Master View Research Articles

Vision-Based Efficient Robotic Manipulation with a Dual-Streaming Compact Convolutional Transformer.

Learning from visual observation for efficient robotic manipulation is a hitherto significant challenge in Reinforcement Learning (RL). Although the collocation of RL policies and convolution neural network (CNN) visual encoder achieves high efficiency and success rate, the method general performance for multi-tasks is still limited to the efficacy of the encoder. Meanwhile, the increasing cost of the encoder optimization for general performance could debilitate the efficiency advantage of the original policy. Building on the attention mechanism, we design a robotic manipulation method that significantly improves the policy general performance among multitasks with the lite Transformer based visual encoder, unsupervised learning, and data augmentation. The encoder of our method could achieve the performance of the original Transformer with much less data, ensuring efficiency in the training process and intensifying the general multi-task performances. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate that the master view outperforms the other alternative third-person views in the general robotic manipulation tasks when combining the third-person and egocentric views to assimilate global and local visual information. After extensively experimenting with the tasks from the OpenAI Gym Fetch environment, especially in the Push task, our method succeeds in 92% versus baselines that of 65%, 78% for the CNN encoder, 81% for the ViT encoder, and with fewer training steps.

GENDER DETERMINATION USING MAXILLARY SINUS DIMENSIONS - A DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY

Background and Objectives: Paranasal sinus anatomy is complex and rather variable from person to person. Gender determination is an important step in human identication in forensic medicine. Radiographs are used in forensic medicine for the identication of humans especially in cases where the body is decomposed, fragmented, or burned. The maxillary sinus is the largest of the four paranasal sinuses and its measurements are valuable in studying sexual dimorphism. Maxillary sinuses remain intact, although the skull and other bones may be badly disgured in victims who are incinerated. Therefore, this study was undertaken to examine and measure dimensions of maxillary sinus as observed on maxillary sinus radiographs and propose the use of the same, as an aid in gender determination. Materials and Methods: Maxillary sinus views of 50 healthy patients (25 males and 25 females) were taken using Kodak 8000 C Digital and Panoramic and Cephalometric system (73 Kvp. 12mA, 10.7s) and measurements made using Master View 3.0 software. Results: The total studied sample composed of 50 patients; the results were based on two study groups: the male group (composed of 25 patients) and female group (composed of 25patients). In the current study, the size of the maxillary sinuses of the female was found to be smaller than those of men. The width of right maxillary sinus, the height of right maxillary sinus and left maxillary sinus and the total width across right and left maxillary sinus showed statistically signicant differences at a p value of .007, .020, .008 and .005 respectively. The present study showed that the accuracy rate for identication of males was 76% and for females was 60%. From the observations of our study, we found signicant differences in dimensionsConclusion: of maxillary sinuses between males and females. We therefore conclude that maxillary sinus dimensions are useful and can be used as an aid in gender determination.

Orthopantomography and use of Mandibular Indices for the Evaluation of Gender Distribution in Navi Mumbai Population - A Retrospective, Single Blind Study

Introduction: The study of forensic sciences often leaves the forensic expert to draw conclusions from any and every material available in determining the identity of the deceased. The initial step in identifying a person is to determine their gender based on their adult skeleton. The human skeleton displays sexual dimorphism, of which the skull is most dimorphic providing an accurateness of 92%. However, in certain situations where the skull may not be found intact, the mandible plays a vital role. The mandible's thick covering of compact bone helps keep it from exploding during a mass tragedy. Dimorphism in the mandible is gender specific and is mainly reflected in its shape and size. The mandible is also easily radiographed and specific linear measurements of the mandibular rami as seen on an OPG are useful indices for gender determination. 
 Aims: To examine the efficacy of mandibular rami measures such as maximum ramus breadth, maximum ramus height, minimum ramus breadth, condylar height, coronoid height, mandibular body length and gonial angles on the right and left side of an OPG in determining gender.
 Materials and methods: 110 digital OPG’s (55 males, 55 females) of a Navi Mumbai population were obtained retrospectively from a reputed dental college and hospital. The OPG’s were taken using Xtropan 2000 OPG machine, 10x12 PSP plates, exposure parameters of 75 Kvp, 8 mas, 13 sec, and KODAK CR 7400 digitizer. Master View 3.0 software was used on the desktop computer to measure the mandibular ramus's width and thickness. Maximum ramus breadth, Maximum Ramus height and lowest ramus breadth of the mandibular rami, as well as the height of the condyle and the coronoid bone, and the length of the mandibular body and gonial angles on the right and left sides of the mouth, were all measured. Using a statistical formula, the measurements were substituted and gender was estimated.
 Result: We used the IBM SPSS v 21.0 statistical software for social sciences to do our statistical study. p0.05 was deemed statistically significant, with a 5% margin of error and a 20% margin of error, giving the study an 80 percent power. In the study group, 51 of the 55 men were expected to be males, while 49 of the 55 females were anticipated to be females, while 6 of the 55 females were predicted to be males.
 Conclusion: This research shows that the mandibular ramus is a useful tool for determining gender, and digital panoramic imaging yielded the best accurate linear measures. There was considerable sexual dimorphism in the mandibular ramus in the chosen Navi – Mumbai subpopulation, and the combination of 8 factors demonstrated an accuracy of 91.81 percent and was helpful for gender determination.

Obtaining three-dimensional trajectory of multiple fish in water tank via video tracking

Accurately and reliably obtaining the three-dimensional motion data of individuals in fish schools is not only valuable for fish behaviour analysis and hydrodynamics studies but also be helpful in areas such as bio-inspired robot design. Video tracking is the most effective gateway to obtain the quantitative motion data of continuously moving objects. In this paper we propose a method for obtaining the quantitative three-dimensional trajectory of individuals in fish schools. The proposed method works on videos captured by multiple synchronized cameras with the help of a suggested three-camera imaging system. The proposed method follows the master-slave paradigm in which it tracks fish in the master view with the help of the convolutional neural network in the first, and then associates each certain fish in the master view with detections in the slave view by formulating the cross-view data association as the moment-wise linear assignment problems. Experiments have conducted on public datasets to completely evaluate the performance. The proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.

Morphometric analysis of mandibular ramus for sex determination on digital orthopantomogram.

Background:Identification of sex from skeletal remains is an important tool in forensic science. Mandibular ramus can be used for sex determination either on dry mandible or through orthopantomogram (OPG).Aim:To determine the sex from mandibular ramus using digital OPG.Materials and Methods:The morphometric analysis was conducted on mandibular ramus of 1000 digital OPG using Kodak Master View version 4.3 software. Statistical analysis was performed, and independent t-test and discriminant function were applied.Results:The participants’ age ranged from 21–60 years with an equal number of males and females. The mean dimensions of all parameters for ramus were higher in males and highly significant (P < 0.001). The total mean length of minimum and maximum ramus breadth was 27.44 ± 3.41 mm and 32.27 ± 3.40 mm, respectively. The maximum and projective ramus height was 71.78 ± 5.98 mm and 65.62 ± 6.19 mm, respectively. The coronoid height was 59.23 ± 6.08 mm. The correlation of gender with morphology of mandibular ramus was significant (P < 0.05). The overall accuracy for diagnosing sex was 69%, whereas for diagnosing male and female, the accuracy was 68% and 70%, respectively.Conclusion:Measurements of mandibular ramus using OPG are helpful in sex determination.

0338 : Long-term evolution of ECG early repolarization pattern in a female population of navigant staff and implication in aeronautical medicine

In female, the prevalence of ER is lower but reported variously and has been poorly studied in aeronautical medicine. Our study described and evaluated the prevalence and long-term (4 years) evolution of ECG ER pattern in the female population of the French aeronautical staff. This is a retrospective single-center study, conducted over a period of 12 years (1998-2010) at the Centre of Medical Expertise in Navigant Personnel of Hospital of Percy, Clamart, France. The study was conducted from clinical data and through the systematic recording of ECG on a digital database (TRACE MASTER VIEW – PHILIPS ©). The study population included asymptomatic subjects aged >18 years and with no cardiovascular disease. An initial ECG (P1) was recorded in all patients at incorporation and a second 4 years later (P2). ECG were interpreted by 2 cardiologists. The presence of ER is rated “ER+” and its absence “ER-”. On each ECG were recorded: the heart rate (HR), the Sokolow-Lyon index and the corrected QT (QTc) interval. The study population included 306 women. The majority was stewardess (in 95.1% of cases; mean age 25.9±3.3 years). Only 170 subjects (56%) practiced sports up to one hour per week. At P1: PR + prevalence was 9.2%. The most common pattern was “slurring” in 64.3% of cases, in the inferior leads (28.3%). The ST segment is horizontal or descending in 53.6% of patients. At P2, the prevalence of RP+ was 7.5% (a loss of RP+ in 5 patients). At P1, the Sokolw-Lyon index was higher in RP+ patients (p The author hereby declares no conflict of interest

Sex determination by mandibular ramus: A digital orthopantomographic study.

Aims and Objectives:(1) To determine the usefulness of mandibular ramus as an aid in sex determination. (2) To evaluate Anteroposterior | superioinferior angle of mandibular condyle.Materials and Methods:A retrospective study was conducted using orthopantomographs of 60 males and 60 females, which were taken using Kodak 8000C Digital Panoramic and Cephalometric System (73 kVp, 12 mA, 13.9 s). The age group ranged between 18 – 45 years. Mandibular ramus measurements were carried out using Master View 3.0 software. The measurements of the mandibular ramus will be subjected to Discriminant function analysis.Results:Maximum ramus breadth, Minimum ramus breadth, Condylar height, Projective height of ramus Coronoid height were calculated for both the sexes differently with the formula & analyzed with Discriminant function analysis using Fischer exact test. The P value was statistically significant with the P value < 0.05 for the following parameters Max. ramus breadth, Condylar height and Projective height of ramus.Conclusion:Mandibular ramus measurements can be a useful tool for gender determination.

Relationship between mandibular angle fracture and state of eruption of mandibular third molar: A digital radiographic study

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between mandibular angle fracture and the status of eruption of the mandibular third molars. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 50 mandibular angle fracture cases with or without the presence of mandibular third molars, inclusive of both genders in the age group 18 years and above. The mandibular angle fractures were assessed by taking an orthopantomograph for each case following strict radiation protection protocol after an informed consent was obtained. The captured image was assessed and traced for the presence of mandibular angle fracture, angulation, and status of mandibular third molar by using Windows Trophy DICOM and Master View 3.0 software. Pell and Gregory's and Winter's classifications were followed. Results: We observed the following: Increased incidence of angle fractures in the presence of mandibular third molar, male predominance, the mean average age being 29 years, and the most common cause of angle fractures was road traffic accident; the fractures were observed more on the left side. In the total sample, mandibular third molar was present in 90% of the cases with angle fracture; of this, 73% of the teeth were impacted. Increased incidence of mandibular angle fracture was observed in position A, class II, and mesioangular impaction of third molar, which were statistically significant. Conclusion: The presence of mandibular third molar was in strong association with mandibular angle fracture and there was an increased incidence of position A, class II, and mesioangular impaction, when compared with other positions. This study concludes that there is a direct relationship between the presence and status of impacted third molars with increased risk of mandibular angle fracture.

International education research and the sociology of knowledge

The ontology of the field of international education is described and analysed in terms of singular, regional and generic modes of pedagogized knowledge. In contrast to singular and regional modes of knowledge which synthesize introjection (orientation onto themselves) and projection (orientation towards external contingencies), generic modes concentrate solely on projection onto the demands of the market. Generic knowledge is characterized as a reductive discourse that couples education to the acquisition of skills and competences. International education may be characterized as a region in which singulars (academic disciplines) are brought together in an integrating framework. ‘Internationally minded values’ are identified as constituting an overarching master view that weakens classification between the contents of the field of international education. It is proposed that the International Baccalaureate Learner Profile, as a specification for international education, constitutes pedagogized knowledge in the generic mode. Possible directions for future research in international education are discussed in the context of these contrasting modes of knowledge.

Mandibular ramus: An indicator for sex determination - A digital radiographic study

Background:The identification of skeletal remains is of paramount importance in medico-legal investigations. The skeletal components most often investigated for gender determination are the pelvis and skull, with the mandible being a practical element to analyze sexual dimorphism in the fragmented bones. Presence of a dense layer of compact bone makes it very durable and well preserved than many other bones. Mandibular ramus can be used to differentiate between sexes and it also expresses strong univariate sexual dimorphism. When skeleton sex determination is considered, metric analyses on the radiographs are often found to be of superior value owing to their objectivity, accuracy, and reproducibility.Aims and Objectives:(1) To measure, compare, and evaluate the various measurements of mandibular ramus as observed on orthopantomographs. (2) To assess the usefulness of mandibular ramus as an aid in sex determination.Materials and Methods:A retrospective study was conducted using orthopantomographs of 50 males and 50 females, which were taken using Kodak 8000C Digital Panoramic and Cephalometric System (73 kVp, 12 mA, 13.9 s). Mandibular ramus measurements were carried out using Master View 3.0 software. The measurements of the mandibular ramus were subjected to discriminant function analysis.Results:We observed each variable of the mandibular ramus to be a significant predictor in classifying a given sample (P < 0.001).Conclusion:This study on mandibular ramus measurements using orthopantomograph shows strong evidence suggesting that the ramus can be used for gender determination for forensic analysis.

Pages in peril: what we may lose as ebooks go mainstream

The ebook industry is growing asymmetrically: Far more novels are being read than nonfiction texts, and those are generally read as reflowable text on small devices. Uniform pagination is seen as unnecessary, raising the risk that ebook technology will mature without a standard mechanism for citing pages in research footnotes and discussion, making traditional source attribution of older works impossible. The author suggests a publisher-side ‘master view’ of books including both print-image pagination and matching page markers embedded in reflowable ebooks. Appropriate ebook rendering software would allow human readers to jump to ebook page locations identical to those in print editions of the same work. ‘Decimal’ page references (such as p. 206.339) could allow precise citation of sentences or even individual words in an ebook without sacrificing human comprehension of pagination in printed works. Such a system would preserve page-based footnoting in both directions between existing print books and ebooks.

Constraint-Based Techniques to Support Collaborative Design

We develop a framework to support collaborative constraint-based geometric design systems with multiple views for concurrent engineering. The framework is based on a conceptual architecture with a master view and several client views with a two-way flow of information between the master and client views. The tools in the framework are used to open a new application’s view and to maintain consistency when one of the applications changes its view by editing it and when either the master view or one of the other views must be updated. A simple case study illustrates how the tools in the framework work.

A preliminary empirical test of a culturally-relevant theoretical framework for the study of successful aging.

This article aims to shed preliminary empirical light on the assumptions underpinning a culturally relevant theoretical framework for the study of successful aging. On the basis of the Kluckhohnian theory of cultural variation, this framework suggests that congruence exists between value orientations concerned with man-nature, time, activity, and relationships, and the manner in which the construct of successful aging is understood. Methodologically speaking, the research project upon which this article is based started out by adapting and further developing the vignette-based instrument that Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck designed to test the theory of cultural variation. Vignette-based interviews were then conducted with 30 Iranian immigrants to Sweden as a preliminary test of the hypothesis of congruence. The results presented in this article suggest that, as posed in the framework in question, there is a relationship between the value orientations that people prefer and the various understandings of successful aging that they uphold. The results suggest also that there is a variety of ways in which the construct of successful aging can be understood, and that variety encompasses other ways of thinking about successful aging besides the master nature, future, productivity, and individuality-oriented views that characterize the gerontological debate. Although further research is necessary, these preliminary results do infer that this framework might offer a theoretically interesting approach to the study of individual, generational, and cross-cultural understandings of successful aging.

G ERALD T. E LMORE , Islamic Sainthood in the Fullness of Time: Ibn al-עArabi's Book of the Fabulous Gryphon (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1999). Pp. 775. $229.50

Gerald T. Elmore's Islamic Sainthood in the Fullness of Time: Ibn al-עArabi's Book of the Fabulous Gryphon marks another significant milestone in the ever-expanding realm of Sufi studies focused on the Andalusian master. Aside from the previous works of William Chittick, Michel Chodkiewicz, Claude Addas, Henry Corbin, James W. Morris, and so on, the past few years have seen the publication of some important translations of primary materials from Ibn al-עArabi. The most successful example of this, perhaps, is The Meccan Illuminations , a partial thematic translation of the Futuhat al-Makkiya . Elmore's task is significant because it represents the translation of a single text, the Kitab עAnqaء Mughrib . While obviously not on the same level of significance as either the Futuhat or the Fusus al-hikam , the current text is a minor classic of Ibn al-עArabi's that does shed some additional light on the great Sufi master's views on the nature of sainthood, particularly as articulated through the concepts of the seal of saints (also called the Mahdi in this text). Other sections of the book deal with the emergence of the world from the macrocosmic haqiqa al-muhammadiya (The Muhammadan Reality). A subsequent section deals with ten microcosmic “jewels” or pearls.

Physicians do not have a responsibility to provide futile or unreasonable care if a patient or family insists.

This article was written to argue that physicians are not ethically obligated to provide care which they consider futile, unreasonable, or both, either voluntarily or in response to patient or surrogate demands. Data used to prepare this article were drawn from published articles, including original investigations, position papers and editorials in the author's personal files. Articles were selected for their relevance to the subjects of medical ethics, the concepts of futility and medical reasonableness, case law, and healthcare reform. The author extracted all applicable data. Physicians may feel obligated to provide care in all clinical circumstances due to the single master view of medicine and the ethical principle of autonomy. However, care may be considered futile according to several definitions of that word, including that which describes futile treatment as something that does not benefit the patient as a whole. Furthermore, care may be considered unreasonable if it is excessive and not generally agreed upon. Physician refusal to provide futile or unreasonable care is supported by the ethical principles of nonmaleficence, beneficence, and distributive justice. The last principle is particularly relevant in the current climate of healthcare reform. Although the issue of physician refusal of requested care has not been resolved by case law or legal statute, it is supported by compelling ethical principles. Physicians are not ethically required to provide futile or unreasonable care, especially to patients who are brain dead, vegetative, critically or terminally ill with little chance of recovery, and unlikely to benefit from cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

An Optical Theme in The Merchant’s Tale

An Optical Theme in The Merchant’s Tale

Did Epicurus approve of Marriage? A study of Diogenes Laertius X, 119

There are many difficulties in this curious passage which Bailey justly describes as scrappy and incoherent and it is, I think, true to say that no two editors agree on text and punctuation. The passage is, however, rather important since the first part of it is the only reference we have in the Epicurean corpus to the Master's views on marriage and the begetting of children a subject which must surely have been treated by a moralist with his views on human happiness. Let us then begin by considering the passage up to r(ou yoc[aeLv. As it stands the text asserts positively that the wise man will marry and beget children. But ever since Epicurean studies began in modern times this has been queried, and the great scholar Gassendi felt bound to follow Casaubon in emending xac [ujv xox' to xoct [q&, in other words, to print the exact opposite of the MS reading. In more recent times Usener, Bailey, and Diano revert to the MS but Hicks in the Loeb edition agrees with Gassendi. The principal reason for the emendation is clear enough; in the first place it has seemed to many scholars from Casaubon onwards to be impossible to reconcile approval of marriage with Epicurus' own well-attested views on human happiness in general and sex in particular; in the second, all references by later writers to the Epicurean view of marriage agree in depicting the Epicurean as an opponent of wedlock and the family. The key to a happy life, Epicurus taught, is 0'copoEo, freedom from worry (Ep. III, I 2 8), a freedom to be won only by restricting the needs of the present and our hopes for the future, by pursuing self-sufficiency (a0U>rpxezec Sent. Vat. 77), and by refusing to give hostages to fortune (Sent. Vat. 47). It would certainly seem more consistent with this attitude

The Nature of Art: an Open Letter to the Professor of Poetry in the University of Oxford

PROF. SMITH'S Open Letter is one of those delightful attempts to place before a brother professor a little of the knowledge which, although belonging more properly to the sphere of the writer's particular branch of learning, ought to be shared by his confrere. The letter was not written for publication, and, for that reason, is all the more delectable, for it shows a spirit of true learning, willing co-operation, and kindly friendliness which, in these days of commercial antagonism, is all the more refreshing. The preface tells us that after a discussion with the professor of poetry at Oxford, Prof. Smith desired further to explain his own position with regard to the nature of poetry and art and took the opportunity of doing so in this letter. That we have the privilege of reading it is due, apparently, to the impression that the letter made on the recipient. We do not know whether the sender made a convert, but the present writer, for one, is heartily glad that the letter has been published. The aim of the letter is primarily to explain the theory of art which Prof. Smith himself holds. He points out that any criticism of art requires a ground for criticism, and that this, again, requires a theory. The writer holds such a theory and begs leave to present it to his friend. The theory is not his own, but that of a master, but he holds it none the less sincerely for that and hopes that it is, first, intelligible and, secondly, acceptable. The theory is, of course, that of Gentile, and the letter is a clear exposition of the Italian master's views on art. This we refrain from criticising, but we admire and commend both the matter of the letter and the spirit which prompted the writing of it. Those who have any interest, either in letters or art, will thoroughly enjoy the reading of it.