With the development of economy and urbanization, the natural gravels and sands for new road construction materials encountered severe shortage issues in recent decades. In the meantime, the municipal Solid Waste Incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA) is regarded as a feasible alternative of mined nature aggregates due to its similar mineralogical, physical and chemical characteristics. However, the uncertainties of long-term service performance and potential environmental pollution risk of MSWIBA prevent its widespread applications in road constructions. For these reasons, this paper investigates the resilient modulus and permanent deformation properties by the repeated load triaxial test at different moisture contents, and examines the long-term environment influence using leaching tests on the samples after subjecting to 5 freeze-thaw cycles and samples after one year weathering. Besides, the existing resilient modulus and permanent deformation prediction models of unbounded granular materials are evaluated for their applicability on MSWIBA. The test results indicate that the MSWIBA shows obvious stress-dependence and moisture-dependence in resilient modulus and permanent deformation behaviors. Moreover, the existing resilient modulus and permanent deformation prediction models with stress and moisture dependence are feasible for MSWIBA as well. Additionally, heavy metal leaching concentrations obtained from column test can meet the standard of surface water quality class V in China. This work is expected to benefit the design work and provide the insight of performance of MSWIBA as road embankment material, and promote its further widespread application in road construction.