Material Inventory Research Articles

Peak-tracking method to quantify degradation modes in lithium-ion batteries via differential voltage and incremental capacity

Incremental capacity (IC) and differential voltage (DV) analyses are effective for monitoring battery health, however, the diagnosis often requires considerable parameterisation efforts and a low scan rate. In this work, a simple-to-parameterise quantitative diagnostic approach is presented, which differentiates between loss of lithium inventory and loss of active materials in the anode and cathode. With an open-circuit voltage model and a genetic algorithm optimisation routine, peak signatures in voltage and capacity differentials are used to quantify degradation modes as opposed to traditional approaches of matching the whole voltage and capacity spectra. The outputs are validated with synthetic IC-DV spectra and achieve a low root-mean-square error of ± 2.0 %. A similar level of accuracy is achieved when heterogeneity is introduced in the synthetic degradation data and also with partial discharge data. Experiments from pouch cells under 5 C discharge and 0.3 C charge cycling at 25 °C and 45 °C, together with post-mortem measurements, confirm the accuracy of this approach with diagnosis scan taken at 0.3 C. The IC-DV peak-tracking quantitative diagnostic code demonstrates a reliable and easy-to-implement means of extracting deeper insights into battery degradation and is shared alongside this manuscript to help academia and industry develop better lifetime predictions.

Perencanaan Persediaan Bahan Baku pada UMK Tiga Bersaudara Kota Kupang dengan Metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)

Abstract Abstract Purpose: This research is a form of raw material inventory planning using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method for fried corn products at UMK Tiga Bersaudara Kupang City. Research Methodology: This research method used a quantitative approach. The data analysis technique used is forecasting, EOQ, and Safety Stock. Results: The outcome of this study is the creation of a raw material inventory that can be applied by the UMK Tiga Bersaudara in carrying out its production. The number of orders for raw materials has also been identified using the EOQ method. To avoid shortages of raw materials, a calculation of how much safety stock is needed in the next period has also been calculated. Limitation: This calculation is predictive so that the reality in the field can change in the future. Contribution: Companies are advised to plan raw material inventory using the methods used in this study, namely forecasting, EOQ, SS, and calculating the total cost of inventory.

Improving the performance of planning and controlling raw material inventory in food industry

This paper discusses the inefficient and inaccurate raw material supply at a food company which results in a backlog. This means the overstock occurs so that the improvement of inventory control needs to be done. ABC classification is firstly utilized as input for Material Requirements Planning (MRP). This paper focuses on four products which are classified into A class. Then, this paper discusses the Triple Exponential Smoothing as the forecasting method. Aggregate planning is also conducted for better production planning. The results of aggregate planning provide solutions to increase the workforce to balance production capacity by the number of demands. Squared Coefficient of Variation (SCV) calculations indicates the demand follows a static pattern. Therefore, the appropriate lot sizing method is the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) to carry out the production needs. Finally, this paper uses capacity planning using Rough-Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP) and Capacity Requirement Planning (CRP) methods. As a result, the capacity meets the Master Production Schedule (MPS) as well as MRP and they are feasible to be implemented.

INVENTORY CONTROL OF DISPOSABLE MEDICAL MATERIALS AT THE BALI MANDARA EYE HOSPITAL

Background: As a health service institution, hospitals have characteristics and management complexities which have an impact on their financing aspects. Controlling the supply of pharmaceutical supplies aims to create a balance between supply and demand in order to realize effective and efficient health services.Aims: This study aimed to design a method for controlling the optimal supply of disposable medical materials at the Bali Mandara Eye Hospital, Bali. Methods: This is a qualitative study based on in-depth interviews with three informants, and involving 11 doctors (users) to determine the critical value of disposable medical materials.Results: ABC analysis was used to classify all types of goods based on their importance to determine priorities based on the value of use. The budget allocation was dominated by only a small portion or only a few types of pharmaceutical supplies. The results show that there was a decrease in the total cost of inventory by 19.14% after the application of the EOQ method. The application of the reorder point (ROP) method can anticipate the occurrence of stock outs or vacancies.Conclusion: The EOQ method is more efficient than the conventional method applied at the Bali Mandara Eye Hospital Pharmacy Installation. The EOQ and ROP methods greatly affect the efficiency and effectiveness of controlling the inventory of medical disposable materials at the Bali Mandara Eye Hospital.Keywords: : inventory control, effective and efficient, medical disposable materials

Management of nuclear materials containing natural uranium and thorium salts

This paper highlights an experimental model proposed for the management of nuclear materials containing natural uranium and thorium salts, based on technical and legislative methods. The investigated nuclear materials originate from laboratory chemicals with expired validity, having as manufacturers companies specialized in the manufacture of laboratory substances such as: Merck, Chemapol, Sigma Aldrich, Bucharest Reagent. The experimental program refers to several issues of great importance in the waste and environmental management, such as: a) the processing of radioactive substances containing nuclear materials and radioactive waste represented by solid objects contaminated with radionuclides from the radioactive series of U-238 and Th-232; b) gamma dose rate measurement during handling and processing of open sources of ionized radiation; c) measurement of suspicious contamination of the operating personnel which handles the equipment, including the materials used in the processing of open sources of ionizing radiation; and d) the inventory of nuclear materials according to the chemical formula, the mass of chemical substance, the mass of the nuclear element in each container and type of packaging. For the good development of processing these open sources of ionizing radiation containing nuclear materials, the ALARA principle (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) was applied, which is fundamental to the principles of radiation protection. All the measurements for determining the gamma dose rate and suspicious contamination were performed with the aid of a CoMo 170 radiometric device produced by Nuvia Instruments Gmbh Germany, equipped with a 170x100 mm2 PL detector with zinc sulfide calibrated with the aid of C-14, Co-60, Cs-137, U-238 and Am-241 radioactive isotopes and an external probe containing a scintillating crystal with sodium iodide enriched with thallium calibrated with Cs-137.

Clinical measures of communication limitations in dysarthria assessed through crowdsourcing: specificity, sensitivity, and retest-reliability

ABSTRACT Assessing the impact of dysarthria on a patient’s ability to communicate should be an integral part of patient management. However, due to the high demands on reliable quantification of communication limitations, hardly any formal clinical tests with approved psychometric properties have been developed so far. This study investigates a web-based assessment of communication impairment in dysarthria, named KommPaS. The test comprises measures of intelligibility, naturalness, perceived listener effort and communication efficiency, as well as a total score that integrates these parameters. The approach is characterized by a quasi-random access to a large inventory of test materials and to a large group of naïve listeners, recruited via crowdsourcing. As part of a larger research program to establish the clinical applicability of this new approach, the present paper focuses on two psychometric issues, namely specificity and sensitivity (study 1) and retest-reliability (study 2). Study 1: KommPaS was administered to 54 healthy adults and 100 adult persons with dysarthria (PWD). Non-parametric criterion-based norms (specificity: 0.95) were used to derive a standard metric for each of the four component variables, and corresponding sensitivity values for the presence of dysarthria were identified. Overall classification accuracy of the total score was determined using a ROC analysis. The resulting cutscores showed a high accuracy in the separation of PWD from healthy speakers for the naturalness and the total score. Study 2: A sub-group of 20 PWD enrolled in study 1 were administered a second KommPaS examination. ICC analyses revealed good to excellent retest reliabilities for all parameters.

PERANAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU DALAM MENUNJANG KELANCARAN PRODUKSI PADA PT. DASKO DAVITEK PERSADA

Inventory of raw materials plays an important role for the company, because it isan element of company assets that have material value in a relatively large amountand value, as well as assets that are sensitive to time, decline in market prices,damage and excess costs caused by errors in handling. The formulation of theproblem in this study is whether the application of the accounting informationsystem for raw material inventory at pt. Dasko davitek persada has beenimplemented effectively and efficiently and how is the role of the accountinginformation system for inventory of appropriate raw materials so that it can supportthe smooth running of production at pt. Dasko davitek persada. Pt. Dasko davitekpersada has been implemented effectively and efficiently, as well as to determinethe role of the appropriate raw material inventory accounting information systemin supporting the smooth production process at pt. Dasko davitek persada.Keywords : Accounting Information System, Raw Material Inventory, Smoo

High-resolution combined building stock and building energy modeling to evaluate whole-life carbon emissions and saving potentials at the building and urban scale

As global and local actors seek to address climate concerns, municipalities, regions, and countries are developing policies for the built environment to reach carbon neutrality. In most cases, however, current policies target new construction and operational carbon emissions only, thus omitting the significant carbon emission saving potential resulting from the reactivation of embodied carbon in existing buildings. This article describes the development of a high-resolution combined building stock model (BSM) and building energy model (BEM) on both building and urban scale using all residential buildings of Ithaca, NY, USA as a case study. The model offers a holistic, detailed and local perspective on operational and embodied carbon emissions, associated saving potentials at both the building and urban scale, and the linkages, trade-offs and synergies between buildings and energy use as a basis for decision-making.A circular economy (CE) in construction posited on the reuse and recycling of existing building materials, necessitates a detailed material inventory of the current building stock. However, the scale and nature of this endeavor preclude traditional survey methods. The modeling process described in this article instead engages a bottom-up data aggregation and analysis approach that combines detailed construction archetypes (CAs) and publicly available, higher-level municipal geospatial data with building metadata defining occupancy and systems to create an autogenerated, detailed 3D geometry. The resulting BSM and BEM can simulate both embodied carbon content and operational carbon emissions of individual buildings within a municipal study with minimal required input data and a feasible computational effort. This provides modelers with a new spatial and geometric fidelity to simulate holistic renewal efforts, and inform carbon neutrality policies and incentives towards the decarbonization of the built environment.

Enhanced Inventory Management Using Blockchain Technology Under Cloud Sector Enabled by Hybrid Multi-Verse with Whale Optimization Algorithm

Inventory cost control is an essential factor in supply chain management. If the supplier’s inventory is insufficient, then the chance to trade the product will be reduced. The manufacturer’s inadequate material inventory will have an effect in termination of production, delays, and a waste of resources and time. On the other hand, postponed transportation will certainly raise costs such as transportation costs and cancellation of orders. Therefore, the operation costs of enterprises will be more, which will lower profits. In conventional supply chains, inventory costs control is not feasible for the view of the entire supply chain. The main intent of this paper is to plan for intelligent inventory management using blockchain technology under the cloud sector. The inventory management of the supply chain includes “multiple suppliers, a manufacturer, and multiple distributors”. The proposed inventory management models consider some significant costs like “transaction cost, inventory holding cost, shortage cost, transportation cost, time cost, setup cost, backordering cost, and quality improvement cost”. This multi-objective cost function is minimized by a novel hybrid optimization algorithm; the concept of WOA is integrated to produce the new algorithm which is termed as Whale-based Multi Verse Optimization (W-MVO) algorithm. For securing the data of distributors, using blockchain technology in a cloud environment helps from the leakage of data to other unauthorized users. Once the cost is reduced in all aspects based on the proposed hybrid optimization algorithm, the distributer will store the concerning data in the blockchain under the cloud sector, where each distributer holds a hash function to store its data, which cannot be restored by the other distributers. The valuable performance analysis over the conventional optimization algorithms proves the effective and reliable performance of the proposed model over the conventional models.

ESTABLISHMENT OF HONESTY PRINCIPLES APPLICATION POLICY IN FIRE INSURANCE AGREEMENTS IN INDONESIA

A form of insurance that guarantees loss and damage due to fire or the risk of its expansion affecting the object of coverage Objects that can be insured are in the form of your property in the form of residential buildings, shop houses, warehouses, factories, office buildings, hotels, household furniture, home appliances, machinery , merchandise, inventory of raw materials or finished goods, and so on in accordance with the Indonesian Fire Insurance Standard Policy (PSAKI). This insurance is also known as All Property Risk Insurance. In the law or insurance agreement there is the principle of honesty. the principle of honesty is the principle for every insurance agreement that is in the provisions of the Civil Code. Article 251 of the Commercial Code also regulates good faith or honesty, this is because insurance agreements have special characteristics, compared to other agreements in the Civil Code. The Insured must be aware that it has an obligation to provide true, honest and complete information regarding the condition of the insured object. Article 251 emphasizes that the principle of good faith or honesty is only for the insured. Insurance is one type of special agreement regulated in the Commercial Code as an agreement, so the provisions of the legal terms of an agreement in the Civil Code also apply to insurance agreements. The legal terms of an agreement are regulated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code, there are 4 valid conditions for an agreement, namely the agreement of the parties, the authority to act, certain objects, and lawful causes.

Analisis Perbandingan Metode Moving Average dan Exponential Smoothing untuk Meramalkan Permintaan Produk Turning Pada CV. Gavra Perkasa

CV. Gavra Perkasa is a manufacturing industry with the finished product in the form of turning. The number of sales transactions will affect the inventory of raw materials. The problem with the company is that the company's ability to predict the amount of raw materials that must be available in the following month is not optimal due to fluctuating demand. This problem will have an impact on planning inventory inventory during the production process and recording inventory usage to optimize storage costs. This study aims to plan inventory demand in the future and to plan inventory use using the Moving average and Exponential smoothing methods. These two methods are used because the results of the demand data plot show a stationary data pattern. The accuracy of the forecasting results was analyzed with the smallest MSE, MAD, and MAPE results. Based on the analysis results, the 5-month MA method is the most accurate with prediction results in 2017 of 57000 units with MAD, MSE, and MAPE values of 3684.21, 24345260, and 0.07.

Non-Destructive Degradation Diagnostics of Lithium-Ion Cells Considering Aging-Related Changes in the Shape of the Half-Cell Open Circuit Potential Curve of Silicon-Graphite

Analyzing changes in the quasi-stationary open circuit potential (OCP) curve during aging is a well-established method for the non-destructive diagnosis of degradation occurring in lithium-ion cells during calendar and cycle aging. It allows detecting and quantifying different degradation modes, especially loss of lithium inventory and loss of active material at a specific electrode, without the need of opening up the cells and performing post-mortem analysis. In order to obtain information on the degradation, the quasi-stationary OCP curve measured from an aged cell is reconstructed based on the half-cell OCP curves of the electrode materials. For this purpose, both half-cell OCP curves are linearly scaled and relatively shifted against each other until the difference between cathode and anode OCP fits the measured full-cell OCP. The parameters for the scaling and shifting of the half-cell OCP curves obtained during this optimization procedure are quantitative indicators of the degradation modes that have occurred in the full-cell. Usually, half-cell OCP curves obtained from pristine electrode material are used in this process and the shape of the half-cell OCP curves is assumed invariant during aging.While this assumption is probably justified for graphite and most established cathode materials, there are a number of recent publications describing a change in the shape of the OCP curve of blended silicon-graphite electrodes during cycle aging. This change is probably mainly caused by a decrease in the relative contribution of the silicon to the overall electrode capacity because of its faster degradation in comparison with the graphite. In this study, we investigate the influence of aging-induced changes in the shape of the OCP of silicon-graphite on the applicability of the method for non-destructive degradation analysis described above for cells containing silicon-graphite as anode material. We also present possible extensions of this method to consider changes on the half-cell level.In the scope of this study, we cycle commercial lithium-ion cells containing nickel-rich nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC-811) as cathode material and silicon-graphite as anode material until different degradation stages are reached. We then measure the quasi-stationary OCP of the full-cell and subsequently open the cells to extract samples from both electrodes. Afterwards, we measure the quasi-stationary OCP curve of the electrode samples by building coin-cells containing an electrode sample as cathode and lithium metal as anode.We reconstruct the full-cell OCP curves at different degradation stages by linear scaling and shifting of half-cell OCP curves both obtained from pristine electrodes and from the electrodes extracted from aged cells as shown in figure 1. This allows us to analyze whether the accuracy of the full-cell OCP reconstruction can be improved by using half-cell OCP curves of aged electrodes. We also present the changes in the quantitative results concerning the occurrence of different aging modes depending on whether pristine or aged half-cell OCP curves are used to reconstruct the full-cell OCP.In addition to this, we present an extended method for non-destructive degradation diagnostics that contains silicon-specific active material degradation as an additional aging mode. We analyze to which degree this method is capable of determining the loss of silicon-related capacity in the anode from full-cell OCP measurements.These results are relevant for both science and application as lithium-ion cells containing blended silicon-graphite as anode material are increasingly used due to their high specific capacity. Adapting the methods for aging diagnosis to this anode material is necessary to obtain valid results from experiments investigating the degradation of full-cells containing silicon-graphite anodes. Furthermore, expanding the existing models describing the aging-related change in full-cell OCP curves by considering changes in the shape of the half-cell OCP curves is a first step for the development of reliable algorithms for electrode-specific state of health estimation for cells containing silicon-graphite. Such algorithms could then be used on-board as part of the functionality of battery management systems.Figure 1: Reconstruction of the open circuit potential curve of a cycle aged full-cell based on both half-cell open circuit potential curves obtained from pristine and cycle aged electrodes Figure 1

Deep Learning for Rapid Failure Mode Classification and Quantification in Batteries

The existing practice of leveraging extensive life-cycle data combined with specialized post-test characterization for lithium-ion battery (LiB) aging mode classification and quantification is both time and resource intensive. To facilitate non-incremental advances in LiB-technology development and validation, innovative, efficient, and inexpensive methods that provide insight into underlying failure modes are needed. Such high-throughput methods would accomplish two primary objectives: (i) early design- and/or use-modification guidelines to battery developers and (ii) accurate prediction of battery state of health. However, developing these high-throughput methods is extremely challenging due to the inherently complex and convoluted nature of battery aging, particularly early in the life cycle, and the sparse data sets associated with limited experimental designs.Conventionally, incremental capacity (IC) analysis has been widely used for investigating electrochemical aging phenomena in batteries by capturing signatures such as peak position, height, width, and area.1, 2 However, classic forward-looking IC analysis involves manual, time-consuming, trial-and-error-based processes that often require supplemental test data. Computationally assisted approaches, such as deep learning (DL), have great potential to make the process automatic and efficient. However, like any other machine-learning (ML) method, DL requires extensive training data for different combinations of aging modes, and these data are difficult and resource intensive to capture experimentally. This hinders the widespread application of ML in battery research.In this presentation, we will discuss how to leverage synthetic IC data associate with different aging modes to establish an automatic DL-model framework that pinpoints aging modes and compositions. We have generated ~26,000 IC-based synthetic data sets for Gr/NMC532 cells and used a DL-model-based framework to automatically classify and quantify the failure modes for 22 single layer pouch cells aged at different charging rates, from 1C to 9C. The framework classifies the dominant aging-mode combination—namely, pure loss of lithium inventory (LLI), LLI plus loss of active material (LAM) from positive electrode, and LLI plus LAM from negative electrode within 100 cycles with more than 99% confidence. Upon classification, evolution of aging modes is quantified as cycling progresses up to 600 cycles. The automatic classification and quantification provide significant benefit over conventional aging-mode identification and quantification analysis which are manual and require substantial time, effort, and experimental data. Our work marks the first efforts utilizing synthetic data to generate training datasets needed for DL and creating models for aging-mode identification and quantification. References C.R. Birkl et al., J. Power Sources, 341, 373–386 (2017)M. Dubarry et al., J. Power Sources, 219 , 204–216 (2012).

Multimodal Characterization of Degradation Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries from Extreme Fast Charging

Electric vehicles (EVs) powered by Li-ion batteries (LIBs) continue to gain prominence in comparison to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. A major and immediate area of improvement for current LIBs used in EVs is to decrease the recharging time, in order to make it comparable to traditional refueling times. To this end, a sub-15 minute recharging time has been identified as an immediate target to achieve, called extreme fast charging (XFC) [1]. However, XFC of LIB is associated with safety and performance issues. Safety issues during XFC cycling can result from irreversible Li plating on the anode, which can lead to a short between the electrodes [2]. Two major pathways for capacity loss in LIBs over cycling are (i) depletion of the recyclable lithium inventory in the cell and (ii) the loss of sites on the active material (electrodes) [3]. Thus, an in-depth of understanding of the mechanisms of irreversible capacity loss including characterization of individual lithium loss mechanisms and the extent of electrode degradation, as well as the conditions that cause it hold the key to designing the next generation of XFC-capable LIBs.In this work, we employ a combination of sub-mm-scale in-situ high-energy x-ray diffraction (XRD) and ex-situ mass spectrometry titration (MST) to quantify the various loss mechanisms in LIBs from XFC cycling. XRD is used to furnish local information on the spatial heterogeneity of loss of lithium inventory (through mechanisms such as irreversible Li plating) and loss of active electrode material, as well as the contribution of such mechanisms to the global cell performance. MST is used to quantify the exact amounts of loss of lithium inventory over the entire cell (such as plated Li, Li-carbonate and Li-acetylide species). The end-of-life characterizations are conductedafter 450 XFC cycles, on single layer pouch cells (3 mAh/cm2 specific capacity, with graphite anode and NMC cathode), where the charging rate and protocol are systematically varied (4C to 9C). The experiments reveal that irreversible lithium plating and electrolyte oxidation/reduction reactions at either electrode are the primary contributions to XFC capacity fade. Dead lithiated graphite species that are co-located with the irreversibly plated lithium constitute a minor component of the capacity fade. Additionally, even though a loss of active electrode material is seen in the cells, the cell capacity is completely dictated by the loss of recyclable lithium ions. Such anapproach emphasizes the importance of multimodal, multiscale characterizations in understanding degradation pathways in LIBs, in order to design the next generation of XFC capable batteries.

System Dynamics Modelling for Dynamic Emergency Response to Accidents Involving Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road

For improving the emergency capacities during road transportation accidents of dangerous goods, this paper divides the accident emergency procedure into four subsystems: accident information processing, personnel rescue and evacuation, vehicle evacuation, and rescue materials delivery. On this basis, the causal mechanism and the loop diagrams of the emergency process are established by using the System Dynamics Method and Vensim software. First, six factors including transportation distance, the degree of mechanical modernization, delay time of personnel control, delay time of traffic information release, command level coefficient, and delay time of department arrival are selected as parameters to test the model’s sensitivity analysis. Then, the influences of the abovementioned factors on the observed value, such as the demand gap of on-site materials, number of people in safe area, number of vehicles in safe area, amount of disposal information, and the dynamic evolution behavior of the system, are analyzed. The results show that the transportation distance is shortened by half, and the time to fill the demand gap is reduced by 39%. The level of mechanical modernization is doubled, the peak inventory of materials in transit will increase by 9.2%, and the time to reach the peak will be shortened by 6.8%. If the delay time of personnel control is shortened by 480 s, the number of people to be evacuated in accident area will be reduced by 56. The delay time of traffic information release is shortened by 480 s, the number of vehicles to be evacuated is reduced by 74, and the time when the vehicle stops entering accident area is 1646 s in advance. The command level coefficient increases by 9.5%, and the speed of action execution increases by 9.6%.

Analisis Sistem Akuntansi Persediaan Bahan Baku Dalam Mengendalikan Persediaan

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>The purpose of this study was to determine and explain the method of recording inventory, the application of the accounting system for raw material inventory, and inventory control carried out at pada PT. YYY In this study, the data obtained by the researcher used a qualitative descriptive method. This study uses primary data and secondary data where the data is carried out by direct research into the field and also uses library research.The results of the analysis show that found differences regarding the method used by the company with theory, the unit was in accordance with theory and no differences were found regarding the application of systems and procedures related to the inventory accounting system and related functions in the existing raw material inventory. theory and there are additional functions, namely warehouse functions, production, shipping and purchasing. However, there are multiple functions and there is often a mutation of goods without supporting documents and using only verbal at PT. YYY. </span></p><p> </p></div></div></div>

ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN PAKAN TERNAK SAPI PADA PT INDO PRIMA BEEF DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TENGAH

The purposes of this study are to analyze cost-efficient control of feed raw material inventory, anticipate shortages of supply, determine the correct time frame for reordering raw materials at the feedlot company PT Indo Prima Beef using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) mathematical model and determine the inventory value of raw materials with the First In First Out (FIFO) assessment model. Data collection was carried out in March-May 2020 using a case study method. The data used were primary data collected using questionnaires and secondary data from literature studies. The results showed that the inventory cost applied by PT Indo Prima Beef was different from the calculation of the EOQ model. According to EOQ analysis, the largest amount of safety stock is corn sugarcane as much as 139,725.95 kg, and the lowest amount is salt around 870.63 kg. The reorder point for PT Indo Prima Beef with the largest amount was dry onggok as much as 139,926 kg, while the lowest amount was 724.87 kg of salt. PT Indo Prima Beef uses a perpetual recording system with the First In First Out (FIFO) inventory valuation method with a total raw material inventory value of IDR2,129,685,820 in one year.Key words: EOQ,FIFO, inventory, supplies

ANALISIS ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY TERHADAP PREDIKSI PERSEDIAAN (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA UMKM MANUFAKTUR DI KOTA BANDA ACEH)

According to data from the Aceh Cooperative and the Office of Small and Medium Enterprises in the past three years, the number of small and medium enterprises has increased by 25%. The contribution of SMEs to Aceh’s GRDP reached 55.56%. Various programs have also been implemented to improve the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. One of them is inventory management at the lowest cost. This study aims to determine the economic order quantity of raw materials and compare the total cost of raw material inventory, as well as the use of economic order quantity (EOQ) to carry out safety stock and reorder levels for manufacturing companies in Banda Aceh. EOQ is the best or most economic order quantity to be used according to the period cost.This study selected ten manufacturing MSME samples in Banda Aceh. It shows that the results of using the EOQ method to order cost information are different from the calculation of the strategy implemented by the company. The frequency of ordering raw materials used to be fixed at 12 times, but it has now been reduced to ensure ordering costs

NON-PERFORMING LOAN SETTLEMENT FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY DEVELOPERS AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

This research discusses the issue of Non-performing loan settlement for residential property developers amid the Covid-19 pandemic. The legal research used is a normative juridical method with a statutory approach. This research was conducted by making an inventory of primary and secondary materials to assess published legal issues. This research examines that the settlement of property developers' bad credit can be done by means of credit rescue and credit settlement. Credit rescue is carried out by providing easy conditions for debtors so that they are expected to complete their credit, which can be done by restructuring credit both inside and outside the court. Meanwhile, credit settlement is carried out by executing the collateral object made by the creditor, such as taking collateral, cessie, subrogation, execution of mortgage rights, lawsuit for default and bankruptcy. In the event of bad credit, creditors will generally choose the bankruptcy route to resolve bad credit by the developer. The bankruptcy of property developers will certainly be very detrimental to property consumers because the position of property consumers is only as concurrent creditors, which means that consumers will get the final payment after preferred creditors and separatists.

Life cycle inventory and carbon footprint assessment of wireless ICT networks for six demographic areas

The aim of this work is to quantify, assess, and identify hotspots in the environmental sustainability of newly constructed ICT networks designed to provide internet access (4 G LTE mobile technology) to regions still lacking this service. The analysis has been carried out on six demographic areas, from high-density urban and peri‑urban to remote rural, using ISO 14,040. A Dynamic Inventory Model (DIM) relating demographic/connectivity features with foreground material and energy inventories was validated using real data from Peru. The results showed carbon footprints between 81 and 103 kg CO2 eq./subscription/year, equivalent to 1.35 – 1.73 kg CO2 eq./Gb. Most of this (between 68 and 86%) correspond to end user devices, primarily in the form of embodied emissions. Operational emissions account for about one-third of the total and derive primarily from the electricity consumed by end user devices, and to a lower extent by access networks and data centers. Linear correlations were observed between operational - embodied carbon emissions and the number of subscribers. This trend was overturned in very small ICT networks designed to serve sparsely populated rural areas, due to higher energy consumption and carbon emissions per functional unit generated by access and IP network components. The robustness of these results was studied through sensitivity and uncertainty analyses.