Mate Selection Criteria Research Articles

Decoding love signs: The role of perceived relational red flags in mate selection criteria among Filipino young adults

Abuse and infidelity are common relational conflicts in the Philippines. The prevalence of this growing social problem among Filipinos has also been observed in their calls regarding these warning signs in a romantic partner. Hence, this study explores how these issues influence young adults’ mate preferences by examining their lived romantic experiences. Utilizing criterion purposive sampling, ten diverse stories of heterosexuals were evaluated through semi-structured in-depth interviews and interpretative phenomenological analysis to understand the complexity of experiential meanings of participants who have had long-term relationships with their previous ex-lovers and are currently engaged in committed relationships. Participants denoted relational red flags encompassing emotional distance, deception, emotional labor, destruction, and emotional manipulation. These turbulent behavioral patterns deliberately cause the deterioration of their previous relationship while they consider the dimensions of warmth, competence, and attractiveness when choosing an ideal mate. These preferences mentioned are similar to the desirable qualities of their current partners. Findings also assert that relational red flags were perceived as the diametric bases for mate selection, non-negotiable deal breakers, and a lesson to captivate dealmakers. Considering the rising numbers of reported domestic violence victims, including psychological abuse in relationships, this research has compelling implications for Gender and Development and Anti-Violence Against Women. Further, it is also pertinent to counseling psychology practices, especially in the current status and emerging development of Couples Therapy, which primarily handles relationship issues during the pre-marital stage.

The Impact of K-POP and Hip-Hop Culture on the Mate Selection Criteria and Ideal Marriage Age of Chinese Women

This study evaluates the influence of K-POP and hip-hop culture on the ideal marriage age and mate selection criteria of Chinese female fans by collecting and analyzing data from 29 Chinese women who are fans of these cultures. Utilizing the perspectives of cultural capital theory and cultural globalization, it was found that the globalization of K-POP culture may symbolize high cultural capital, thus affecting womens decisions regarding marriage and mate selection. Hip-hop culture, which emphasizes individuality and freedom, has a limited impact on mate selection criteria. However, this study relies on self-reported data and lacks a sufficient sample size. Future research should expand the sample size and employ various data collection methods to further explore the complex effects of K-POP and hip-hop culture on mate selection criteria and ideal marriage age.

Marital Satisfaction in Newly Married Women: A Two-Year Prospective Cohort Study from Iran

Background: The transcendental society is characterized by cohesive, purpose-driven, and flourishing families. To achieve this, marital satisfaction (MS) plays a crucial role in the lives of married couples. Objectives: This study aimed to determine MS and its influencing factors among newly married women. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in Shiraz, Iran, involving 495 young first-married women within the first 2 years of their marriage. The participants completed a valid questionnaire encompassing demographic information, socioeconomic characteristics, and mate-selection criteria at the onset and after 2 years of marriage. The questionnaire in the second stage consisted of updated demographic and socioeconomic data and assessments of MS. These questionnaires demonstrated reliability rates of 70.6% and 88.6% in the first and second stages, respectively. Marital satisfaction was measured on a scale of 1 to 10, with scores ≤ 5 and > 5 indicating low and high satisfaction levels, respectively. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Results: The mean age of the participants was 28.2 ± 5.3 years. Most women (70.7%) had an age difference of 1 - 7 years with their husbands; however, 78.4% had an academic education. Additionally, 73.5% reported no blood relation with their spouses, 74.5% did not have children, 62.8% were employed, and 87.3% did not live with their parents after marriage. The average follow-up period was 23.8 ± 8.3 months. Marital satisfaction was reported as high in 442 (89.3%) participants and low in 53 (10.7%). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the following factors significantly influenced MS among young married women: belief in the correctness of mate-selection criteria (OR = 21.4, P < 0.001), meeting husband's expectations (OR = 13.1, P < 0.001), sexual satisfaction within the marriage (OR = 11.5, P < 0.001), pre-existing acquaintance with the husband (OR = 9.4, P < 0.001), and abstaining from cigarette, alcohol, substances, or psychological drugs after marriage (OR = 8.5, P = 0.001). Furthermore, not living with the husband's family (OR = 6.4, P = 0.002), having a healthy husband (OR = 5.9, P = 0.002), receiving support from the husband's family (OR = 5.9, P = 0.001), husband's abstinence from cigarette, alcohol, substances, or psychological drugs after marriage (OR = 3.6, P = 0.04), engaging in regular communication with the husband regarding mutual expectations (OR = 3.5, P = 0.03), and higher age of the husband (OR = 1.1, P = 0.03) were also correlated with MS. Conclusions: This study highlights the significance of various pre-marriage and post-marriage personal and familial factors in determining MS among young married women. These findings underscore the importance of providing guidance, education, and support to couples and their parents regarding these influential factors before and after marriage.

Intersexual and Intrasexual Differences in Mate Selection Preferences Among Lesbian Women, Gay Men, and Bisexual Women and Men

Sex differences in mating strategies and partner preferences are well established. However, most research solely focused on heterosexual women and men. We examined the mate selection, marriage, and age preferences of a sample of lesbian women, gay men, and bisexual women and men (LGB) who took part in an online dating survey. Additionally, we analyzed inter- and intrasexual differences in these preferences. A total of 710 participants rated the importance of 82 mate selection criteria and 10 marriage criteria, and they also indicated their age preferences and short-term and long-term relationship orientation. An exploratory factor analysis suggested 11 relevant domains of mate selection in the LGB sample, with sex, age, and long-term relationship orientation being relevant predictors of differences in these domains. We compared the LGB data with data collected from 21,245 heterosexual women and men on the same mate selection criteria. Results showed that the participants’ sex was the most important predictor of differences in mate selection and marriage preferences, while intrasexual variables (sexual orientation and relationship orientation) explained only a small part of the variance. We incorporated the results into the current discussion about partner preferences and sexual orientation.

Love and Mate Selection Criteria in Blind Female Students: A Qualitative Study

Aim: Blindness can drastically change the life of the person, and can create some problems in psychological and social adaptation. The purpose of the present study was to examine the love experience and the criteria for choosing a spouse among blind female students. The method used in this study was interpretative phenomenological analysis.
 Methods: This research uses deep, exhaustive, and semi-structured interviews to assess 18 students. All interviews were recorded digitally, and were transcribed. The data were analyzed using van Manen’s‌ method.
 Findings: Six primary themes were emerged from the nature of participants’ lived experience, including ‘romantic assumptions and believes’, ‘romantic behaviors’, ‘the impact of love-making on life’, ‘attractive factor’ in the perception of love, and ‘intrapersonal criteria’, ‘interpersonal criteria’ in spouse selection.
 Conclusion: Sign and body language’ factor was among the most important communicative ways through which a blind girl makes a romantic relationship. ‘Commitment and fidelity’ were the most important criteria for spouse selection, and ‘health and beauty’ were the most important intrapersonal criteria.

Predicting Marital Burnout Based on the Severity of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Criteria for Mate Selection in Female Teachers

Objective: The study aims to investigate the relationship between caregiving burden, social support, and psychological distress among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It specifically examines the mediating role of social support in the linkage between caregiving burden and psychological distress. Methods and Materials: The study employed a descriptive correlational method. The target population comprised all female teachers in Shiraz city in 2021. A purposive sample of 200 teachers was selected. Data were collected using the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ), Rafahi and colleagues’ Mate Selection Criteria Questionnaire (2008), and the Pines Marital Burnout Scale (1996). The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and multivariate regression in SPSS-24 software. Findings: The results indicated that mate selection criteria with a beta coefficient of -0.13, positive perfectionism with a beta coefficient of 0.31, and negative perfectionism with a beta coefficient of -0.19 significantly predicted marital burnout. Additionally, schemas in the domains of rejection and disconnection (beta = 0.59), impaired autonomy and performance (beta = 0.26), impaired limits (beta = 0.19), and other-directedness (beta = 0.20) were significant predictors of marital burnout in female teachers. Conclusion: The study concludes that both early maladaptive schemas and mate selection criteria are significant predictors of marital burnout among female teachers. The findings suggest that interventions targeting these schemas and criteria can be beneficial in addressing marital burnout.

The main criteria for mate selection: The nursing students' perspective in the south-west of Iran during 2020-2021: A cross-sectional study.

Marriage has been a functional and moral relationship between men and women, which leads to the creation of a family and also can result in the birth of a child. This study aimed at determining the mate-selection criteria of nursing students. 298 nursing students were considered in this cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study. The study data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with confirmed validity and reliability. The male and female undergraduate students' mean age was 20-37 and 20-30 years, and male and female graduate students were aged 22-33 and 23-39 years, respectively. From the girls' perspective, 24 out of the 46 criteria were essential for mate selection. From the boys' perspective, 17 criteria were important and five were very low important. The results revealed a significant difference between both genders regarding the importance of 29 criteria. Boys believed that having housekeeping skills, coming from similar cities, and having physical attractiveness were of utmost importance. Girls paid more attention to psychological and economic criteria in comparison with men. For girls, the husband's nobility and ability to manage the family and for men being a housewife were more important. Despite the differences in some points of view between both genders about considering the criteria for choosing a future spouse, according to all participants, it was important for the participants to include psychological, cultural, familial, and social criteria for choosing a mate selection. It is recommended that, before marriage, the youth should consider the above-mentioned criteria to choose their future spouse. In addition, as much as possible, boys should have a decent job and an independent income before marriage.

Genomic mating in outbred species: predicting cross usefulness with additive and total genetic covariance matrices.

Diverse crops are both outbred and clonally propagated. Breeders typically use truncation selection of parents and invest significant time, land, and money evaluating the progeny of crosses to find exceptional genotypes. We developed and tested genomic mate selection criteria suitable for organisms of arbitrary homozygosity level where the full-sibling progeny are of direct interest as future parents and/or cultivars. We extended cross variance and covariance variance prediction to include dominance effects and predicted the multivariate selection index genetic variance of crosses based on haplotypes of proposed parents, marker effects, and recombination frequencies. We combined the predicted mean and variance into usefulness criteria for parent and variety development. We present an empirical study of cassava (Manihot esculenta), a staple tropical root crop. We assessed the potential to predict the multivariate genetic distribution (means, variances, and trait covariances) of 462 cassava families in terms of additive and total value using cross-validation. Most variance (89%) and covariance (70%) prediction accuracy estimates were greater than zero. The usefulness of crosses was accurately predicted with good correspondence between the predicted and the actual mean performance of family members breeders selected for advancement as new parents and candidate varieties. We also used a directional dominance model to quantify significant inbreeding depression for most traits. We predicted 47,083 possible crosses of 306 parents and contrasted them to those previously tested to show how mate selection can reveal the new potential within the germplasm. We enable breeders to consider the potential of crosses to produce future parents (progeny with top breeding values) and varieties (progeny with top own performance).

Gender differences in mate selection criteria among university students in Bangladesh: A study from the social homogamy perspective

Gender differences in mate selection criteria across cultures are common. In various cross-cultural research, these gender differences are explained by different socio-cultural theories. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate gender differences in mate selection criteria in Bangladeshi culture and to explain these differences by the social homogamy theory. An unstructured interview method was followed to obtain the aim of the study. A total of 120 unmarried Bangladeshi university students were chosen to participate the study whose age were ranging from 21 to 24 years (M = 22.45, SD = 1.75). The participants were selected by a convenient sampling method from four universities in Bangladesh. They were equally divided in terms of gender and university. A total of twelve mate selection criteria were found in the study, in which each student averagely responded 7.23 criteria. The highest and lowest number of responses were observed in education (n = 108) and residential status (n = 33) criterion, respectively. The top-ranked criterion considered by male and female students was physical attractiveness and education respectively. Gender difference in mate selection preferences was found to be significant in the study. Though, gender difference was significant in age, education, financial status, physical appearance, physical attractiveness, and profession criterion; however, the gender difference was not significant in character, in-law family's education, in-law family's social approval, religion, region, and residential status. Mate selection criteria considered by Bangladeshi students are explained by the social homogamy theory. The study would help Bangladeshi people to be aware of their mate selection in their own Bangladeshi culture.

Norwegian Men and Women Value Similar Mate Traits in Short-Term Relationships.

Previous research has provided evidence that females are generally the more selective sex in humans. Moreover, both sexes have been found to be more selective in long-term mating compared to short-term mating. In this study, we have examined the effects of sex, mating strategy (preferred relationship length) and their interaction on mate preferences (i.e., mate selection criteria) in an egalitarian Nordic society, namely Norway. The study sample consisted of 1,000 individuals, 417 of whom were male and 583 female respondents. According to our findings, men were more selective in physical appearance, whereas women were more selective in all the other mate preferences (e.g., understanding, dominant, kind, intellectual etc.). The respondents that were seeking short-term relationships had higher preference for physical appearance, humorousness and sociability. On the other hand, the respondents that were seeking long-term relationships were more selective in most of the other mate preferences (i.e., understanding, kind, cultivated, domestic, reliable, and similar). Interestingly, no interaction effect was found between sex and mating strategy in that differences between long-term and short-term seekers in mate preferences did not change depending on sex. This suggests that men and women value the same traits in short-term relationships.

Mate selection among online daters in Shanghai: Why does education matter?

Prior studies of assortative mating have shown that people tend to marry someone of the same educational level, but why individuals value a mate’s education and the process of mate selection itself remain a black box in predominantly quantitative studies. With online dating’s growing popularity, research needs to examine how online daters navigate dating markets given educational preferences they hold and “freedom of choice” offered by technologies. This study aims to investigate individuals’ educational preferences and how educational preferences shape mate selection processes in online dating. In-depth interviews were conducted with 29 university-educated, heterosexual online daters (13 men, 16 women) in Shanghai. Data were analyzed through a combination of abductive and inductive coding strategies. Results showed that both educational levels and university prestige were primary mate selection criteria in online dating. Both genders considered educational sorting essential for achieving cultural matching, but only men emphasized the importance of spouse’s education for their future children’s education. Furthermore, guided by their educational preferences, online daters deliberately chose dating platforms and screened dating candidates. We argue that online daters’ emphasis on university prestige is rooted in China’s hierarchical higher education system, and gendered rationales for educational preferences stem from ingrained gender roles in Chinese families. Seemingly “personal” preferences are therefore shaped by cultural norms and institutional contexts. Moreover, results suggest that online dating may reinforce social closure among China’s educational elites.

Changes in union formation patterns in a context of male marriage-squeeze: an exploratory survey in rural Shaanxi, China

Starting from the postulate that formation of heterosexual unions is necessarily affected by a numerical imbalance between the sexes in the marriage market, this paper uses data from a survey conducted in 2014–2015 in three rural counties of Shaanxi, China, to analyse the mechanisms to cope with this rather particular socio-demographic situation and with the poverty that is endemic in the survey area, in order to achieve marriage by any means. This empirical study based on individual quantitative data analyses the consequences of the male marriage-squeeze from the point of view of married men. The difficulty of getting married is identified and taken into account to analyse three specific adaptation mechanisms: demographic adaptations, changes in social norms regarding mate selection criteria, and economic adaptations. Findings demonstrate that marriage timing and age gap between spouses are levers that enable men to enlarge their pool of potential mates. But monetization of marriage is one of the most immediate consequences of the competition between the men seeking to marry. In sum, the men who reported difficulties getting married did so later than the other men, have greater age-gap with their spouse, and are in a disadvantaged position when negotiating the terms of their marriage. We conclude that the male marriage-squeeze has to be understood not only in relation to how marriage is constructed as a family and social institution, but also as a catalyst for other inequalities, especially in terms of social and economic capital.

The influence of sexual orientation on reputational punishment of other women’s behaviour

ABSTRACT The denigration of competitors is an evolved strategy used to give the impression that a rival is less appealing. Evidence indicates that women denigrate other women principally on appearance and sexual fidelity because men value these qualities in partners. The current investigation examined whether indirect aggression – the spreading of reputation-harming information about a rival woman – is a strategy utilised by both straight and lesbian women. Additionally, we explored whether it was influenced by the extent to which a rival target was identified as ‘threatening’ or sexually promiscuous. Female participants were assigned to one of two possible target vignette/photographic conditions (sexualised versus neutral) based on their self-identified sexual orientation. All were provided the same information about the target’s social life, asked whether they would share that information with others, and completed a threat assessment. Findings suggest that lesbian and straight women both use competitor derogation as a mating strategy and are more likely to denigrate targets they perceive as sexual rivals. Straight women reported a greater likelihood of conveying reputation-harming information about the target in the sexualised condition compared to the neutrally dressed condition, but dress did not influence lesbians’ likelihood of denigration. Potential differences in mate selection criteria are discussed.

The study of mate-selection criteria among ethnic groups in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari

Criteria for spouse selection of great complexity and coordinated these criteria is important in the formation and strengthening of family bonds. The present study was to evaluate the mate-selection criteria among ethnic groups in done. For this purpose, according to Cochran formula of calculation of the required preliminary test of 550 questionnaires were selected as sample size that the citizens of nine city in the province of Fars Bakhtiari ethnic population and Turk the appropriate quotas were distributed. 440 questionnaires were eventually got full and analysis. To check the mate-selection criteria of priority criteria for mate-selection questionnaire was used PCSSI mate-selection criteria. That prioritize reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alpha equal to. /786 which showed that the questionnaire is an appropriate reliability. The questionnaire has appropriate reliability. To analyze the data from tests of Faridmn and ration was used. results of the analysis of the data suggests it is almost between ethnic groups in Chaharmahal mate-selection criteria of difference not great, But in priority to the social standards of mate-selection to fit the Bakhtiari people have pointed nobility family as the most important criterion for marriage. Fars people on criteria such as age, physical attractiveness, ability to make decisions cited personal properties. For people Turk employment, income, mental health, good social relationships, ability to express emotions, virtue, and ethnicity same, not having sex before marriage have noted Independence vote. The overall analysis showed that among ethnic groups in love cookies, mental health, morals, not having sex before marriage and responsibility are the most important criteria. The same ethnic criteria, physical attractiveness, social status, family fitness, education, occupation and income on lower levels of significance were.

Testing evolutionary and cultural theories regarding mate selection in Turkey

Most studies on mate selection criteria have focused on women and rely on Western samples. In the present study, we tested both women's and men's mate preferences from evolutionary and cultural perspectives in a large, mostly Muslim sample (N = 1114). Results showed that (1) the relation between women's families' income level and the income level they prefer in their potential mates is inconsistent with the cultural similarity hypothesis; (2) women place more importance on intelligence (i.e., good genes-mental), willingness to provide (i.e., good father) and ability to provide (i.e., good provider) in their potential mates, whereas men place more importance on physical attractiveness (good genes-physical); (3) in contrast to some previous findings, the importance of “willingness to provide” was negatively related to socio-economic status but positively related to religiosity; (4) “willingness to provide” properties were the most important preference criteria for women; and finally (5) as perceived attractiveness of the self increased, both women and men became more stringent in their criteria. Taken as a whole, the findings are consistent with an evolutionary approach to mate selection.

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A Cross-Cultural Mate Selection Study of Chinese and U.S. Men and Women

Using data on 333 never-married heterosexual Chinese adults and 339 never-married heterosexual U.S. adults, we tested a mate selection model with multiple-group structural equation modeling. Depicting mate selection as a contextual process, we first developed and then examined the fit of a model that includes multiple key variables—including culture, gender, age, external influences, self-appraisals, mate selection perceptions, and mate selection criteria. We report a number of differences between Chinese and U.S. males and females regarding their mate selection processes. We highlight the salience of using relative variables, latent variables, and contextual models in describing the mate selection process, and discuss the practical implications of the study’s findings for relationship education and family therapy.

Mate Selection, Meaning of Marriage and Positive Cognitive Constructs on Younger and Older Married Individuals

The purpose of this research was to examine the role of mate selection, meaning of marriage, meaning of life, quality of life, hope and perceived social support in being married, based on age, gender, ethnicity and educational status. The sample consisted of 632 Iranian individuals who were young or older married individuals. The participants were selected through a purposive sampling method. A demographic questionnaire and six inventories were used. Resulting data demonstrated that individuals who were young had a significantly greater overall scores than individuals who were older married in the areas of mate selection criteria, meaning of marriage, meaning of life, quality of life, hope and social support. Findings did not indicate an influence of gender on these constructs. Significant effects were found with regards to ethnicity and educational level in the meaning of marriage and hope respectively.

Study of Love Market in China

‘Love is also an exchange’ has become a more and more common saying in these few years. Humans, both males and females, demand love from their ideal partners. Whenever demand and supply exist, a market exists. In this research, it is found that mating, to a certain extent, could be seen as an exchange. The fact is that human share a common pattern in their mating behavior, i.e., basing on the other party’s criteria. Shenzhen is called a ‘migration city’ in the general public. This city is unique for its level of economic development and the huge percentage of immigrants. How young females’ mate selection behavior is shaped in this unique city is therefore an interesting topic to study. This research project has investigated three main aspects by choosing Luohu District, Shenzhen as a target place. Firstly, it is found that some marketing concepts could be applied into Luohu females’ mating behavior to a certain extent. For example, results show that high quality men are more ‘demanded’ by Luohu females. Secondly, the degrees of importance of different mate selection criteria in affecting females’ mating intention are investigated. It is found that instead of monetary aspects, men’s health is the most important criterion affecting females’ mating intention. The least important criterion is appearance. Thirdly, Luohu females generally think women’s most important criteria are youthfulness and being kindhearted. By studying the ‘love market’, it is hoped that the results could provide some directions or hints for men to enhance their competitiveness, i.e., their criteria, in finding a mate in the love market in Luohu District, Shenzhen.

Impact of College Students’ Romantic Relationship Changes on Reorientation of Mate Selection Criteria

Students may experience two kinds of important romantic relationship changes during their transition from high school to higher education. One is a break-up between previously dating partners, and the other is the establishment of a romantic relationship between students who were single before. These two kinds of experiences also affect orientation of their mate selection criteria. This study takes samples from freshmen with different romantic relationship experiences. The freshmen’s dynamic assessment data towards mate selection criteria are obtained by means of investigative questionnaires related to mate selection criteria. Especially, reorientation to mate selection criteria is investigated after their romantic relationship changes. The results show that romantic relationship changes have a significant influence on assessment to the importance of mate selection criteria such as physiological requirements, morality, personality traits, inclusiveness, complementation, affection. Romantic relationship changes don’t have significant influence on assessment to the importance of physical and social conditions.