Solar System Materials Research Articles

Abundant presolar grains and primordial organics preserved in carbon-rich exogenous clasts in asteroid Ryugu.

Preliminary analyses of asteroid Ryugu samples show kinship to aqueously altered CI (Ivuna-type) chondrites, suggesting similar origins. We report identification of C-rich, particularly primitive clasts in Ryugu samples that contain preserved presolar silicate grains and exceptional abundances of presolar SiC and isotopically anomalous organic matter. The high presolar silicate abundance (104 ppm) indicates that the clast escaped extensive alteration. The 5 to 10 times higher abundances of presolar SiC (~235 ppm), N-rich organic matter, organics with N isotopic anomalies (1.2%), and organics with C isotopic anomalies (0.2%) in the primitive clasts compared to bulk Ryugu suggest that the clasts formed in a unique part of the protoplanetary disk enriched in presolar materials. These clasts likely represent previously unsampled outer solar system material that accreted onto Ryugu after aqueous alteration ceased, consistent with Ryugu's rubble pile origin.

Science Learning in Solar System Material with Differentiated Learning Styles Using the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Model to Improve Cognitive Learning Outcomes

This study aims to describe the observation of improving cognitive learning outcomes with learning style differentiation learning with the use of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model. The study was carried out at a junior high school in Jombang district. The population based on the object of observation was carried out, namely class VII F and VII D students for the 2022/2023 school year, with a total population in this study of 62 people. Class VII D served as the control group for the study, and Class VII F served as the experimental group. The research sample was taken using the total sampling technique. Data was collected using tests with instruments like pretest and posttest question sheets. The average value of N-gain shows that the study's findings—namely, the improvement in learning outcomes of diversified learning styles utilizing the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model—have improved. The study's findings revealed that the average n-gain value in the experimental class was 0.74 in the high category and 0.69 in the medium category for the control class.These findings suggest that differentiated learning with the use of the PjBL model approach increases student learning outcomes more than conventional learning.

DEVELOPMENT OF QUARTET CARD LEARNING MEDIA ON SOLAR SYSTEM MATERIAL

This development research is conducted to help learners understand new terms in solar system materials. The characteristics of the material that give rise to many new terms require learners to remember these terms. For that, a fun way is needed to help students understand the material. The objectives of this study are: 1) describe the process of developing quartet card media as a class VII learning media. 2) describe the feasibility of quartet card teaching media on solar system material in junior high school grade VII based on validity, practicality and effectiveness The results of research on the development of science quartet card learning media on solar system materials showed that media validity received an average score of 3.66 for the very valid category and 3.75 for the "very valid" category. The implementation results show a 100% implementation percentage; an average score of 92.27 and an average completeness of 90.9% in the highly effective category; and the results of positive responses from 95.5% students with very practical categories.

EFEKTIFTAS MEDIA SOLAR SYSTEM SCOPE DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA TERHADAP MATERI TATA SURYA

Learning media is one of the ways or tools used in the learning process. This is done with the aim of facilitating learning activities, as well as in order to support the success of the teaching and learning process. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of knowing the effectiveness of using solar system scope media in increasing students' understanding of solar system material in one of the schools located in Satun-South Thailand. This research is a qualitative research, while the data collection uses observation, interview, and evaluation methods. In this study also used a questionnaire on students' understanding of the solar system material using the solar system scope application. Based on the research that has been done, the results show that by utilizing the solar system scope application, learning on solar system material can be said to be effective, and of course it can make it easier for students to understand existing solar system material.

Android-based Serli E-Module (Seroid E-Module) on Solar System Material for Sixth-Grade Elementary School Students

Learning solar system material for elementary school students is still carried out using printed textbooks. The lack of media use then impacts low motivation and student learning outcomes. This study aims to create electronic learning media in the form of an Android-based Serli module (E-Module Seroid) on solar system material. This research belongs to the type of development research which was developed using the ADDIE model. The subjects involved in this study consisted of 6 students in the small trial and 20 in the field trial. Data collection was carried out using the method of observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests, with research instruments in the form of observation sheets, questionnaire sheets, and multiple-choice tests. The research data were then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative data analysis was carried out with central tendency and data categorization—quantitative data analysis with the Wilcoxon test. The study results obtained a media validation value of 84 or very valid. Material validation is 87.5 or very valid. The practical result is 89.6, or very practical. The Wilcoxon test results obtained a significant value of 0.001. It means that the seroid module is effectively used in learning. The data analysis concluded that the android-based serli e-module (Seroid E-module) in the solar system material was valid, practical, and effective for sixth-grade elementary school students.

Pengembangan Media Interaktif Tata Surya Pada Pembelajaran Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Kelas VI SDN 1 Gunung Terang

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of developing interactive media on solar system material in improving student learning outcomes. The method used is the Research and Development method (research and development). The stages of development in this study began with analyzing needs, designing, making interactive media, then applying it in learning and then testing student learning outcomes. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive percentages and one sample test for student completeness. This can be seen from the validation results of material experts who stated "very feasible", while media experts for the media aspect were declared "very feasible", and for the language aspect it was declared "very feasible". Whereas for the student response questionnaire it was declared "very interesting" and for the educator's response questionnaire it was stated "very interesting". The developed media can also improve student learning outcomes by obtaining a percentage of 92.30% with very good qualifications.

Silicon isotope constraints on terrestrial planet accretion

Understanding the nature and origin of the precursor material to terrestrial planets is key to deciphering the mechanisms and timescales of planet formation1. Nucleosynthetic variability among rocky Solar System bodies can trace the composition of planetary building blocks2–5. Here we report the nucleosynthetic composition of silicon (μ30Si), the most abundant refractory planet-building element, in primitive and differentiated meteorites to identify terrestrial planet precursors. Inner Solar System differentiated bodies, including Mars, record μ30Si deficits of −11.0 ± 3.2 parts per million to −5.8 ± 3.0 parts per million whereas non-carbonaceous and carbonaceous chondrites show μ30Si excesses from 7.4 ± 4.3 parts per million to 32.8 ± 2.0 parts per million relative to Earth. This establishes that chondritic bodies are not planetary building blocks. Rather, material akin to early-formed differentiated asteroids must represent a major planetary constituent. The μ30Si values of asteroidal bodies correlate with their accretion ages, reflecting progressive admixing of a μ30Si-rich outer Solar System material to an initially μ30Si-poor inner disk. Mars’ formation before chondrite parent bodies is necessary to avoid incorporation of μ30Si-rich material. In contrast, Earth’s μ30Si composition necessitates admixing of 26 ± 9 per cent of μ30Si-rich outer Solar System material to its precursors. The μ30Si compositions of Mars and proto-Earth are consistent with their rapid formation by collisional growth and pebble accretion less than three million years after Solar System formation. Finally, Earth’s nucleosynthetic composition for s-process sensitive (molybdenum and zirconium) and siderophile (nickel) tracers are consistent with pebble accretion when volatility-driven processes during accretion and the Moon-forming impact are carefully evaluated.

Development of Science E-modules on Solar System Materials Based on Android for Junior High School Students

Solar System e-modules are electronic teaching materials that are packaged interactively to foster student motivation and enthusiasm for learning. This study aims to determine the validity and practicality of e-modules as science teaching materials for grade VII SMPN 1 Watang Pulu. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the 4D research model; Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. Data analysis in this study is quantitative data analysis in the form of questionnaires for material and media validators as well as questionnaires for teacher and student responses. The results showed that the use of the Solar System e-module was classified as very valid to use with an overall percentage of 89.1% and the acquisition in the field test showed that the e-module met the criteria of being very practical with a percentage value of 90.8%. This states that the Solar System e-module is declared valid and practical for use in learning.

The significance and related technologies of asteroid detection

Asteroid detection mission plays an important role in the field of deep space exploration, and it has multiple theoretical and practical guidance advantages for asteroid detection missions, and also promotes all critical technologies of deep space exploration. At present, many asteroid exploration missions have been carried out around the world, and China also plans to launch the "Tianwen-2" probe around 2025 to carry out an integrated exploration mission of fly-by, orbit detection, attachment control and sample-return mission for asteroid 2016HO3. In this paper, we discuss the significance of asteroid detection and several related critical technologies. The theoretical value of asteroid detection covers such as promoting theoretical research on the formation and evolution of the solar system, solar system material, geohazard early warning and early warning of spacecraft orbit. As for the key technologies involved in asteroid detection, this paper discusses the design of transfer trajectory and near-orbit operation, autonomous landing, optical navigation, laser communication and electric propulsion, and summarizes the research and application results of these technologies in the international deep space exploration field.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make a Match Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Sistem Tata Surya di Sekolah Dasar

This research was conducted to analyze the effect of the make a match cooperative learning model on students' learning motivation. Motivation to learn is important in the learning process because with motivation to learn, individuals can have goals and enthusiasm for learning. The make a match type cooperative learning model is a learning model that invites students to look for answers to a question or pair of a concept through a pair card game. The research method used is a one group pretest-posttest design. The experimental group will be given a treatment, namely the application of the make a match model to the material of the solar system. Whereas the control class was not given treatment, but it was given another method, namely the lecture and question and answer method. After that, a post test is given, using a questionnaire sheet at the final stage in order to find out how much influence the make a match learning model has on students' learning motivation in the solar system material. Based on the analysis carried out, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the make a match type cooperative learning model on student learning motivation. This can be seen from the increased learning motivation of students in the high N-Gain category after being given learning with this model.

Siderophile element and Hf-W isotope characteristics of the metal-rich chondrite NWA 12273 – Implication for its origin and chondrite metal formation

Metal phases in primitive chondrites contain important information for understanding early Solar System processes. Northwest Africa (NWA) 12273 is an ungrouped chondrite and, due to its preternatural high modal abundance of metal grains (>60%), provides a unique perspective on the formation and evolution of primitive planetesimals. To investigate the formation of metal phases in early solar system materials we report detailed petrography, siderophile geochemistry and Hf-W isotope geochronology for NWA 12273. The primitive textures and heterogeneous mineral chemistry of chondrules, as well as siderophile element compositions of Ni-rich metal, all indicate an affinity of NWA 12273 to unequilibrated (type 3.8) ordinary chondrites that experienced limited thermal metamorphism. Modeling shows that crucial inter-element fractionations among refractory siderophile elements for kamacite in NWA 12273, were most likely caused by solid metal-liquid metal partitioning, for example during partial melting of Fe-Ni metal containing ∼3.9 wt.% of S. Analysis of the metal fractions within NWA 12273 gives a Hf-W model age of ∼2.4 Ma after CAI formation (ε182W6/4=−3.29±0.11), older than metal formation in most of H chondrites and IIE irons. In comparison with published data for chondrites and ‘non-magmatic’ iron meteorites, siderophile element data suggest that the metal phases in NWA 12273 may have originated from similar precursor materials and/or accreted in adjacent nebular locations to IIE irons and H chondrites. These primary planetesimals experienced impact-related evaporation and mixing followed by rebuilding of the secondary body. This scenario is consistent with that proposed for IIE and other silicate-bearing iron meteorites, indicating that the building blocks of some chondrite parent bodies were not entirely primitive (undifferentiated) materials.

Innovation of Digital-Based Instructional Design and Virtual Reality on Geography Subject for 10th Grade High School

After the COVID-19 pandemic passed, the Indonesian government issued regulations encouraging the recovery of the education sector, such as guidelines for implementing the curriculum in the context of learning recovery. However, this is the problem, and teachers need help adjusting and developing learning plans due to the changes in the curriculum used. Based on these problems, this study aims to develop a digital-based learning design that simultaneously develops and utilizes virtual reality learning media on solar system material. This development research (R&D) type uses the ASSURE model involving media experts, material experts, and instructional design experts as research subjects. The data collection technique used was the provision of a closed questionnaire instrument. Data analysis technique using a percentage quantitative descriptive analysis approach. The results of the data analysis showed that three media experts gave an average score of 3.42, 3 material experts gave an average score of 3.61, and 3 instructional design experts gave a score of 3.31. It was concluded that the learning design and virtual reality media were declared valid and feasible. Learning designs and virtual reality media can be used for Class X SMA in Geography learning.

Animasi Motion Graphic Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Sistem Tata Surya Untuk Siswa Kelas 6 Sekolah Dasar

Along with the rapid development of information technology today, multimedia has an important role in the field of education. Studying the solar system is very important, especially for elementary school children because it is very closely related to other natural sciences. In learning activities, the delivery of solar system material in schools is only conventional and theoretical which is equipped with several static examples, so that most students have difficulty and do not even like the lesson. Therefore, it is necessary to have an application that explains the characteristics of the Solar System with animations and visualizations that can support elementary school students in understanding the solar system easily and not boringly. One alternative media that can attract children's attention is video motion graphics. The method in this study applies the 4D model which includes four stages: (1) define, (2) design, (3) develop and (4) disseminate. The evaluation used is alpha testing and usability questionnaires for 6th grade elementary school students. The results of this research are 2D animated videos about the solar system which are made according to the needs and help learning activities of the solar system.

PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA TENTANG SISTEM TATA SURYA MELALUI MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL DI SEKOLAH DASAR

Solar system material in the science learning process, some students have difficulty understanding the teaching material. So that their value is still below the KKM. For this reason, researchers conducted Classroom Action Research (CAR) using audio-visual media. The purpose of this study was to improve student learning outcomes by using audio-visual media. The object of this research is the sixth grade students of SDN 8 Suwawal, Jepara. Which has a total of 22 students consisting of 13 male students and 9 female students. This research was conducted in stages with 3 cycles. The results of this study an increase from each cycle, this can be seen from the average value of cycle 1 is 55.90 with a completeness rate of 31.8%. While the average value of 11 cycles is 70.9 with a completeness value of 59.10%. Then the average value of the cycle is 111.84.1 with a completeness value of 100%.

Analysis of the Needs for Moocs Assisted Digital Modules in Solar System Materials to Improve Learning Motivation in Class VII Students of SMPN 01 Bengkulu City

This study aims to determine students' needs for the development of MOOCs-assisted digital modules in class VII solar system material at SMPN 01 Bengkulu City. This research is motivated by the lack of motivation of students to learn in science lessons. This research method uses the RnD method using a type of quantitative approach with research data collection techniques using a questionnaire in the form of Google from which data analysis techniques can be accessed online which was carried out on January 23-24 2023. The results of the needs analysis that has been carried out, obtained 54, 2% of students who find it difficult to understand science lessons, 67.5% of students are interested in using web-based electronic media, the average percentage obtained is 75, 9% which means that digital modules are needed by students. The conclusion in this study is that the development of MOOCs-assisted digital modules is quite needed in its developers to support student learning.

Chondrule-like objects and Ca-Al-rich inclusions in Ryugu may potentially be the oldest Solar System materials

Chondrule-like objects and Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) are discovered in the retuned samples from asteroid Ryugu. Here we report results of oxygen isotope, mineralogical, and compositional analysis of the chondrule-like objects and CAIs. Three chondrule-like objects dominated by Mg-rich olivine are 16O-rich and -poor with Δ17O (=δ17O – 0.52 × δ18O) values of ~ –23‰ and ~ –3‰, resembling what has been proposed as early generations of chondrules. The 16O-rich objects are likely to be melted amoeboid olivine aggregates that escaped from incorporation into 16O-poor chondrule precursor dust. Two CAIs composed of refractory minerals are 16O-rich with Δ17O of ~ –23‰ and possibly as old as the oldest CAIs. The discovered objects (<30 µm) are as small as those from comets, suggesting radial transport favoring smaller objects from the inner solar nebula to the formation location of the Ryugu original parent body, which is farther from the Sun and scarce in chondrules. The transported objects may have been mostly destroyed during aqueous alteration in the Ryugu parent body.

Metode Pengembangan Perangkat Lunak MDLC Pada Rancang Bangun Media Pembelajaran Planet Berbasis Teknologi Augmented Reality

Along with the development of smartphones, Augmented Reality technology has begun to be used as a medium of interaction, although it has not been properly implemented and applied as a supporting medium. The use of still image objects in textbooks can make students tend to be more passive and less interactive because media images are unable to provide a reciprocal response. In science subjects, there is solar system material regarding planet recognition. Props are needed as learning media because the object of observation from the planet is too large. Several props are used as imitations of the planets, such as the use of drawing paper, audio, and video. The purpose of this research is to make a breakthrough in the use of Augmented Reality technology to support media for understanding planet recognition material by creating digital teaching aids that can be installed on smartphone devices. The MDLC method is an alternative method for developing multimedia applications that are easy to understand. The results of the test show that the application can function as expected, where each planetary marker that has been made can be recognized properly according to the intended planetary object.

Analysis methods to determine the bound-state beta-decay half-life of Thallium-205

Bound-state β−-decay is an exotic decay mode that produces temperature-dependent stability in nuclei. A striking example is 205Tl, in part because of its impact on the 205Pb/204Pb cosmochronometer—a short-lived ra-dionuclide clock that can provide unique constraints on s process material in the early solar system. The bound-state β−-decay of 205Tl was measured at GSI, where fully stripped 205Tl81+ ions were produced and stored in the Experimental Storage Ring. Decay occurred during storage producing increased 205Pb daughters with increased storage time. This contribution briefly outlines the experiment and describes analytical corrections required to extract the half-life.

Penerapan Media Pembelajaran Tiga Dimensi untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Peserta Didik pada Materi Sistem Tata Surya

This study aims to: 1) describe the application of three-dimensional learning media to students' cognitive learning outcomes; and 2) describing the increase in cognitive learning outcomes of Class VII students of SMP Negeri 4 Umbu Ratu Nggay, Pahomba Village, Umbu Ratu Nggay District, Central Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province after using three-dimensional learning media on solar system material. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR), which is conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, implementation, action, evaluation, and reflection stages. The subjects of this study were class VII students of SMP Negeri 4 Umbu Ratu Nggay for the 2021/2022 academic year, which consisted of 12 students. The data obtained in this study are in the form of students' cognitive learning outcomes taken from the application of the three-dimensional media learning method. The instruments used are interview sheets, tests, and documentation. The results of the research and data analysis in cycle I and cycle II revealed that there was an increase in the cognitive learning outcomes of class VII students of SMP Negeri 4 Umbu Ratu Nggay. This is indicated by an increase in the percentage of students' cognitive learning outcomes in science lessons on the solar system material. The percentage of the pre-test score in the first cycle category was 25% complete and 75% incomplete, and the post-test value in cycle I increased, namely the complete category was 41% and 59% incomplete. In cycle II there was an increase where the percentage of the pre-test score with the complete category was 66.6% and 33.4% incomplete, and the post-test value in the second cycle category was 91.3 complete and 8.3% incomplete.

Development of Science E-Modules for Middle Schools Integrated with Al-Qur’an Verses with Virtual Simulation of Solar System Material

This research was conducted to produce a science e-modules for middle schools integrated with the Al-Qur’an versed, assisted by virtual simulations on solar system material. These teaching materials were made to support students learning independently with engaging content in which they were equipped with virtual simulations. The author conducted the research using research and development methods by adapting Borg and Gall’s research design. The step in this research was limited by the fifth step, namely the main primary product revision. This was due to the authors’ conditions in the development process. The results of the validity of the science e-module product have been declared valid based on the results of validation by Al-Qur’an verses integration experts, learning materials experts, and teaching materials experts, with the category of all assessments being very good or feasible to use. In addition, the science e-module for middle school integrated verses of the Al-Qur’an assisted virtual simulation on the stated practical to use for students in learning. The student responses related to the science e-module product for middle school integrated verses Al-Qur’an assisted virtual simulation on very positive.