Master Books Research Articles

Information System Data Processing Population Article 03 Village Residents Cibeber

Effectiveness and efficiency are mandatory requirements in this modern era, not least in terms of population data processing at the RT/RW level. This is what underlies the authors carry out research related to the design of information systems for data processing residents of RW 03 Kel. Cyber. The problem that occurs is that data processing is still conventional where all archives are still recorded manually in the master book so that the data collection process takes a long time. And submitting a cover letter takes a long time because it has to match the existing data. In addition, data is often lost when transferring management from each period. Therefore, it is necessary to update by utilizing currently available technology to facilitate and simplify the work of the employees on duty. The solution proposed by the author to solve this problem is to use the waterfall method by creating a desktop-based application. The result to be achieved is to make it easier to store data using a database and the process of submitting correspondence becomes more effective and efficient.

MODEL PROJECT CITIZENT DALAM MENINGKATKAN KECAKAPAN PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN PADA PENGEMBANGAN NILAI NILAI KARAKTER BUDAYA BANGSA

Character development which is an effort to realize the mandate of the Pancasila and the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution is motivated by the reality of the national problems that are developing at this time, such as: disorientation and not living the values of Pancasila; the limitations of integrated policy tools in realizing the values of Pancasila; shifting ethical values in the life of the nation and state; waning awareness of national cultural values; the threat of national disintegration; and the weakening of the nation's independence (National Policy Master Book for the Development of the Nation's Cultural Character 2010-2025). To support the realization of the ideals of character development as mandated in the Pancasila and the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution and to overcome the current national problems, the Government has made character development as one of the national development priority programs. That spirit is implicitly emphasized in the National Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPN) for 2005-2015, where character education is placed as a foundation for realizing the vision of national development, namely "realizing a society of noble, moral, ethical, cultured, and civilized based on the Pancasila philosophy. " One model that can develop national cultural character values through citizenship education is the Project citizen model, which is a portfolio-based learning model. Through this model students are not only invited to understand scientific concepts and principles, but also develop their ability to work cooperatively through empirical practice learning activities. thus learning will be increasingly challenging, activating and more meaningful

Plotter: Operationalizing the Master Book of All Plots

Pulp fiction author William Wallace Cook published Plotto: The Master Book of All Plots in 1928, which contains almost 2000 plot fragments and relatively formal instructions on how human authors could combine them to produce plots behind novels. In this paper we show one way that the methods in this book can be used to computationally generate plots from the fragments. We also show sample plots generated by our system called Plotter that uses this method. Finally we use them to discuss idiosyncrasies and limitations of the book.

The Accidental History of the U.S. Immigration Courts: War, Fear, and the Roots of Dysfunction by Alison Peck

Reviewed by: The Accidental History of the U.S. Immigration Courts: War, Fear, and the Roots of Dysfunction by Alison Peck Michael A. Olivas The Accidental History of the U.S. Immigration Courts: War, Fear, and the Roots of Dysfunction. By Alison Peck. (Oakland: University of California Press, 2021. Pp. 240 pp. Notes, bibliography, index.) Sometimes there are books that leave you much better for the experience. This is one of them. When I retired from teaching immigration law in late 2019 after nearly four decades, I was the most senior such teacher in the country. I had studied immigration law at Georgetown University with Charles Gordon, who was also the general counsel for the Immigration and Naturalization Services. I recall his explaining then how disorganized its structure was, including what my notes called “conflicts of interest that hurt immigrants and the cause of justice.” Alison Peck brought these memories back in her masterful book, The Accidental History of the U.S. Immigration Courts: War, Fear, and the Roots of Dysfunction, which has thirteen chapters in three sections, “Crisis in the Immigration Courts,” “From World War II to 9/11: The Ghost of the Fifth Column,” and “The Future of the Immigration Courts.” Peck is Charles Gordon’s successor in critiquing the Department of Justice (DOJ) and what she calls its roots of dysfunction, showing, for example, how the 1940 assignment of immigration “judges” by the DOJ was compromised by its singular lack of independence and even specific term limits for the judges. In several chapters she reveals the uncomfortable truth that concerns over [End Page 217] various wars, communism, and national security contributed to the jerry-rigged apparatus that exists now, after more than eighty years of existence. What the late John Le Carré treated in fiction, Peck narrates in fascinating and detailed non-fiction prose. Her tour of the topic begins with a chapter called “The Attorney General’s Immigration Courts,” a telling title. Chapter 9, “The Reckoning,” shows that clever media manipulation has deep roots in World War II, and chapter 10, “Un Día de Fuego,” shows that the nomenclature for the Patriot Act, created in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, should have alerted all of us that truth had already become a casualty of war. While Peck’s description of the administrative apparatus that arose and led us to this unsatisfactory situation serves a purpose, her first table (9) clearly reveals how political and dysfunctional immigration courts became during the Trump administration, whose disastrous policies broke the system, exposing its long-established flaws and using them to grind immigration to a halt. Here she shows that during thirteen presidential administrations, from Franklin D. Roosevelt through Barack Obama, there was a total of nineteen “self-referrals,” whereby an attorney general reserved to himself or herself an immigration case that would ordinarily have been resolved by the Board of Immigration Appeals process. She memorably calls this evasion of traditional rules the same as “moving the goalposts midway through a game with life-or-death consequences” (8). President George W. Bush did so ten of these nineteen times. In only four years, however, Donald Trump’s attorneys general moved the goalposts another seventeen times, almost as many as had occurred in the previous seventy-six years. These figures stunned me, despite my career experience. I constantly asked myself why I did not know the scope of all of these finger-on-the-scale events and why it had not been revealed previously in the hundreds of immigration books and articles I have read carefully over the years. This information alone is justification for the book. Alison Peck has dug deeply into impressive archival materials, including presidential libraries and what must have been secretive meetings with those who had access to classified materials and had to remain unnamed. She also has an adept writing style that usefully organizes much complex material into several narratives that synthesize large amounts of data and events. Having narrated her way to the present day, she provides an epilogue that surprisingly focuses on George W. Bush’s retirement artwork in which immigrants are among his subjects, likening them to Lady...

18Book and Media Theory

Abstract The year’s work in book/media theory witnessed a return to three fundamental questions about the ‘book’: 1. What Is a Book? 2. Who Is a Book? 3. Why Books? The first section of this chapter, ‘What Is a Book?’, presents a group of scholars who view the book as an object that continues to elude or deny the ways in which we have come to understand it. No other thinker makes this clearer than Jacques Derrida, whose high-theory approach to the ‘book’ was the focus of Juliet Fleming’s masterful Book Theory seminar at the Folger Shakespeare Library in November 2019. Taking a more literal approach to deconstructing the book, Book Parts, a multi-author volume edited by Dennis Duncan and Adam Smyth, breaks down the book into its anatomical components. The next section, ‘Who Is a Book?’, brings together scholars from various literary disciplines—John Durham Peters, Patricia Badir, and Jonathan Senchyne—who collectively demonstrate how the book is always more than just an object to read or handle; it teems with thought, life, minds, and bodies. The final section, ‘Why Books?’, explores the enduring purpose, meaning, and future of books in society. Leah Price’s public-facing work, What We Talk About When We Talk About Books, and Michaela Bronstein’s PMLA article on archiving in light of climate change, reckon with the truths about our own changing human condition that only thinking about books can lay bare.

MODEL PROJECT CITIZENT DALAM MENINGKATKAN KECAKAPAN PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN PADA PENGEMBANGAN NILAI NILAI KARAKTER BUDAYA BANGSA

Character development which is an effort to realize the mandate of the Pancasila and the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution is motivated by the reality of the national problems that are developing at this time, such as: disorientation and not living the values of Pancasila; the limitations of integrated policy tools in realizing the values of Pancasila; shifting ethical values in the life of the nation and state; waning awareness of national cultural values; the threat of national disintegration; and the weakening of the nation's independence (National Policy Master Book for the Development of the Nation's Cultural Character 2010-2025). To support the realization of the ideals of character development as mandated in the Pancasila and the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution and to overcome the current national problems, the Government has made character development as one of the national development priority programs. That spirit is implicitly emphasized in the National Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPN) for 2005-2015, where character education is placed as a foundation for realizing the vision of national development, namely "realizing a society of noble, moral, ethical, cultured, and civilized based on the Pancasila philosophy. " One model that can develop national cultural character values through citizenship education is the Project citizen model, which is a portfolio-based learning model. Through this model students are not only invited to understand scientific concepts and principles, but also develop their ability to work cooperatively through empirical practice learning activities. thus learning will be increasingly challenging, activating and more meaningful

MODEL PROJECT CITIZENT DALAM MENINGKATKAN KECAKAPAN PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN PADA PENGEMBANGAN NILAI NILAI KARAKTER BUDAYA BANGSA

Character development which is an effort to realize the mandate of the Pancasila and the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution is motivated by the reality of the national problems that are developing at this time, such as: disorientation and not living the values of Pancasila; the limitations of integrated policy tools in realizing the values of Pancasila; shifting ethical values in the life of the nation and state; waning awareness of national cultural values; the threat of national disintegration; and the weakening of the nation's independence (National Policy Master Book for the Development of the Nation's Cultural Character 2010-2025). To support the realization of the ideals of character development as mandated in the Pancasila and the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution and to overcome the current national problems, the Government has made character development as one of the national development priority programs. That spirit is implicitly emphasized in the National Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPN) for 2005-2015, where character education is placed as a foundation for realizing the vision of national development, namely "realizing a society of noble, moral, ethical, cultured, and civilized based on the Pancasila philosophy. " One model that can develop national cultural character values through citizenship education is the Project citizen model, which is a portfolio-based learning model. Through this model students are not only invited to understand scientific concepts and principles, but also develop their ability to work cooperatively through empirical practice learning activities. thus learning will be increasingly challenging, activating and more meaningful

Aplikasi Pengolahan Data Kependudukan Industri 4.0 Berbasis Web

The term Industry 4.0 was born from the idea of a fourth industrial revolution. To realize Industry 4.0 academic involvement is needed in the form of research. Currently Industry 4.0 uses conventional information systems, namely recording population data in a master book that has been provided, then recapitulated to make population reports. The system that runs at the Kebon Besar Kelurahan office in Batu ceper Subdistrict currently still has many shortcomings, including requiring a long time in the process of finding data, as well as in the process of making reports. The purpose of this study is to produce a faster and more accurate population data management information system. This research uses data collection methods carried out by observation, literature study and interviews. The results of this study are to facilitate the people in charge of the process of managing population data, assisting in the process of inputting data, searching data, and population reports.

Beat King for Sale

Beat King for Sale James Janko (bio) Kerouac: The Last Quarter Century Gerald Nicosia Noodlebrain Press 192 Pages; Print, $24.95 When poet Gary Snyder first met Jack Kerouac in San Francisco in 1955, he noticed "a palpable aura of fame and death." Kerouac was largely unknown at the time, but Snyder sensed in him a cauldron of creative energy, a volcano about to erupt. Perhaps no one knows more about the life and work of Jack Kerouac than biographer Gerald Nicosia, the author of Memory Babe (1983). Allen Ginsberg hailed this book as "a monument of Kerouac." Unfortunately, Memory Babe has been out of print for more than eighteen years, not because it lacks an audience but because it has been systematically removed from the Kerouac canon. I read Nicosia's newest book, Kerouac: The Last Quarter Century, with a mixture of fascination and horror. In the hands of a lesser writer, the fate of Jack Kerouac's archive would read like a legal brief. Instead, Nicosia's prose sparks with insight and drama at every turn. At center stage is the multi-million-dollar heist of a literary estate. When Jack Kerouac died in October of 1969, his mother, Gabrielle Kerouac, was the sole beneficiary. Gabrielle died four years later. Her will specified that the entire estate and all assets go to Stella Sampas Kerouac, Jack's widow. In 2009, almost thirty-eight years after Gabrielle's death, her will was proven to be a forgery in a Florida courtroom. In the meantime, the siblings of Stella, led by the late John Sampas, had sold off much of the estate, including the famous rolled manuscript of On the Road (1957), which netted 2.43 million dollars in 2001. Troves of Jack Kerouac's papers ended up in the hands of private collectors and dealers. An arcane statute protects the Sampas family from having to return the stolen property and the profits thereby generated. To this day, the family retains control of Jack Kerouac's literary estate. What is at stake besides money? According to Nicosia, Jack Kerouac carefully organized his archive in filing cabinets in the hope that his papers would be available to scholars and biographers. His daughter Jan, despite being disowned by her father, helped to lead an effort to preserve her father's writings in one public institution. Instead, Jack Kerouac's estate is a literary diaspora. The examples are too numerous to cite, so I will offer just one. As a boy, Jack wrote more than one hundred letters to his friend, J. G. Apostolos. Since these letters are now the property of private collectors and dealers, they are largely inaccessible to biographers, scholars, and the general public. The author who helped to shape a generation of Americans, who died with ninetyone dollars in his bank account, has been divided and dispersed by money and power and greed. Nicosia acknowledges that there is no shortage of information about Jack Kerouac. Many of his books have been reissued, and articles and biographies continue to be written. According to Nicosia, however, there is a problem of censorship. The Sampas family was not only able to choose the editors for reissued books, but to determine—to some extent—what would be revealed about Jack Kerouac and what was best kept in the shadows. The intention was to create the best possible product for consumption. Nicosia's Memory Babe has long been confined to the shadows. The critical biography of Jack Kerouac was first published by Grove Press in 1983, and the paperback edition, under Viking Penguin, appeared two years later. William S. Burroughs called it "the best of many books published about Jack Kerouac's life and work, accurately and clearly written, with a sure feeling for Jack's own prose." Praise came from all corners. Jean-Francois Duval, France's most authoritative Kerouac scholar, called it a "masterful book." The London Times Literary Supplement called it "the best biography of Jack Kerouac." Why, then, has Memory Babe been out of print for more than eighteen years? Nicosia supported Jan Kerouac and Jack Kerouac's nephew, Paul Blake, Jr., in their attempts...

Penerapan metode nested query untuk menetukan siswa penerima bantuan PIP

Cijujung 04 State Elementary School is one of the basic educational institutions that is always developing with the number of students increasing from time to time. Cijujung 04 Public Elementary School is a state school, this school is located in the Cikupa-Nagrak village of Cijujung village, cibungbulang sub-district, Bogor Regency. Public elementary schools or other private elementary schools also have very important data. One of them is a master book. The student handbook is a data set of students studying at the school. Student Parent Book is one of the most important parts of the management of this institution. The notes in the master book must be complete. Includes, student biodata, student grades, and student achievement results from the first semester to graduate school. However, in its implementation so far it has been ineffective and inefficient because it is carried out manually, namely by writing data in a thick ledger or a master book. The teacher also had difficulty finding student data in the parent book and also sought students for prospective recipients of PIP assistance. A system is needed that can be used by teachers to find student data in the parent book and also look for students for potential recipients of PIP assistance. Nested queries or queries are queries that have other queries in them. By using the nested query method in the parent book system, the search process for prospective PIP recipient students can be searched as needed because in the parent book system has a student search feature based on the desired category. Based on the nested query method. From the results of the distribution of questionnaires to test the system distributed to informatics engineering system respondents obtained a percentage of system eligibility of 87% so that it can be categorized as very feasible, while the results of distributing questionnaires to user respondents obtained a percentage of system feasibility of 94.5% so that it can be categorized as very feasible

Web-based student master book information system in vocational school of Muhammadiyah Banyuresmi

The main student book information system is a web-based application that comes as a form of modernization from a manual student main book that can streamline, and streamline the time in importing, searching, etc. This application is made as simple as possible so that it is easy to use by the user, in terms of interfaces and interactions in the application so even for novice users it will be easy to understand, but even though simple, this application can contribute a lot of reasons, the Student Parent Book is the most important book in school administration. Especially data management of students, the Student Parent Book Information System Application is based on localhost (local network), meaning that when you want to access it does not need to be connected to the internet, just connect to the local network and can only be accessed by users who are connected with the admin, or recorded by admin as someone who has access rights.

Morris , Jeremy Everyday Post-Socialism: Working-Class Communities in the Russian Margins (review)

REVIEWS 393 feeds off and into a similar sentiment in Western Europe (Brexit, Lega Nord in Italy, Alternative for Germany, etc.). This, however, is less a minor quibble and more an anticipatory look to future work from Dzenovska. In the meanwhile, her masterful book belongs on the shelves of academics from many disciplines. University of Washington Aldis Purs Morris, Jeremy. Everyday Post-Socialism: Working-Class Communities in the Russian Margins. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2016. xxvii + 261 pp. Illustrations. Figures. Notes. References. Index. £66.99. Political scientists and sociologists have created significant knowledge about policy and its effects in contemporary Russia. But theoretically-robust and engagingly-descriptive ethnography is a different and arguably more difficult category of scholarship. Jeremy Morris triumphantly pulls off the achievement in his excellent book, Everyday Post-Socialism. He focuses on a small industrial town in Kaluga Region. This is a former ‘monotown’. In the Soviet period, it grew up around quarries. It was a small centre for the manufacturing of cement and products associated with road construction. Now it contains various ‘inheritor’ industries, including foreign car manufacture and plastics, as well as numerous independent firms and a thriving informal sector. Morris’s book takes us inside this community. It analyses provincial working-class identity in terms of employment, the informal economy, gender and generation. Morris has already written widely about post-Soviet ‘informality’, the ways in which personal ties, as well as flexible relations to administration, regulation and the law structure much of working-class identity and economic survival strategies. This is one of several theoretical frameworks that support the empirical material. Another is the concept of habitability, or how people have organized their lives in ways that make existence bearable and sufficient. Pursuing this organizing principle allows Morris to throw light on the everyday practices of people’s lives. But it also implies a population living independently from neoliberal discourses of deracinated personal ambition. Instead, a web of personal connections and practices allow people to survive, modestly to get on — and act too as the sources of a partly class-based identity that provides consolations that go beyond the immediately material. The Soviet Union was the workers’ state and some categories of manual labour were especially privileged in terms of wages and public celebration. For some, it was possible to be a manual worker and consider oneself a significant person in a way that is impossible in a capitalist economy. Even thirty years later, manual work SEER, 97, 2, APRIL 2019 394 continues to shape not just the economies of some post-Soviet towns but also the inner lives of many post-socialist Russians. In facing this reality, Morris takes his subjects seriously, not simply as anonymous case studies or statistical data, but as persons with as much richness and dignity as members of higher social groups. Morris’s ethnographic approach is an immersive one. It rests on many visits to the township both in the 1990s and more recently, during which he lived, socialized and worked alongside selected members of this working-class community. Inevitably, there is a self-selecting quality to some of the empirical base that results. The conclusions rest on lengthy and repeated encounters with relatively small numbers of informants, rather than more superficial interviews with a larger and more representative field. But Morris lives in the homes of some of these people, becomes part of their social circles, visits them at work, drinks with others, and spends long hours helping them with sophisticated DIY, modestly describing his sometimes hapless contributions. What this amounts to is a detailed, compelling and convincing description of a crucial layer of contemporary Russian civilization. The book transcends its field. Anyone who is interested in Russia can find it enjoyable and useful, as can scholars with a cognate theoretical focus or an interest in the wider post-socialist region. Historians, of whom I am one, will learn from its approach to historical time in the present and immediate past. Unlike many works of social science, it does not simply offer a snapshot of an abstracted present, or make a nod to chronological context, but creates a more careful sense of how people and place relate to...

The insoluble problems of books: what does Altmetric.com have to offer?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the capabilities, functionalities and appropriateness of Altmetric.com as a data source for the bibliometric analysis of books in comparison to PlumX.Design/methodology/approachThe authors perform an exploratory analysis on the metrics the Altmetric Explorer for Institutions, platform offers for books. The authors use two distinct data sets of books. On the one hand, the authors analyze the Book Collection included in Altmetric.com. On the other hand, the authors use Clarivate’s Master Book List, to analyze Altmetric.com’s capabilities to download and merge data with external databases. Finally, the authors compare the findings with those obtained in a previous study performed in PlumX.FindingsAltmetric.com combines and orderly tracks a set of data sources combined by DOI identifiers to retrieve metadata from books, being Google Books its main provider. It also retrieves information from commercial publishers and from some Open Access initiatives, including those led by university libraries, such as Harvard Library. We find issues with linkages between records and mentions or ISBN discrepancies. Furthermore, the authors find that automatic bots affect greatly Wikipedia mentions to books. The comparison with PlumX suggests that none of these tools provide a complete picture of the social attention generated by books and are rather complementary than comparable tools.Practical implicationsThis study targets different audience which can benefit from the findings. First, bibliometricians and researchers who seek for alternative sources to develop bibliometric analyses of books, with a special focus on the Social Sciences and Humanities fields. Second, librarians and research managers who are the main clients to which these tools are directed. Third, Altmetric.com itself as well as other altmetric providers who might get a better understanding of the limitations users encounter and improve this promising tool.Originality/valueThis is the first study to analyze Altmetric.com’s functionalities and capabilities for providing metric data for books and to compare results from this platform, with those obtained via PlumX.

WAWASAN HADIS TENTANG ALAT DAN MEDIA PENDIDIKAN

Hadith is Everything that is based on the Prophet Muhammad PBUH from words, deeds, taqrir or nature. Educational tools are everything that serves to support the achievement of educational goals or anything that helps the implementation of education in achieving educational goals, both tools in the form of objects and non-objects. Whereas the media of education or learning is an object that can be sensed, especially vision and hearing, both inside and outside the classroom, which is used as a liaison tool (communication media) in the process of interaction in teaching and learning to improve the effectiveness of student learning outcomes. In the history of his life, the Prophet Muhammad PBUH being the Messenger of Allah also had a role as an educator who delivered and taught the message of the great Islamic religion. In the process of teaching the Messenger of Allah. has used tools and media in the form of objects or non-objects that helped him in educating students who at that time were early Muslims who in science terms Hadith known as the Companions of the Prophet. Recorded in the master books of the Prophet's Hadith, Muhammad PBUH have used several educational tools and media in the process of teaching to Muslims at that time known as the generation of friends in the term of Hadith science. The tools and media that were used by the Prophet Muhammad. is the person of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH itself then some things like silk and gold, sun, moon, pulpit, fingers, pictures and photos.

Book Review - (Of Susanna L. Blumenthal, Law and the Modern Mind: Consciousness and Responsibility in American Legal Culture (2016))

In a masterful book titled Law and the Modern Mind, Susanna Blumenthal simultaneously describes the battles among scientists, doctors, and jurists in the period following the Revolutionary War and up through the Gilded Age, and takes on traditional scholarship in legal history as to who this person or “mind” is. Her study not only provides an alternative account of the formation of American character, but also provides a series of detailed portraits of the various turning points in the formation of that character, and the legal determination of capable, accountable personhood. This review essay initially discusses Blumenthal’s approach to legal history and the challenge she presents to traditional scholarship. The second section provides an overview of Blumenthal’s methodology, which draws on a breathtaking base of source materials; she weaves hundreds of cases, treatises, and biographical notes into her observations. Finally, this review considers what is one of the most powerful and important contributions of her book—an in-depth analysis of the intersection of law and medicine in the period under study. The review points out ways in which Blumenthal’s insights can be brought to bear on modern conversations involving law, genetics, and neuroscience.

Penyimpangan Orientasi Seksual (Kajian Psikologis dan Teologis)

Recently, the issues of Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual and Transgender has attracted the attention of public More, Nationally and internationally. it is ironic that some territories of the United State has declared legality of LGBT’s activity officially, when the activity is obviously a kind of sexual orientation deviation. moreover, they have several argumets to strengthen the legalization; they said the status of LGBT has changed from sexual orientation deviation to ordinary orientation as confirmed by the psychology master book “Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental disorder (DSM)”. They also try to desconstruct syariah law to strengthen the arguments theologically. This paper attempts to reveal the facts behind the LGBT movement, by tracking the historical background of how they could compromize with the legality of LGBT’s activities. in the end, it sould be explained how the religions, expecially Islam, view this problem of sexual orientation.

Greatness in failure: a look at Leonardo da Vinci and his drawings of the heart

Greatness in failure: a look at Leonardo da Vinci and his drawings of the heart

Jules Dejerine, André-Thomas and the pathology of the cerebellum

Jules Dejerine, André-Thomas and the pathology of the cerebellum

Consilia sapientis amici: Saint Thomas Aquinas on the Foundation of the Evangelical Counsels in Theological Anthropology by Viktória Hedvig Deák

Reviewed by: Consilia sapientis amici: Saint Thomas Aquinas on the Foundation of the Evangelical Counsels in Theological Anthropology by Viktória Hedvig Deák Basil Cole, O.P. Consilia sapientis amici: Saint Thomas Aquinas on the Foundation of the Evangelical Counsels in Theological Anthropology. By Viktória Hedvig Deák. Rome: Editrice Pontificia Università Gregoriana, 2014. Pp. 447. $45 (paper). ISBN: 978-88-7839-281-6. A doctoral dissertation rarely merits a book review, but it does when there is a gap in knowledge in a particular theological branch, as is the case today concerning the evangelical counsels. The author of this work, a Hungarian Dominican Sister, has written an exceedingly comprehensive book on St. Thomas Aquinas's understanding of the counsels of Christ, our friend—as Aquinas often calls him in his writings. Her secondary sources are too plentiful to mention in a book review, but a major mentor in this theological area is Servais Pinckaers. Deak is somewhat critical of the views of Francisco Suarez, Karl Rahner, and Hans Urs von Balthasar on this topic. This is a masterful book about the great counsels of poverty, chastity, and obedience as linked intimately with the precepts or commandments of God. All of the counsels, including the evangelical ones, are meant to be understood as advice even for those not called to religious life. When the counsels are activated by the decision of a human person, they normally facilitate the living of the precepts and at the same time, in the higher stages of the spiritual life, express a deep intensification of divine love when the occasion to make an act of supererogation demands it. Possible works beyond what is obligatory emerge more profoundly as one grows in the virtues, and they become inner demands for the person "madly" in love with God. For the less advanced, the counsels act as healing agents sweeping aside excessive anxiety or solicitude for the goods of this world, that is, material goods, married life, and the desire to control one's life, often called self-determination, and autonomy. The desires associated with these goods usually become unnecessary or excessive, making growth in divine love more difficult to achieve because the mind becomes cluttered and unable to concentrate on God, the friend and lover. Thus, these counsels are not principles of life extrinsic to the commandments, [End Page 151] nor are they meant exclusively for those consecrated by vows. Whether in the state of religion or marriage, all are called to holiness, which means seeking the perfection of infused charity. Acts that flow from the counsels produce a lived freedom for intimacy with the Triune God. Deák is careful to show that for Thomas the obstacles to life are not created goods, but extreme anxiety over or excessive desire for them. Not being able to manage solicitudo (major distractions, tensions, worries, and the like) tends to reduce the ability of the human person to contemplate God and so grow in charity. However, when adopted the counsels heal many false desires and so reduce the anxieties hindering the thirst for truth and goodness embedded in the love for God. Chastity (continence), recognized today as the foundation of consecrated life, is therefore natural to some because the desire for contemplation as such is a natural inclination. While for Thomas, poverty becomes the foundation of religious life, the virginal life is well appreciated in his writings. For instance, in his definition of religious life at the beginning of the Pars prima of his Contra impugnantes, he gives chastity top billing, listing and treating the counsels in the order chastity, poverty, and obedience. Later on he will change that order to poverty, chastity, and obedience. Deák examines all of the relevant major works of Thomas to show his many insights, but she especially relies on his commentaries on John's Gospel, Paul's Epistles, Peter Lombard's Sentences, and Pseudo-Dionysius's On the Divine Names. In other words, her tome opens a gold mine of Thomas's thought, and in addition it discusses a wide swath of secondary literature of Thomists as well as the writings of St. Bonaventure and the adversaries...

Becoming a Diplômé in Kinshasa. Education at the Intersection of Politics and Urban Livelihoods

Like other cities around the globe where the state organizes exams, Kinshasa’s exétat shows the degree to which social difference and urban livelihood are intimately connected. However, despite the assumption that diplômés master book knowledge, recent changes in the practice of the exétat have transformed the meaning of a diplômé, turning that figure into a yankee, i.e., someone who possesses street knowledge that comes from experience with the informal and the illegal. More abstractly, the identity of a diplômé has become a signifier for the opposite of its taken-for-granted signified. Kinois society publicly acclaims the social and cultural capital attached to school degrees; however, most recent diplômés have obtained their degree through bribes and organized cheating.