Master Piece Research Articles

Hassan Bin Thabit (رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنہ) and His Qasa'Id in Praise of the Messenger of Allah (صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہ وسلم)

This paper contains poems of Hadrat Hassan bin Thabit (رضی اللہ تعالی عنہ) which he composed in praise of the Messenger of Allah (صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہ وسلم). The compositions are the master pieces of the Arabic poetry. It also shows that all faculties have their role in the advancement of good and repelling of the evil.

성경 번역에서의 일관성 점검과 한글 성경 역본들

The purpose of this article is to introduce consistency checks needed in the process of Bible translation, to assess the quality of some published Korean Bible versions by examining them with selected consistency items, and to suggest the need of revising the versions by applying thorough consistency checks so that Korean churches can have Bibles of better quality.<BR> The process of consistency checks in Bible translation is a part of reproducing the nature of the original biblical text into the translated text. The original biblical text is characterized by its intertextuality comprising a linguistic cohesion and a thematic coherence. That linguistic cohesion is realized by the many terms and phrases as cohesion features that are used consistently throughout the whole Bible. It is as if the Bible is woven into a masterful piece of fabric with intertextual strings of cohesion across the Hebrew OT and the Greek NT. Some linguistic and literary features of the original text, such as the acrostic nature of some psalms, are virtually impossible to translate into another language. Some other features, however, are possible to reproduce in translation. Among the reproducible features is the domain of consistency items although checking them takes highly technical efforts over a considerable length of time.<BR> Korean churches have strived to have a good Bible translation in Korean, and that effort produced several versions in recent years. But as yet, none of these versions has reached the stature of the Korean Revised Version (1961) as the “Church Bible”. This means there is a need to supply a version of high quality to Korean Christians. One channel to upgrade the quality of translation is to apply thorough and technical consistency checks.<BR> Here, general consistency items are introduced first, then some selected consistency items are experimentally applied to six recently published Korean versions: the New Korean Revised Version (1998), the Revised New Korean Standard Version (2006), the Agape Easy Bible (2004), the Duranno Korean Bible (2005), the Korean Truthful Version (2008), and the CBCK Bible of the Roman Catholic Church (2005). In addition, four foreign language versions are examined with the same items: The English Revised Standard Version (1952), the German Lutherbibel (1984), the Chinese Union Version (1919), and the Turkish Kutsal Kitap (2002).<BR> The result of this examination shows that the Korean Bible versions are found largely lacking thorough consistency checks. In comparison, the four foreign language versions are more carefully done in this respect. It is not to say that the Korean versions are of poor quality but that they lack a professional finishing touch. Thus, thorough consistency checks remain the desiderata for most Korean Bible versions.

Seated by the sea: the maritime history of Portland, Maine, and its Irish longshoremen

Traces the rise of the Irish-American immigrant community in Portland, Maine, through its control of waterfront labor over eight decades before the port s twentieth century decline. The book is a valuable contribution to local labor history that situates its subject within the broader picture of U.S. history during a crucial period in the formation of the nation's economic and social identity.--Lincoln P. Paine, author of Down East Vividly reveals how America's maritime culture has declined over a very short period of time.--Gene Allen Smith, coeditor, New Perspectives on Maritime History and Nautical Archaeology series Provides crucial insight into the ethnic dimension of New England's longshoremen.--Josh Smith, U.S. Merchant Marine Academy Connolly has down a masterful piece of research and writing that fills in so much that is left out of the history books. Seated by the Seadocuments the rise and fall of Portland, Maine's maritime fortunes, the immigrant Irish who dominated its dockside work, and the independent longshore union that the workers formed to help claim their place in Amerca. This well-written history overcomes the lack of good scholarship on Atlantic Ocean longshore unionism prior to the twentieth century and truly puts the importance of Portland's maritime heritage on the map.--John Beck, Michigan State University For decades, Portland, Maine, was the closest ice-free port to Europe. As such, it was key to the transport of Canadian wheat across the Atlantic, losing its prominence only after WWII, as containerization came to dominate all shipping and Portland shifted its focus to tourism. Michael Connolly offers an in-depth study of the on-shore labor force that made the port function from the mid-nineteenth through the mid-twentieth centuries. He shows how Irish immigrants replaced and supplanted the existing West Indian workers and established benevolent societies and unions that were closed to blacks. Using this fascinating city and these hard-working longshoremen as a case study, he sheds light on a larger tale of ethnicity, class, regionalism, and globalization. Michael C. Connolly, a native of Portland, is professor of history at Saint Joseph's College of He is the editor of They Change Their Sky: The Irish in Maine.

O prvoj monografskoj obradi škrinje Svetog Šimuna u Zadru

U članku je temeljito parafraziran rukopis berlinskog povjesničara umjetnosti Alfreda Gottholda Meyera, kojeg je taj ugledni istraživač potkraj 19. stoljeća posvetio škrinji Sv. Šimuna u Zadru, postavši tako autor prve monografije o najznačajnijem djelu našeg zlatarstva. Namjera autorice bila je posvetiti davno zasluženu pažnju sadržaju te ključne knjige u ranoj povijesti istraživanja najmonumentalnijeg srebrnog relikvijara našega srednjovjekovlja, na taj način revalorizirati Meyerove zasluge za današnje poznavanje povijesnoumjetničkog značaja umjetnine, ali i potaknuti zanimanje germanista kako bi Meyerova studija bila što skorije i u cjelini prevedena s njemačkog jezika na kojem je izvorno napisana, te tako pristupačnija istraživačima.

14th European X‐Ray Spectrometry Conference (EXRS‐2010)

The 14th European X-Ray Spectrometry Conference (EXRS-2010) was held for the second time in Portugal, now hosted by the Universities of Coimbra, Lisbon and Aveiro in collaboration with the Portuguese Research Foundation and the European Association of X-Ray Spectrometry (EXSA), from June 20 to 25, in Figueira da Foz, close to Coimbra. After 14 years, the International Advisory Committee (IAC) distinguished the Portuguese X-Ray Spectrometry Community once more with this honour. In the meantime, two members of the IAC are missing. They passed away a few years ago: Themis Paradellis, from the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Athens, and Barbara Holynska from the Mining and Metallurgy University in Krakow. They were well remembered. The evolution of this conference series is astonishing. From the 120 participants in Lisbon in 1996, this conference reached in 2010 around 320 participants from 37 countries, who permanently assisted the 16 parallel sessions. The number of young students dominated the event. The most participating country was Portugal, followed by Germany. Exhibitors also participated in mass, showing the highest advances in X-ray technology, hence evidencing the outstanding level of the conference. The whole conference took place in the Congress Palace in Figueira da Foz. The opening session had the presence of the Mayor of the city, the Presidents of the Faculty of Science and Technology of the University of Coimbra and the President of the Physics Department. This scientific meeting attracted much attention of the local press. The program included 10 invited talks, 129 oral scientific presentations (+17 short commercial ones) and over 160 poster presentations distributed in three poster sessions. The fruitful discussions after the talks and the relaxing environment during poster sessions, one of them accompanied by Portuguese wine degustation, opened new sources of research and fomented new collaborations among the participants. The largest number of presentations was devoted to the sessions on X-ray sources and detectors and on art and cultural heritage. Special reference must be made to the Fundamental Parameter Initiative—survey and discussion, which took place in a special session during the conference. The annual EXSA General Assembly also took place during the conference with the presence of Peter Wobrauschek as president and all the present members. At the end, a pleasant reception was offered to all the participants. According to the tradition, there was an excursion. Two options were given to the participants. One of them was a trip to Fátima, one of the most important Catholic places and the Batalha Monastery, a Manuelin style master piece from the 15th century. The alternative was a visit to Coimbra University, the oldest in Portugal and one of the oldest in Europe. The conference dinner was one of the highlights of the conference. It was held in the Grand Casino of Figueira da Foz, and the astonishing show surprised and delighted all participants. The International Advisory Committee announced that the next EXRS conference will take place in Vienna in 2012, as a collaboration between the Atominstitut, Vienna University of Technology and the International Atomic Energy Agency. We are sure that it will be a great success. Thanks are due to all Organizing Committee Members for their choice of the invited speakers, their advice on the overall guidelines and continued support during the entire preparation of the conference. Special thanks should go to Cristina Monteiro, a member of the Local Organizing Committee who took most of the initiatives by herself and carried out on her shoulders heavy responsibilities of the organization. Our gratitude goes also to Wiley for hosting the Conference papers in this journal. Finally, we want to express our gratitude to everyone who contributed in some way to the success of this conference, and to Mother Nature who cooperated magnificently.

Peranan dan Sumbangan Muhammad b. 'Umar al-Wāqidī dalam Bidang Pensejarahan Islam

Muhammad b. 'Umar al-Waqidi (130-207H/747-822M) was a Medinan historian and was famous in the field of Sirah and Maghazi. His scholarly can be seen through his abundant and precious works which most of them related to the history. al-Waqidi's master piece i.e. Kitab al-Maghazi discusses about Saraya and Ghazawat during the days of Rasulullah P.B.U.H. in Medina. It was his genuine work and no element of plagiarism as alleged by some of the orientalists. al-Waqidi was reported to derive his facts of writing from the autoritative sources. When he writes on Ghazwah, he will go the the place where the Ghazwah occurred and observes it. These were among of the factors which gave him more validity in historiography compared to another historians. Futhermore, his writing was based on the chronology and the dates were mentioned in every event. Besides, he also uses simple words and there are geographical explanations in his writing. Until now, Kitab al-Maghazi remains as the main source for Saraya and Ghazawat which took place during the Muhammad P.B.U.H. period. Eventhough, some of the Muhaddithun questioned the the autoritative of al-Waqidi, his role and contribution in early Islamic historiograph is undisputible.

3D Geometrical Inspection of Complex Geometry Parts Using a Novel Laser Triangulation Sensor and a Robot

This article discusses different non contact 3D measuring strategies and presents a model for measuring complex geometry parts, manipulated through a robot arm, using a novel vision system consisting of a laser triangulation sensor and a motorized linear stage. First, the geometric model incorporating an automatic simple module for long term stability improvement will be outlined in the article. The new method used in the automatic module allows the sensor set up, including the motorized linear stage, for the scanning avoiding external measurement devices. In the measurement model the robot is just a positioning of parts with high repeatability. Its position and orientation data are not used for the measurement and therefore it is not directly “coupled” as an active component in the model. The function of the robot is to present the various surfaces of the workpiece along the measurement range of the vision system, which is responsible for the measurement. Thus, the whole system is not affected by the robot own errors following a trajectory, except those due to the lack of static repeatability. For the indirect link between the vision system and the robot, the original model developed needs only one first piece measuring as a “zero” or master piece, known by its accurate measurement using, for example, a Coordinate Measurement Machine. The strategy proposed presents a different approach to traditional laser triangulation systems on board the robot in order to improve the measurement accuracy, and several important cues for self-recalibration are explored using only a master piece. Experimental results are also presented to demonstrate the technique and the final 3D measurement accuracy.

Art as a Tool in the Built Environment

Man’s interaction with the environment dates back to creation. The interaction of man with its environment has been crucial to the continuous existence of man in relation to solving the fundamental or basic needs of food, shelter and clothing. This has been woven into a web of different cultural environment. This type of cultural environment includes palaces, shrines, markets, malevolent forest and places of social interaction. Man retreated into the protective warmth of cave while the environment threatened his survival (wild animals and weather condition). It was at this period that attempt was made at artistic creation. From this natural habitat developed the more comfortable houses that have been built up till today. Basically, traditional African society operates in environments that advance healthy living, moral values and steady communal growth. They built many houses that are architectural master pieces and decorated them aesthetically without architects and professional designers. The cities and villages were set up according to the dictates of the environment within which they lived without town planners, yet, some of them can be likened to streets in Amsterdam (Denyer 1978). The absence of the architects and town planners were adequately catered for by artists (carvers, moulders, painters and other craftsmen). Today, many of our towns and cities are reflections of great wealth without commensurate aesthetic value, while some others portray signs of poverty of ideas and skilled men because art has been neglected. The thrust of this paper is to access the invaluable role that art plays in nationbuilding through the built environment that we can call our own. It also emphasized the significance of the role of professional artists in the support of a reliable and conducive environment, which was very prominent among the traditional people.

Technology Focus: Subsea Technology (August 2010)

Technology Focus For several years, after the Offshore Technology Conference (OTC), I have had the opportunity to address the JPT audience and comment on subsea technologies and field applications that came to the forefront. This year, however, before getting to business, I would like to comment on the major event that hovered over OTC and the questions that could not stop being asked: “What happened?” “What consequences will the industry face?” “How should we get prepared for the day after?” I waited until the day before my review was due to put thoughts on paper. During this period, I closely followed developments and efforts to solve the catastrophe. Nevertheless, more time is necessary to cap the well and much more time will be necessary to recover the environment. How long it will take us to be back in business is another question that we all would like to answer. As we find the answer, our industry will be revisited comprehensively—from regulations and drilling procedures to equipment construction, safety, and environmental response. Time will tell. Now, let us address subsea technology and the papers of this issue. It was pleasing to see new fields implementing subsea boosting in different parts of the world. Three fields particularly caught my attention: Perdido, Parque das Conchas, and Azurite. The Perdido field, in the ultradeepwater Gulf of Mexico, combines a spar with a subsea-boosting system—an engineering master piece. The Parque das Conchas (BC-10) field, in ultradeepwater Brazil, uses a subsea-boosting system. The Azurite field, in ultradeepwater West Africa, uses a subsea-multiphase-pumping system. Subsea boosting attests that the operators have been looking attentively into this type of solution as the technology evolves into the ultimate subsea-to-shore production systems. I am pleased to suggest a collection of papers that addresses such solutions and their significant benefits to the field. I hope you enjoy it! Subsea Technology additional reading available at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org OTC 20418 • “Experiences From Operating New-Generation Riserless-Light-Well-Intervention (RLWI) Units in the North Sea, Challenges and Future Opportunities” by Robert Friedberg, Island Offshore Subsea, et al. OTC 20619 • “Experience to Date and Future Opportunities for Subsea Processing in Statoil” by Simon Davies, Statoil, et al. SPE 124290 • “The First All-Electric Subsea System on Stream: Development, Operational Feedback, and Benefits for Future Applications” by Pierre Gerardin, Total, et al. OTC 20993 • “AKPO: The Subsea-Production System” by Stuart G. Nelson, Total.

A Masterful Piece of Work and a “Must Read”

A Masterful Piece of Work and a “Must Read”

From the editor Vol.42 (2)

For a professional to become a true professional, he should actively contribute towards training the future generations of his creed. In this context, sharing technical knowledge and gaining experience in ones general and specific areas of expertise, with upcoming players in the field, becomes an obligation rather than an altruistic act on the part of senior Engineers. In the good old days our Engineers took this very seriously indeed and applied themselves earnestly to 'uplift' the juniors. However, in this modern, and fastmoving world, this age old ethic has taken a back seat, displaced by personal glory and gain. Though the economics of the times and the trends might not allow us to get involved in this training process in all earnest, at least we could devote a minute fraction of our time to share our diverse experiences with the Engineering fraternity. This type of commitment is quite evident in the 'modus operandi' of Engineering communities of some countries, we still look up to, such as Britain. Their publications contain detailed technical accounts on significant Engineering projects being carried out in the native country as well as around the world. Reading such accounts not only educate, but also motivate the budding Engineers to venture into unconventional areas which may lead to Engineering master pieces. Many Engineering construction works are under way or have been completed recently in Sri Lanka. It is a pity that we Engineers do not know much about these. It is the solemn duty of the Engineers involved, to enlighten other fellow Engineers, at least on the technical aspects of these works.

Apartheid and Beyond: South African Writers and the Politics of Place by Rita Barnard

1132 Reviews function of thework itself,and the artist's involvement in creating it. In a discussion of the importance of books in still-life scenes, she argues that still-lifeworks 'induce creative integration ofproximity and distance', commenting that '[b]ooks bring this distance near, turn theworld into a graspable object but without the pretense of domination. Indeed it is themix of the real or physical with themake-believe or symbolic space, materiality and metaphor, that creates the conduit feeling I find so compelling in these works' (p. 19). Here, surely, itwould be worth decelerating to unpack the difficult and fascinating questions raised. It isunclear whether Costello is arguing that the act of portraying a book in an artwork evokes a relationship between history and thepersonal because a book read inprivate may evoke a turbu lenthistorical world beyond, orwhether she isdetecting something specific to still life in the artwork's capacity toquestion the relationship between fictionand reality. This interesting book raises many questions about the relationship of art to so ciety and the role of the artist and interpreter.Greater length and a willingness to pause and untangle the ramifications of the arguments here might have produced a more satisfying,more conclusive study. Bristol Rose White Apartheid and Beyond: South African Writers and thePolitics of Place. By Rita Barnard. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2007. vii+218 pp. ?32.99. ISBN 987-0-19-511286-3. Rita Barnard's Apartheid and Beyond deals with apartheid's dependence on a bi ased and static definition of place as a basis for segregation in South Africa and the reflection and deconstruction of it in the country's literature, notably by J. M. Coetzee, Nadine Gordimer, Athol Fugard, Miriam Tlali, and Zakes Mda. Itanalyses the struggle authors undertake while dealing with their country's intensely com plex geographical history and its influence on the present-day political and social situation. Barnard stresses thepotential and necessity of redefining space and place in contemporary South African literature. The book engages with the problems surrounding the terminology of postcolo nial theory,while italso critiques the concept of 'postcolonial' literature in a South African context because of its unique historical situation. The interdisciplinary approach and the variety of authorial points of view included benefit the overall methodology. Barnard uses American and European aswell asAfrican philosophers and literary theorists, such as Bakhtin, Jameson,Deleuze, Guattari, Mphahlele, and Chaudhuri, and she has a particular proclivity for Foucault. In her lucid and de tailed introduction she explains the ideological and political meanings of place and spatial relations. These theories of space are pertinent in the analysis ofpostcolonial literature,while they also form the solid principles on which imperialism isbased. What is particularly interesting is the distinction Barnard makes between 'the place represented in the text' and 'theplace of the text'within South African liter ary history.Without explicitlymentioning it,she also comes to envisage 'theplace as text' and 'the text as place' during her analyses. Barnard includes a personal MLR, 104.4, 2009 ii33 paragraph inwhich she clarifies her own position, motivations, and subjectivity. This incorporation of her own personal myth of origins' is especially admirable as itnot only justifies choices and points of view but also places her in the spatial context inwhich she iswriting. A parallel with Gordimer's idea is thus formed: 'the act of reading?not tomention the subjectivity of the reader?is grounded in domestic space' (p. 42), which has direct reference to her own position. Barnard finds itopportune to assert her own history as a South African student in theCape, her current location as a South African living and working in theUSA, and her 'writing across a rift' (p. 14) as that influences her analyses. The six chapters are thematically distributed and deal with a number of 'mas terpieces' by internationally established and new authors who produce English language novels or plays. The Coetzee chapter discusses his literaryobsession with the South African pastoral. Barnard places this complex attitudewithin the trope of 'dream topographies'. The second and third chapters deal with Gordimer's idea that people are inherently linked to and formed by places. Chapter 2 sees the narrator's political awakening inGordimer's Bildungsromans, and...

Tacitean Elements in Grotius's Narrative of the Capture of Breda (1590) by Stadtholder Maurice, Count of Nassau (Historiae, Book 2)

AbstractThis article is part of the Dossier on Tacitus published in last year's issue of Grotiana. It offers a combined study of both the content and the language and style of Grotius' account of the capture of Breda in the second book of the Historiae, published in 1657 together with the Annales under the title Annales et Historiae de rebus Belgicis. A thorough analysis of Grotius' account of this eventful and dramatic turning point in the Dutch revolt reveals that it is nothing but a defective and occasionally unclear rehearsel of the standard narrative of the capture based on the well-known and in Grotius' day widely read history-books written in French and Dutch. The rather artificial imitation of Tacitus's brevitas on the stylistic level does not suffice to qualify Grotius's account as a masterful piece of Tacitean writing, because it does not highlight the motives of the chief characters in the story nor the connection between the events and their effects, and because Grotius fails to present his own perspective on this important episode in the war against Spain.

A new approach for art reproduction. The Altarpiece of Guimer&amp;#xE1; project

This paper covers a new approach for art reproduction, using digital printing technology. It describes a real case, the reproduction of the Altarpiece of Guimer&#xE1;, a XV century master piece of Catalan Gothic painting. Due to its dimensions and its irregular surface caused by wood aging (deformations, cracks) and moldings, the entire process became a real challenge.The objective is to experience the same feelings in front of the reproduction as to the original by means of accurately reproduce the image, the volumes and the texture.It describes the key steps along the project. That is, capturing the image (digital photography), measuring (3D non contact scan) and reproducing (wood milling) the three-dimensional physical reality and finally printing the image (with Thermal inkjet UV inks) on a flexible and elastic material (Papelgel) that is later on applied on top of any uneven surface or volume, thus transferring the ink layer onto it.The replica is already installed in it's location, proving that this technique opens new possibilities in the field of art reproduction and cultural heritage preservation.

Floral Ornaments on the Entrances of Ottoman Buildings

Islamic art was characterized by several features, such as the artists' aspire to embellish their structures and practical master pieces with all decorative types, such as living beings, geometrical, graphical and floral motifs. However, when Islamic religion prohibited the applying of living beings, the geometrical, graphical and floral ornaments became lavishly applied. Applying such ornaments in architecture; this research is concerned with the floral ornaments that have been found embellishing the entrances' masses of the Ottoman epoch structures in Cairo. This research is divided into an introduction, three main items, followed by a conclusion, beside some figures. -The introduction: encloses an outline of floral motifs and their different shapes that were applied on entrances of the Ottoman epoch structures; -Item I: encloses the actual style of the applied floral ornaments ; -Item II: encloses the modified style of the applied floral ornaments; -Item III: encloses a brief description of the places where floral motifs were applied to Ottoman structures

Skills, Trust, and Changing Consumer Preferences: The Decline of Antwerp's Craft Guilds from the Perspective of the Product Market, c.1500–c.1800

The main reason for the decline of craft guilds in Antwerp should not be sought in the labour market but rather in the product market. Apprenticeship systems, master pieces, and trademarks were conducive to a labour market monopsony but at the same time to the representation of product quality. On the one hand, product quality was legitimized through the superior manual skills of masters; on the other, it was objectified through the attribution of quality marks to the characteristics of the raw material used. This strategy was successful for the sale of the durable, expensive, luxury products Antwerp was renowned for until the first half of the seventeenth century, but economic elites and customers stopped favouring corporative regulations when demand shifted towards less expensive and more fashionable products. As guild-based skills were not necessarily superior in reality, and consumer loyalty ultimately depended upon the masters' trustworthiness, the craft guilds were bound to lose credibility.

Kulturel liminalitet i Don Quixote

Cervantes og den »algierske erfaring« Cultural Liminality in Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes’ two-volume satire from 1605 and 1615, Don Quixote de la Mancha, has often been been proclaimed the first European novel, especially by the continental theory of the novel. Most renowned in that regard is Milan Kundera’s description in The Art of the Novel of Don Quixote as the first narration in the literary history of Europe testifying to the absence of God. Thus for Kundera, Cervantes’ master piece demonstrates the close relationship between the genre of the novel, on the hand, and the rise of a scepticist, secular and worldlyminded mentality characteristic of the European Enlightenment, on the other hand. Being influenced by the general »re-historizing« of the literary studies that we are facing in these years, more recent Cervantine research has taken up topics that played a central role in the the cultural history of Golden Age Spain. Consequently, we have been witnessing a lot of studies focused on the representation of gender, ethnicity, identity politics etc. Within the frame of the cultural history approach to Don Quixote we also see examples of new biographical readings basing the literary analysis on a thorough historical reconstruction of Cervantes’ life and times, in particular with regard to his involvement in the war against the Turks. In my article »Cultural Liminality in Don Quixote. Cervantes and the Algerian experience«, I approach the question of Don Quixote as the first novel by combining the Bakhtinian theory of the novel with recent attempts at historical reconstruction.

El silbo gomero. Tradición viva de la cultura canaria y Patrimonio de la Humanidad

The Silbo Gomero is a substitute, a contracted form, spontaneous and a non-conventional language. It is able to transmit and to interchange a limitless range of messages over long distances by means of whistles, being reproduced by the sonorous characteristics of a spoken language. At the present time this primary language is the Spanish spoken in the Canary Islands. Government of Canary has re- cently implemented a large number of activities which started with the intention to show the Silbo Gomero as an artistic source and to encourage scientific research on this whistled language. One of the most significant measures taken by General Direction for Cooperation and Cultural Patrimony has to do with a proposal to UNESCO in order to consider the Silbo Gomero as a Master Piece of the Oral and Intangible World Heritage.

Education of technology with Aid of Wooden Models Based on the Codices by Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo da Vinci is not only famous as the artist who painted master pieces such as “The Last Supper” and “Mona Lisa”, he is also a great scientist and engineer. He left records of many original scientific inventions and explorations in books now known as Leonardo's Codices. These codices include anatomical charts, mechanical equipment, civil engineering concepts, and drawings related to architecture, astronomy, botany, and so on. The contents of these Codices are interesting for beginners who are studying mechanical engineering, although beginners are not used to recognizing a solid from a drawing.Therefore, models were reconstructed from the drawings in these codices, to be used as teaching materials for the study of mechanical engineering. In a lecture as part of a mechanics course, it was possible to generate an interest in mechanical engineering among beginners who studied the mechanics by using the reconstructed models. Similarly, an opportunity to consider the field of mechanical engineering was given to students of primary schools, junior high schools, senior high schools, and their parents, by the reconstructed models presented in the DA VINCI Festival at Toyama Prefectural University.

Multiple Imputation

In the United States, the modern survey sampling revolution began largely at the U.S. Census Bureau. The process, so the story goes, took off in the late 1930s when Jerzy Neyman, at the invitation of W. Edwards Deming, came to Washington and lectured at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA 1937; Duncan and Shelton 1978). The Census Bureau work that led to the two-volume master piece by Hansen, Hurwitz, and Madow (HHM, 1953) actually started earlier, as America tried to respond as a country to the Great Depression (Stephan 1949). In any case it is from the per spective of the HHM book that I begin my discussion of the seminal work on imputation that Don Rubin launched in 1977. Those of you who grew up in another data-collection environ ment, like experimental design, may object to the narrowness of my focus. After all, other statistical traditions also tackled miss ingness, albeit in ways different from those used in surveys (e.g., Little and Rubin 2002). The effort to impute, or as it was called then, allocate for missingness began in the 1940 Decennial Census and was in full swing by the 1960 Decennial. One of the related factors that contributed to this advance was that the Cen