments and spiritual organization of the Church which, in themselves, represent the spiritual inheritance on the basis of which the historical existence and duration of the Serbian people in its living environment are confirmed. In this regard, the aim of the paper is to analyse the historical facts of St. Stefan Štiljanovic's attention to the importance of the historical heritage of the church as one of the protection forms of the historical life of the Serbian people in its ethnic territory. In the historic period of the Serbian people, in the Austrian monarchy, he had an important socio-political position. The negation of the history of his personality as well as the authentic prayerfulness was directly targeted against the Serbian religious and ethnic historical continuity of existence in certain parts of the Serbian ethnic territory.

Dziedzictwo kulturowe Podkarpacia jako istotny element rozwoju przedsiębiorczości w regionie

Województwo podkarpackie ze względu na swoje peryferyjne położenie na styku kultur, religii i tradycji, ma bardzo duży potencjał w zakresie dziedzictwa kulturowego. Bez wątpienia ważne dla rozwoju całego regionu są zyski generowane przez turystykę, dzięki którym m.in. istnieje możliwość renowacji zabytków znajdujących się na terenie województwa oraz wspierania lokalnych działań i przedsiębiorczości. Istotnymi produktami turystycznymi opierającymi się na dziedzictwie kulturowym są, oprócz zabytków materialnych, tzw. niematerialne elementy, które przez przedsiębiorcze zachowania ludzi stwarzają szansę na szybszy rozwój regionu. Dobrym przykładem promocji dziedzictwa regionu w zakresie zabytków, folkloru i tradycyjnych wyrobów są liczne przedsięwzięcia prowadzone przez władze województwa podkarpackiego. Dodatkowo należy podkreślić, iż wszystkie działania, które są podejmowane na rzecz rozwoju lokalnych społeczeństw przy wykorzystaniu zasobów dziedzictwa kulturowego, mają istotny wpływ na rozwój tzw. kapitału ludzkiego, który jest podstawą do rozwoju przedsiębiorczości. Głównym celem niniejszego opracowania jest ukazanie powiązań pomiędzy dziedzictwem kulturowym na Podkarpaciu a jego wpływem na przedsiębiorczość, a także odniesienie się do konkretnych przykładów dziedzictwa kulturowego, które przyczyniły się do rozwoju przedsiębiorczości. Do najważniejszych metod zastosowanych podczas realizowania tego zadania należy zaliczyć wnikliwą analizę literatury, przegląd danych statystycznych publikowanych przez GUS oraz liczne, bezpośrednie obserwacje przeprowadzone w terenie i wywiady nieustrukturyzowane.

What Is a Ruin? The Western Definition

What Is a Ruin? The Western Definition

«Национальное возрождение» и развитие искусства фарфора в Швеции: 1850– 1910-е годы.

Special features in cultural development and artistic environment of the second half of the 19th century in Sweden stemmed from historical processes and events connected with the rise of the national movement. Announced in 1811, during the session of the Swedish Association in Stockholm, the idea of the cultural alliance of Nordic countries and the one of the turning back to ancient art, to the origins, found their expression in various forms of art in Sweden. The birth of the “Northern Movement”, which followed it, revived the interest in the authentic old periods of Scandinavian history. To a large extent, it determined the nature of artistic imagery in visual, monumental, and applied arts of the “Nordic French”. In Swedish porcelain production, these trends can be traced in several stages: from the historicism, with its emphasis on perception and new reading of the literary and material monuments of the Viking Age, to a completely new imagery, subjects, and forms of Swedish Art Nouveau.

A Summary of the Tourist Potential of Ferizaj

Ferizaj is, without any doubts, one of the most interesting areas thanks to its wealth and natural beauties. Ferizaj has great potentials for tourism development, as a cultural one as well as to the nature and recreation. Among the potential of local tourism development are Sharri beautiful mountains, river valleys Nerodime, bifurcation, the union of two rivers etc. The different historical past has left numerous material monuments such as tumuli (cemetery) Illyrian, remains of old buildings, residencies and grave stones dating from Middle age. By building objects for tourists we would insure opening of the area and its resources towards tourists and it would valorize, in any aspect, rural, recreational, hunting, fishing, sports, village and ecological tourism. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n2s2p63

Louvre: L’Oeuvre of Alexander Sokurov

Alexander Sokurov’s latest film, Francofonia (2015), produced by the Louvre and filmed in France, takes up the issue of the Louvre in the middle of World War II and the Nazi occupation of Paris. This quasi-documentary, filmed along the lines of Sokurov’s signature documentary “elegies,” also encompasses the history of the Louvre up to the present day. Francofonia follows in the long line of Sokurov’s other films set in museums. Sokurov is an author who has worked more than any other filmmaker to translate paintings into a cinematic medium. While engaging with art history and great museums, however, Sokurov also gives a poignant interpretation of the violence of history that often surrounds great works of art. Thus the museum, in Sokurov’s cinematic interpretation, is both an archive of the most valuable products of civilization, as well as a material monument to the founding cultural and political violence that produced and surrounds it. The overt scrutiny and hypervigilance with which Sokurov films museums affects the very mode of his filming: his camera operates as if it were a museum itself, each film becoming an attempt to save civilization from its own ruination, and from its own blindness. Every frame in Sokurov’s films is thus a freeze-frame, born out of the paralyzing tension between external historical nihilism and the beauty of art.

VIRTUAL GALLERY AS A BASIS FOR THE STUDY OF THE LIFE AND WORK OF BELARUSIAN WRITERS

The legacy of poets and writers of Belarus and Grodno region in particular is undoubtedly rich and diverse. It is well known, that national values begin with the local, regional ones, so that national culture consists of original, distinctive features of regional life. Due to the fact, that on the website of the project LLB-2-269 “Virtual Past is a Keystone for the Future of Museums” the descriptions of museum exhibits were created, we can virtually get acquainted with the artistic and historical heritage of famous personalities, who have left a noticeable imprint on the culture of Belarus and abroad. In a virtual gallery “Literary Grodno region” (http://futureofmuseums.eu/be/ virtual-gallery/maxim-bahdanovich-harodna-museum-collections) virtual visitors have an opportunity to appreciate autographs, documents, books, periodicals, postcards, photographs, household items and home furnishings of the late 19th – early 20th centuries, personal belongings of scientists and writers of Grodno region or of those people, whose lives have been directly related to Prinemanskij region, to Belarus. The descriptions of museum exhibits, which we are presenting, are divided into four subcategories: audiovisual sources, written sources, material monuments and pictorial sources. A significant part of these exhibits has found its place in the “Written sources” subcategory. The descriptions of the original editions of the late 19th – early 20th centuries: works of A. Mickiewicz, E. Ozheshko, V. Syrokomlya, F. Bogushevich, Tetka (A. Pashkevich), Ya. Kupala, Ya. Kolos, M. Bogdanovich, K. Buylo, Ya. Luchina, M. Goretskiy, B. Tarashkevich are of great interest here. Occasional periodicals of the early 20th century are presented by “Nasha Dolya” and “Nasha Niva” newspapers, “Zhizn Belorusa”, “Zhenskoye Delo”, “Krivich” magazines,publications of the first Belarusian calendars etc.The original manuscripts and typescripts of works and letters of such Grodno writers as Z. Veras (L. A. Sivitskaya-Voytik), L. Geniyush, M. Vasilyok, A. Karpyuk, V. Bykov, D. Bichel-Zagnetova, L. Yalovchik are valuable exhibits also. Home furnishings and household items of the late 19th – early 20th centuries are presented in the “Material monuments” subcategory. These are a tea table, a buffet, floor clocks, a bookcase, a chest of drawers, chairs, porcelain crockery and silverware. Writing utensils, caskets, napkins, tablecloths, garments and accessories and other personal items, that belonged to prominent personalities of Grodno, are also shown here. Subcategory “Audiovisual sources” is presented by original photographs of writers and scholars, their relatives and friends, postcards with images of known sceneries and architectural monuments. Among the “Pictorial sources” one can find paintings, icons, portraits, busts, bas-reliefs. In order to understand the style and skill of the definite writer it is not enough only to read his works, it is also extremely important to know the features of that time, which he lived in, his circle of acquaintances that had a direct influence on his creative personality, topics and problems of his works, his position and views. Thus, the virtual gallery “Literary Grodno region”of the project LLB-2-269 “Virtual Past is a Keystone for the Future of Museums” is designed for pupils, students, teachers, researchers and anyone interested in the culture and literature of Belarus. Virtual Gallery is the initial stage, the basis for the study of the huge heritage of outstanding Belarusian writers.

The Digital Monument to the Jewish Community in the Netherlands: a meaningful, ritual place for commemoration

The Digital Monument to the Jewish Community in the Netherlands went online in 2005. This monument has been dedicated to preserve the memory of “all the men, women and children who were persecuted as Jews during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands, and did not survive the Shoah”.In 2010 the Jewish Monument Community was linked to this virtual monument, this website Community offers the possibility to contribute additional information about individual victims remembered in the Digital Monument. The results of this research show that in comparison with commemoration at a traditional material monument, in particular the individual features of this new concept regarding commemoration are valued. Each individual victim may be commemorated and remembered in a very personal manner by telling who the victim was, and how he or she lived on the eve of deportation.The conclusion is that cyberspace may offer a significant and relevant place for, in this case, commemoration practices. Both Digital Monument and Community offer a meaningful place of commemoration of Dutch victims of the Shoah.