Material Consumption Research Articles

A Novel Plasma-Enhanced Solvolysis as Alternative for Recycling Composites

In this work, a plasma-assisted solvolysis method is proposed as an alternative method for the oxidative degradation of carbon fiber-reinforced composites (CFRCs). Nitrogen plasma ignition within bubbles in a concentrated nitric acid solution is employed, combining the synergistic effects of traditional nitric acid solvolysis and plasma chemistry. A comprehensive process flowchart, including steps such as composite pretreatment, matrix dissolution, fiber recovery and cleaning, solvent regeneration and reuse, and waste treatment, is also discussed, highlighting their importance in process effectiveness. Moreover, a study on the effect of the composite’s mass on the plasma-enhanced solvolysis process is conducted, and the results are exploited for the calculation of critical parameters such as efficiency, recovery rates, capacity, fibers quality, energy consumption, consumption of raw materials, operational and installation costs, and environmental impact. A preliminary comparison to other recycling methods based on the literature findings is also attempted, and preliminary metrics to assess the sustainability of the recycling process are proposed.

Inventory Management Practices and Their Impact on Operational Efficiency: A Case Study of MGSSK Sugars Ltd.

In today’s highly competitive business environment, effective inventory management is vital for maintaining operational efficiency and ensuring long-term sustainability. Proper inventory control reduces excess stock and prevents stock outs, leading to cost reduction and improved cash flow. By utilizing precise forecasting and strategic replenishment methods, companies can enhance their adaptability to market changes and sustain a competitive advantage. This research provides a thorough examination of inventory management metrics spanning five years. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of inventory management. The data was primarily collected from secondary sources, including five years of company inventory records. To analyze the data, the ratio analysis method was applied. The results demonstrate notable improvements in the company’s operational efficiency. Key performance indicators include a steady rise in the inventory turnover ratio and a reduction in average stock levels, showcasing effective inventory control aligned with increasing demand and minimizing surplus stock. Moreover, the study reveals a decreasing trend in inventory as a proportion of current assets, indicating a strategic shift away from relying on inventory for revenue generation. Additionally, variations in raw material values, coupled with consistent material consumption, suggest fluctuations in raw material usage efficiency. Furthermore, the relationship between the raw material turnover ratio and inventory holding period highlights the company’s proficiency in optimizing inventory management. The declining inventory conversion period indicates successful transformation of inventory into sales, boosting cash flow and operational efficiency. This improvement is attributed to advanced forecasting and stock replenishment strategies.

Manipulating localized geometric characteristics in multistable energy-absorbing architected materials

Optimizing global geometric features of unit cells and their spatial arrangements have been well studied in multistable energy-absorbing architected materials (MEAMs), yet their optimized geometries could lead to highly complex features that require expensive additive manufacturing techniques. In this study, we introduce a generalized design strategy to adjust localized thickness variation of thin curved beams in MEAMs. We numerically identify the optimal non-uniform modulation parameter for maximizing energy trapping capacity across MEAM cells, arrays, and cylinders. Then, quasi-static compression and drop impact tests on MEAM cylinders with non-uniform designs are conducted to prove the proposed method's effectiveness in achieving equivalent energy-absorbing abilities with the same material consumption. Overall, we believe that our easy-to-implement strategy can be applied to any type of MEAM with slender beam elements and embedded into energy-absorbing devices and structures.

Time for memorable consumption

A consumption event is memorable if the memory of the event affects well-being at times after the material consumption, as originally introduced by Gilboa et al. (2016). Our main contribution is to develop an axiomatic foundation of memorable consumption in a dynamic setting. Preferences are represented by the present value of the sum of utilities derived at each date from the current consumption and from recollecting the past. Our model accommodates well-known phenomena in psychology, such as the peak-end rule, duration neglect, and adaptation trends. We also provide foundations for a prominent special case of the representation with the Markovian property. The model is illustrated with applications in two different contexts: risk-taking behavior in a principal-agent problem and life-cycle consumption-savings decisions.

Static and stability analyses of multi-strut type aluminium alloy suspen-dome structure with large opening

By combining the advantages of the multi-strut concept in cable dome structures with aluminum alloy material, a new type of prestressed spatial structure—the multi-strut aluminum alloy suspen-dome with a large opening—has been developed by integrating a lower prestressed support system into an aluminum alloy reticulated shell. The optimal structural configuration was determined by comparing the static, stability, and economic performance of three types of upper chord mesh topologies for this structure. Subsequently, an analysis of the static performance and large-scale parameters affecting the structural stability of the optimal grid topology was conducted. The study explored the influence of structural prestressing, overall shape, and support stiffness—encompassing three categories and seven parameters—on structural stability and material consumption. Additionally, the effects of initial imperfections and load distribution forms on structural stiffness and stability were further examined. Finally, the static properties, stability, and economic indicators of the structure were compared with two other structural systems: the steel suspen-dome and the cable dome. The results indicate that the pentagonal grid topology provides the best structural performance and that the structure is sensitive to cooling effects. Optimal values for key design parameters, such as the rise-span ratio and thickness-span ratio, were identified. Moreover, the economic advantages of the aluminum alloy suspen-dome compensate for its mechanical performance shortcomings compared to the steel suspen-dome. These findings offer innovative solutions and a scientific basis for the selection and stability design of aluminum alloy suspen-dome structures.

Design and Optimization of LPG Safety Cap using Finite Element Method

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the design and optimization of LPG safety caps, aimed at enhancing safety, reducing material consumption, and optimizing performance. The project employs SolidWorks simulation tools to conduct research and concept design phases. The primary objective is to ensure product safety while minimizing costs through Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The final product undergoes rigorous evaluation for performance and consumer safety. Three main goals guide this investigation: to scrutinize existing LPG safety cap designs, minimize material usage, and simulate the optimal design for enhanced safety. Analysis of the current design reveals vulnerabilities, including theft of LPG gas from sealed cylinders and escalating HDPE prices. Proposed designs simplify the current model and economize material consumption, successfully addressing the second objective. Through simulation, an optimal design (Design 8) emerges with superior characteristics compared to the existing model. Design 8 demonstrates a reduced total weight, higher safety factor, and lower maximum von Mises stress value. Notably, it exhibits enhanced safety and resilience, mitigating failure risks under stress conditions. The findings highlight the potential for creating stronger and safer designs while minimizing material requirements. In conclusion, Design 8 emerges as a superior alternative to the current design, boasting advantages in weight reduction, stress tolerance, safety factor, and optimization potential. This study underscores the significance of utilizing advanced computational methods to refine engineering designs for improved safety and efficiency in LPG safety caps.

Development of a flow diagram for the production of asphalt concrete mixture using polyethylene waste, contaminated with oil products

Large quantities of low-pressure polyethylene containers used for transportation and storage of oil products (motor oils) entail higher environmental risks produced by their utilization or disposal. An urgent scientific task is to search for new ways for utilization of such containers, to involve them in production of new target products without thorough cleaning of waste from contaminants and residues of motor oils. The present study involved crushed containers used for storage and transportation of motor oil in order to explore the possibility of including polyethylene in the production of asphalt concrete mixture. A sample, containing 17.5% of low-pressure polyethylene (contaminated with motor oil by 8% of asphalt mass), and a control sample of asphalt concrete mixture free of polyethylene, were made in order to investigate the change of properties, occurring in the low-pressure polyethylene asphalt concrete. Results. The study assessed main physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete samples containing low-pressure polyethylene and motor oil. According to the assessment, a number of properties exceed the values stated in GOST 9128-2013. In addition, the study results included development of technological regulations for producing asphalt concrete mixture with polyethylene as well as the flow diagram for obtaining asphalt concrete mixture. Using polyethylene waste contaminated with motor oil in the production cycle of asphalt concrete mixtures will reduce the consumption of raw materials for asphalt concrete production and the negative impact on the environment.

Axial compression stress-strain relationship of lithium slag rubber concrete

Replacing cement with lithium slag and fine aggregate with rubber in concrete solves waste disposal, reduces material consumption, boosts sustainability, and enhances concrete performance. A set of prismatic concrete specimens with varying proportions were designed and experimentally tested in order to study the compressive stress-strain behavior of lithium slag rubber concrete (LSRC). The main factors affecting the specimens were lithium slag substitution ratio (SL=0%, 10%, 20%, 30%) and rubber substitution ratio (SR=0%, 5%, 10%, 15%). The results demonstrated that the LSRC exhibited good integrity during the damage. Furthermore, the incorporation of lithium slag (LS) was found to effectively compensate for the reduction in compressive strength due to the incorporation of rubber. When 10% of the fine aggregate was replaced with rubber and 20% of the cement was substituted with lithium slag, the axial compressive strength, elastic modulus, and peak strain of the tested specimens increased by 21.57%, 6.92%, and 17.26%, respectively. Compared with ordinary concrete, LSRC has good toughness, impact resistance and durability with minimal loss of strength, and has broad application prospects in engineering fields (such as airports, highways, housing expansion joints, concrete floors and railway concrete sleepers, etc.). Based on the experimental data, simplified modified equations to predict the compressive strength, elastic modulus, peak strain and axial stress-strain constitutive model of LSRC were proposed, so as to promote the development of LSRC.

Hybrid multi-stage steel footprinting unveils a more interdependent material foundation of the global economy

Steel is foundational to modern society, yet tracking its socio-economic metabolism is challenging due to the complex global trade networks. Traditional indicators, such as domestic material consumption (DMC) and consumption-based material footprints (MF), typically focus on metal ore extraction, overlooking the multiple stages of steel production and consumption. To address this, we integrate multi-national anthropogenic steel cycles and international trade networks of steel-containing products into a global monetary multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model. We construct material efficiency indicators based on footprints of iron ores, crude steel, castings, finished steel, and fabricated steel products, comparing them with conventional economy-wide material flow indicators like domestic material production (DMP) and DMC. Our findings reveal that per capita multi-stage MF indicators exhibit more robust log-linear relationships with per capita GDP with an average R2 value of 0.72 compared to 0.10 and 0.18 for DMP and DMC. Shares of Embodied trade in total global production exceed direct trade by 24 percentage points on average, emphasizing the significance of international embodied metal transfers. Using multi-stage MF indicators also reduces disparities in material efficiency between developed and developing countries. This study unravels the intricacies of global steel supply chains and the true interdependencies of steel-containing products among countries.

Important Practical Conditions for Getting the High-Quality Foam Concretes

Introduction. The most important reasons justifying the relevance of the research on the practical methods of reducing the consumption of materials in construction industry have been distinguished. The priorities of the Russian Federation referring to the foam concrete technology have been outlined. The level of reliability of the Internet resources describing properties of the dispersedly reinforced foam concretes has been briefly evaluated. The aim of the study is to establish the relationships between the individual properties of fiber, its quantity to the mass of cement ratio, and the most important operational properties of foam concrete manufactured using a single-stage technology.Materials and methods. The types and properties of raw materials used in the experimental research, the methods for controlling the properties of mixes and hardened foam concretes have been defined.Results. The relationship between the speed of phase transition of the viscoplastic properties of the foam concrete mixes into the elastic ones and the possibility of getting a high-quality structure of the hardened foam concrete have been briefly theoretically justified. The physical reasons influencing the direction and speed of forming the raw material dispersed particle clusters in the structure of the interpore partitions of foam concrete mixes have been revealed, which are the important factors to be considered in practice to get the high-strength foam concretes. Depending on the fiber concentration in the concrete mixture composition, the specifics of the fiber physical nature influence on the speed of phase transition from viscoplastic to elastic state have been established. It has been proved that the synergetic effect of dispersed reinforcement is achieved when fiber concentration is enough to provide the significant acceleration of the phase transition. New experimental data on the influence of the individual properties of fiber on the rheological and physico-mechanical properties of D500 foam concrete has been obtained.Discussion and Conclusion. The scientific explanation of the reasons for emergence of the electret effect on the surface of synthetic fiber has been given. It has been revealed that the discovered effect is induced by the specifics of the foam concrete mixture preparation using a single-stage technology. The most important practical conditions due to be met to get the high-strength foam concrete have been determined.

Preface: 13th Ranshofener Leichtmetalltage

Abstract What strategies are available to minimize resource consumption in the light metal industry through recycling and energy efficiency? How can lightweight design make mobility more sustainable? And what role will artificial intelligence play in future processes in the metal processing industry? These and other questions are addressed at the 13th Ranshofener Leichtmetalltage 2024, which take place on the 26th–27th of September 2024 at the Hotel Gut Brandlhof in Saalfelden, Austria, and are organized in accordance with the criteria of the Austrian Ecolabel for Green Events. Under the guiding theme of “Light Metals Innovations for Environmental and Economic Sustainability”, this year’s conference offers an exciting program in three sessions “Digitalization in the Context of Circularity”, “Sustainable Process Development” and “Innovative Light Metals and their Characterization”. The focus is on decarbonization and digitalization in process and material development as well as the material characterization of light metals. A balanced spectrum of international presentations from universities, RTOs and industry provides participants with an up-to-date overview of the latest scientific findings and successful light metal applications. The 13th Ranshofener Leichtmetalltage 2024 are thus clearly focused on decarbonization and digitalization – even in times of diverse challenges. The first session, “Digitalization in the Context of Circularity”, highlights best-practice examples from the aluminium industry, the balance between sustainability and performance in metal processing and the implementation of complex geometries using wire-based additive manufacturing. The second session, “Sustainable Process Development”, is dedicated to the decarbonization and reduced material consumption of industrial processes, for example through GigaCasting, or the use of innovative recycling technologies. The third session, “Innovative Light Metals and their Characterization”, addresses forward-looking topics such as the development of special aluminium alloys for additive manufacturing, the use of old car scrap for innovative alloys and the decarbonization of the magnesium industry. The conference proceedings contain scientific contributions to the conference. We would like to thank all the authors for their high-quality work and the participants of the 13th Ranshofener Leichtmetalltage 2024 for their interest. We wish you stimulating reading and creative impulses! List of Scientific committee, Organizing committee are available in this Pdf.

The interactive effect of products and consumption frequency on happiness in China

PurposeA substantial portion of existing literature on comparing experiential and material purchases on happiness indicates an experiential advantage. However, this advantage is presumed to occur in developed countries, with developing countries being overlooked. To address this gap in the literature, this paper examines the effect of consumption in China. It introduces a new perspective, consumption frequency (ordinary vs extraordinary), to investigate the interactive effect of consumption frequency (ordinary vs extraordinary) and product type (material vs experiential) on happiness and to explore the underlying mechanisms in China.Design/methodology/approachThe study constructs a model about the interactive effect of consumption frequency (ordinary vs extraordinary) and product type (material vs experiential) on happiness and takes self-expansion as the underlying mechanism. The authors employ two experiments and a nationwide secondary survey dataset to test the model.Findings(1) consumption frequency and product type can interactively improve happiness significantly in China; (2) extraordinary material consumption induces a higher level of happiness than extraordinary experiential consumption and (3) these effects are driven by self-expansion, which is an important character for people in developing countries.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is incomplete in its lack of investigation into the boundary conditions, such as materialism in the model.Originality/valueThis paper introduces a novel perspective, consumption frequency and integrates it with existing research variables (material vs experiential) to propose the interactive effect and the underlying mechanism, self-expansion. This paper contributes to the theory of consumption happiness by introducing the concept of consumption frequency in the comparison of material versus experiential products on happiness. Conversely, our findings contribute to the understanding of happiness in China.

A multi-scale method for the study of deep drying of ethylene with 3A zeolite

Coal-based ethanol to ethylene (ETE) is an emerging production pathway with the advantages of a short construction period, high product purity, and few by-products. N2 is commonly used in industry to regenerate zeolites during the ETE process, with the problems of excessive material consumption, energy consumption and environmental pollution. To solve this problem, this paper proposed a method of using the ethylene product as regeneration gas to regenerate the zeolite and recover the desorbed gas. In this work, we adopted a multi-scale simulation method combining microscale apparent diffusivity and macroscale mass transfer models. Reactive force field and molecular dynamics (ReaxFF-MD) were used to obtain an equation for the diffusion coefficient versus temperature. The start-up of the twin-tower temperature and pressure swing adsorption (TPSA) process was simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The TPSA process achieved an outlet water content below 5 ppm, fulfilling the process specifications.

Circular Economy in Action: Examining the Decoupling of Economic Growth and Material Use across EU Countries

The circular economy (CE) is a transformative approach that not only preserves and reuses resources but also redefines how economic growth can be achieved in a more sustainable manner. The aim of the paper is to assess whether economic growth in EU countries can be decoupled from resource use through CE practices. Using data from Eurostat spanning 2010-2022, we analyze key indicators such as Raw material consumption (RMC), Gross domestic product (GDP) and Circular material use rate (MUR). We apply correlation analysis and decoupling analysis to assess the efficacy of CE practices in achieving sustainable economic growth. The results indicate significant variability among EU countries in their ability to decouple economic growth from resource consumption. Some countries demonstrated strong absolute decoupling, indicating successful CE integration, while others faced challenges with expansive negative decoupling. The study underscores the necessity for tailored strategies to enhance CE implementation across diverse economic contexts within the EU. Keywords: decoupling, circular economy, raw material, circular material, GDP, EU countries

Impact of Self-Assembled Monolayer Structural Design on Perovskite Phase Regulation, Hole-Selective Contact, and Energy Loss in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Recent studies have shown that self-assembled molecule (SAM)-based hole-selective contacts (HSCs) offer a promising solution to the challenges faced by perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), including minimal material consumption, scalable production, high interface stability, and the use of environmentally friendly solvents. In this study, the efficacy of two designs of SAMs (Cz and PA) as HSCs in inverted PVSCs was investigated by comparing them with the conventional MeO-2PACz (MeO) SAM. Surface analyses showed that the surface of PA is smoother than that of Cz, which helps to reduce interfacial defects. Subsequent perovskite deposition exhibited a reduced formation of the PbI2 phase, incidiating that its phase modulation ability is superior to that of MeO. Further analyses demonstrate the superior charge extraction ability of PA as a result of reduced interfacial defects and non-radiative recombination at the HSC/perovskite interface. By further coupling with phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) surface passivation, both interfaces of the perovskite film were optimized and the inverted ((FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15)0.95(CsPbI3)0.05 (bandgap = 1.62eV) PVSC achieves a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.3% and a very high open-circuit voltage of 1.227V due to the largely reduced energy loss. In addition, the PA PVSC exhibits enhanced long-term thermal stability at 85°C in a nitrogen atmosphere.

CO-PROCESSING OF COTTON SOAPSTOCK, COAL DUST AND POLYMER WASTE BY PYROLYSIS METHOD

The work is aimed at solving the problems of rational consumption of secondary raw materials on the basis of carbon-containing waste of industries, saturation of the market with additional products and protection of the environment from the toxic effects of waste. Aim of work: the study of the co-pyrolysis process of gossypol resin (GR) from cotton soapstock of "Shymkentmay" JSC, coal dust (CD) of Kulan deposit and plastics waste (PW) in N2 medium. The methodology of work included the establishment of optimal modes of the process, determination of yield, composition and properties of pyrolysis products. Analysis of pyrolysis products by IR spectroscopy, XRD, chromatomass spectrometry. Study of the component composition of liquid pyrolysis products by the method of extraction separation in Soxhlet apparatus into oils, asphaltenes and resins. Assessment of perspectivity of co- pyrolytic processing of carbon-containing wastes from different industries for industrial development. Results and discussion. The optimum temperature of GR pyrolysis (T=450 ⁰С) was established, at which the yield of liquid product was on average 33.01 wt.%, gas yield – 60.33 wt.%, yield of solid residue – 6.65 wt.%. The co-pyrolysis of GR and CD at 1:1 ratio and T=500 ⁰C in N2 atmosphere was investigated for the first time. A high yield of liquid product – 47.34 wt.%, low gas formation – 2.31 wt.% and a large amount of solid residue – 50.34 wt.% were observed, which is apparently due to the formation of coal semicoke and coke. The process of co- pyrolysis of GR, CD with D=90 μm and PW (PE:HPPP – 1:1) at the ratio of 1:1:1 and temperatures of 500 ⁰С-700 ⁰С in N2 atmosphere was investigated for the first time. It is shown that the main contribution to the formation of liquid products in the given temperature regimes is made by GR and PW. Conclusion. Co-processing of carbon-containing wastes was found to be of interest and practical importance, both in terms of obtaining marketable products and maintaining a safe ecology.

Exploring the Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Sexually Explicit Internet Material (SEIM) Consumption among Adolescents and Young Adults in Cambodia

Purpose: This study investigates the prevalence and factors associated with the consumption of sexually explicit Internet material (SEIM) among adolescents and young adults in Cambodia. Methods: Utilizing a cross-sectional study design, data were collected through a survey administered to 1,271 participants. The survey focused on measuring SEIM consumption, sexual sensation seeking, perceived reality of SEIM, and sexual attitudes. Findings: The study revealed a SEIM prevalence of 27.2%, with notably higher rates among males (35.5%) than females (18.6%). Significant predictors of SEIM consumption included being male, having a father with a middle-level education, engaging in alcohol or substance consumption, spending more than five hours daily on electronic devices, having friends with sexual experience, frequent thoughts about sex, a heightened interest in sex compared to peers, perceiving SEIM as realistic, and maintaining a permissive attitude towards sex. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of implementing education programs to address SEIM consumption and its potential risk factors. Such initiatives are crucial for preventing the use of SEIM among Cambodian youth, promoting a healthier understanding of sexuality, and fostering responsible online behavior.

Exploring the Potential Synergies between Industry 5.0 and Green Lean Six Sigma for Sustainable Performance: A New Dimension of Operational Excellence

Today's companies are adopting a sustainable strategy, often in a reactive manner, to respond to customer demands, stakeholder concerns, and compliance with regulatory requirements, while seeking to proactively maintain a strong standing in the future market. This article explores the synergies between Industry 5.0 technologies and Green Lean Six Sigma (GLSS), highlighting how their integration can catalyse sustainable transformations in manufacturing. The study combines a literature review with empirical survey conducted across companies in various industrial sectors. The objective is to identify and examine potential synergies between Industry 5.0 technologies and Green Lean Six Sigma tools to improve the environmental impact of manufacturing companies. The results highlight the importance of Industry 5.0 technologies in boosting the efficiency of GLSS, thereby promoting more sustainable manufacturing practices. Key areas of synergy include sustainable process optimization, energy efficiency, sustainable personalization, data analytics for sustainability, and sustainable innovation. This article emphasizes the mutual benefits of integrating Industry 5.0 technologies with the Green Lean Six Sigma methodological framework. This combination reduces the consumption of materials and resources, improves energy efficiency, and stimulates innovation in favor of eco-responsible production. It calls for an integrated approach, considering technology, human resources, and processes, to enable manufacturing companies to achieve optimized operational performance while contributing to environmental sustainability.

Radiation shielding and spectroscopic features of replacement materials: Reusing of agricultural and industrial wastes

Environmental pollution increases due to the large amounts of waste production and raw material consumption depending on the increasing population. Agricultural and industrial wastes which are some of the sources of the pollution need to be reuse to reduce the negative impact on the environment and also contribute positive effect to the economy. In this context, industrial wastes such as clay types (red and green) and agricultural wastes such as egg shell, walnut shell and banana shell were used to prepare materials which can be used as replacement materials for construction industry. Radiation attenuation parameters (mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic number, linear attenuation coefficients, mean free path, half-value layer, exposure and energy absorption build up factors, fast neutron removal cross-section) were acquired by Phy-X/PSD code. Spectroscopic techniques (XRD, EPR, SEM-EDS) were performed for the structural analysis. The existence of calcite main phase peaks (≈29.7) as well as SiO2 (≈20° and 26°) and cellulose phases (≈16° and 34.7°) were observed by XRD. Mn+2 sextet lines with five weak doublets attributed to the forbidden transition lines of Mn+2 and a singlet with a g value of ≈2.00 and linewidth of ≈10 G were recorded by EPR. Among the samples, it was found that K1 (Red clay (20%)-eggshell waste (60%)-Bayburt stone waste (20%)), K3 (Red clay (60%)-eggshell waste (20%)-Bayburt stone waste (20%)), C3 (Red clay (60%)-eggshell waste (20%)-walnut shell waste (20%)) and Z3 (Green clay (60%)-egg shell waste (20%)-Bayburt stone waste (20%)) have the highest shielding potentials. All samples examined with good protection performances can be used as substitute materials instead of cement or aggregate for the aim of reusing the wastes and supporting the environmental and economic benefits.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОЇ ПОШКОДЖЕНОСТІ БЕТОНУ

The article deals with the issue of obtaining building materials and equipment with specified quality parameters with reduced material consumption. It is shown that one of the possible ways to reduce the material density of structural building materials is the use of fillers. In this article, considering concrete as a structural material, it is stated that it is the formation of the structure or product that is difficult to control its quantitative and qualitative parameters, but it is practically possible only after receiving the finished product or structure. Properties of the structure are determined as individual properties of all subsystems (concrete, reinforcement), and changes in these properties during structural interactions. In turn, the construction material (concrete) is a subsystem that consists of characteristic structural inhomogeneities. Since the composition of concrete affects the structure, strength characteristics and deformable properties of reinforced concrete structures operating under the influence of external influences, there is a need for a more thorough study of it and the determination of optimal components in order to ensure the operational reliability of structures. During the technological processing of concrete into products, at all levels of structural in homogeneities in the material, technological cracks appear, which, being the structural parameters of concrete, determine the damage of structures, and thus their operational reliability. Research has established that technological damage significantly affects the strength and deformation properties of concrete.