Master-apprentice Relationship Research Articles

장애·비장애학생 그리고 느린학습자의 통합과 소통을 위한 찾아가는 버스킹(퓨전 합창) 사례연구

Objectives This study intended to perform ‘Busking Outreach’ for the integration and communication of students with/without handicaps and slow learners three times and examine the results in a qualitative case study. Methods The choir practiced two hours a week for the first busking on the way to ?? Elementary School from May 7 to June 5, 2023, the second at the plaza, and the third at an institute from October 13 to December 6, 2023. Fourteen people participated in the study, including ten major and subsidiary participants comprising the audience and parents. The experiences and changes in students and the audience were examined using specific cases in a qualitative case study through the ‘Busking Outreach’. Data were collected mainly through in-depth interviews while practicing the ‘Busking Outreach’ through 25 sessions, and participation observations were used as subsidiary data. For the fidelity and validity of the qualitative study, peer review, triangulation, and expert meetings were used. Results First, at the ‘Becoming the Embers of Hope,’ a resting place on the way to school, was a performance stu-dents anticipated, and its effect lingered even after the busking. Encouraged by the first busking, encore busking was held at the plaza and an institute. Second, the Hunt for Treasure Hidden in the Integrated Education was a total disaster due to the disharmony between ‘You’ and ‘I,’ the conflict between students with/without handicaps and slow learners, and the negative responses from parents and the school. At the Hunt for Hidden Jewels, ‘Us,’ the idea of ‘difference’ was incorporated into the study, and ‘Uniqueness ’ became a motive to display the hidden potentials of students with/without handicaps and slow learners. At the Integrated Education to Harmonize Learning into Heart, students broke preconceptions and created a harmonious atmosphere unlike before. The ‘uniqueness’ found in ‘diversity’ helped rebuild the relationship and form friendliness between students without handicaps and became a chance to increase self-esteem by expanding their view of themselves. Third. Writing a Letter through the ‘Busking Outreach,’ the harmony, ‘created by the Fusion Choir and the ‘audience,’ resulted in a virtuous cycle through musical communion and empathy. By delivering the message of music with the language of hands (sign language), it is con-firmed that music can become a stronger medium for communication and empathy than language. The realization of the virtuous cycle of sharing achieved through music lets everyone, including students, parents, and the audience, become’ and enjoy culture and art, bringing more-than-expected outcomes. The New Leap gave a chance to chal-lenge students, parents, and the audience to give wings to their potential in the world of music. At the Educators, the Reason for Their Existence, the difficulties felt while performing busking had positive turns and became a val-uable experience for all, changing the teacher-student relationship to the master-apprentice relationship. Conclusions The Busking Outreach for the integration and communication of students with/without handicaps and slow learners became a chance to make challenges, which gave wings of potential to students, parents, and the audience in the world of music by realizing the virtuous cycle of sharing that achieved integration through music. This study is significant as there were no previous studies on integrated music education, and there have been an increasing number of studies on slow learners recently. This study is deemed to become a base for and play a role in implementing integrated music education.

Evolution and Literacy Transmission of the Suona Ensemble in Southwest Shandong Province, China

This study focuses on the evolution and literacy transmission of the Suona ensemble in Southwest Shandong Province, China, which encompasses a rich tapestry of traditional and modern educational methods spanning familial inheritance, master-apprentice relationships, self-study, and formal training schools. Drawing on interviews with key informants and historical analysis, this study delves into the intricate web of practices that have shaped the evolution and preservation of Suona music over the centuries. From the oral traditions of family transmission to the structured curriculum of training schools, each method has played a vital role in sustaining this cherished cultural heritage and facilitating literacy transmission in music education. Despite facing challenges such as limited access to formal education and the scarcity of written scores, Suona artists have demonstrated remarkable resilience, adapting to societal changes while maintaining the essence of their craft. As economic growth and cultural shifts reshape rural communities, the demand for Suona ensemble music continues to grow, prompting innovations in teaching and learning methods. Through a blend of tradition and innovation, Suona ensemble music remains a vibrant and enduring expression of Chinese folk culture, enriching the lives of both practitioners and audiences alike.

An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Internalization and Externalization of Chinese Wushu Tacit Knowledge Transfer

In view of the unclear relationship between internalization and externalization of current martial arts knowledge, and the unclear interaction mechanism, this study firstly analyzes the master-apprentice model of martial arts dissemination, and then uses the questionnaire survey method, factor analysis method and structural equation model method to discuss The relationship between master-apprentice relationship, master’s ability to transmit knowledge, apprentice’s ability to receive knowledge, organizational culture and its characteristics, and the relationship between the tacit degree of martial arts knowledge and the internalization and externalization effects of tacit knowledge transfer, the internalization effect of martial arts tacit knowledge is obtained with influence on externalizing effects. The conclusion is that in the process of Wushu tacit knowledge transfer, the degree of internalization of tacit knowledge has a positive impact on the degree of externalization, and it is also affected by the master’s ability to send knowledge, the apprentice’s ability to accept knowledge, and the transfer environment.

Transmission, cultural significance, and social dynamics of the Ti-Tzu Ten-Hole bamboo flute in Sichuan Province, China

This study examines the transmission, cultural significance, and social dynamics of the Ti-Tzu ten-hole bamboo flute in Sichuan Province, China. Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach that includes ethnomusicology, anthropology, and social science perspectives, the research explores how this traditional instrument is taught, practiced, and preserved. Data were collected through interviews, participant observation, and archival research, focusing on formal education, master-apprentice relationships, and community engagement. The findings reveal that the Ti-Tzu flute symbolizes cultural identity and heritage, deeply embedded in local narratives and communal practices. The study also highlights modernization's dual role, which presents challenges and opportunities for the tradition's revitalization. Technological integration and global engagement have expanded the reach of the Ti-Tzu tradition, attracting new audiences and practitioners. Support from family, community, and institutions is crucial for sustaining the tradition and fostering intergenerational transmission and cultural pride. This research underscores the dynamic interplay between tradition and modernity, ensuring that the Ti-Tzu ten-hole bamboo flute inspires and resonates with future generations as a vibrant symbol of Chinese cultural heritage.

중국에서 문화지리학의 태동과 발전

Examining the emergence and development of cultural geography in China, this study aims to identify major researchers and research trends by generation and to identify major research bases and characteristics by region as well. For these purposes, we tracked the master-apprentice relationship of scholars who published cultural geographical studies in major geographical journals in China. According to the generation classification, scholars could be divided into five generations in this study. Geographical study of culture started in the Huadong region centered on Nanjing University was found to be divided into two bases: Beijing and Guangzhou. Although it is nearly 100 years since geographical study of culture emerged in China, cultural geography was firstly introduced to universities as a course by the third generation scholars in the mid-1980s, shortly after the Chinese economic reform. Leading the research from the late 1990s to the late 2010s, the fourth generation had contributed to the transition from ‘historical and cultural geography’ that inherited from earlier generations to ‘social and cultural geography’. The fifth generation, who began academic activities in the 2010s, has switched to ‘social and cultural geography.’ We argue that ‘institutional sustainability’ and ‘critical mind on issues in China’ are the tasks of Chinese cultural geography.

Craftsmen in the Transfer of Cultural Memory: The Case of Safranbolu Demirciler Çarşısı

Bir toplumdaki normlar, gelenekler, inanışlar ve yaşam biçimlerinin tümünü kapsayan kültür, ortak değerlere dair birliktelik içermektedir. Kültüre ait anlamlar dizisinin sonraki kuşaklara aktarımıyla oluşan kültürel bellek, sözlü kültür ve yazılı kültür ögeleriyle inşa edilmektedir. Tekrarlama, canlandırma ve hatırlama unsurlarıyla biçimlenerek atasözleri ve deyimlerle sürdürülen kültürel bellek, destanlar ve anılarla geçmişi bugüne bağlamakta, ritüellerle belirgin hale gelmektedir. Kentler, mekânsal ögeleri anısal olarak bünyesinde taşıyarak o toplumdaki hayat biçimi, sosyal ve ekonomik düzene dair imgeler barındırmaktadır. Kentin hafızası mekânsal unsurlarla nitelik kazanmakta, imgelerin taşıdıkları anlamlar itibarıyla farklı zaman dilimlerinde çeşitli tekrarlamalarla evirilerek diri tutulmaktadır. Türk kültüründe tarihsel süreç içerisinde çeşitli efsane, mit, inanış ve anlatılara konu olan demir, kültürel bellekteki mühim bir olgu olarak yer almakta ve kültürel belleğin aktarıcıları olarak demirciler usta-çırak ilişkisi dahilinde kültürel bellek aktarımını gerçekleştirmesi yönünden varlık göstermektedir. Başta demircilik olmak üzere birçok zanaata ev sahipliği yapan ve 1994‘te UNESCO Dünya Miras Listesi’ne alınan Safranbolu, kültürel belleğin temsili konusunda araştırma yapılacak bir kent sahasıdır. Çalışmada, 1796’da Safranbolu’da kurulan Demirciler Çarşısı’ndaki ustalarla görüşülerek demirin ve demircilerin Türk kültüründe taşıdığı ehemmiyet kültürel bellek bağlamında incelemiştir. Durum çalışması uygulanarak demircilerin ifade edegeldikleri unsurlar tetkik edilmiş, kültürel belleğin aktarıcıları olarak demircilerin zanaatlarını devam ettirdikleri çarşıda, meslek geleneklerini yeniden inşa süreciyle sağladıkları anlaşılmıştır.

Teacher Mentoring: Definitions, Expectations and Experiences from International EFL Teachers

This study aims to investigate pre- and in-service EFL teachers' definitions, expectations, and experiences concerning teacher mentoring. The study sample included EFL teachers from 41 countries: 49 pre-service and 187 in-service EFL teachers teaching at various levels from kindergarten to university. A qualitative research design was employed throughout the study. Data were collected via a questionnaire-based survey and semi-structured interviews. For the analysis of this qualitative data, an in-depth thematic analysis was conducted. Overall, the findings suggest that most of the participants found their mentoring experiences positive. In addition, the participants defined teacher mentoring as a master-apprentice relationship, problem-solving, assisting teachers, and collaboration among them. The study also points out that teachers have different expectations about the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes from teacher mentoring. The study's findings have important implications for teacher mentors in EFL teacher training. Implications include, among others, that designing teacher mentoring based on context and needs instead of a master apprenticeship would promote their professional development. Apart from that, the active participation of the stakeholders, such as school directors, would better facilitate the teacher-mentoring process.

STARTING THE VIOLIN TRAINING

The purpose of this study is to make a training guide book by emphasizing the importance of the basic technical hardware of the violin and the importance of the start-up phase. The reason why the focus is especially on the start-up phase is that certain obstacles and mistakes occurring in the advanced stages are the ones which have been ignored, learned and/or taught during this phase. In this study, playing techniques in parallel with the physical changes of the violin from the past to today are mentioned and the study has been corroborated with the images in order to be comprehensive about the development process of being the violin performer. Since violin training is a type of master-apprentice relationship, by making use of the experiences of important violinists and violin masters, a lot of elements have been included in this study to raise awareness of both the teacher and the student. Holding and posture experiences in the study have been exemplified so as to provide the most physically-comfortable way of playing based on modern violin playing techniques. The important steps in violin training such as the adaptation of the student to the instrument, the relationship of the teacher and the student, first sessions, holding, posture and the experience of the first concert have been explained in detail. The data, obtained by the literatüre review, has been evaluated qualitatively and synthesized with the personal experiences of the auther, who is also a vioin educator. The study is considered important in terms of its usage in the violin training curriculum.

Co-assessment among language teachers

This paper reports on a case study of online co-assessment practices among teachers of minoritized languages in the so-called Mother Tongue (MT) subject in Sweden. These co-assessments, involving both qualified and unqualified teachers, have not previously been investigated, despite the strong emphasis on co-assessment practices in the Swedish school. The data was collected both for a master’s thesis project (see unpublished thesis, Caliolo, 2021) and for the sake of this paper. On the basis of interactional analyses of three co-assessments and four teacher interviews, our aim was to contribute new knowledge on co-assessment within this institutional frame regarding how the two teacher roles in a master-apprentice relationship were produced through interaction. The scripted frame included a collaborative act of matching assessment criteria to student performance, through the authorized teacher’s controlling moves (Linell, 1990, p. 161). The authorized teachers used their roles as experts to ask clarifying questions and to orient the dialogue toward the stated standards (cf. directive moves, Linell, 1990), but also to provide space for teacher reflections through an interactional balancing act. A challenge was identified in terms of better integrating teacher experience and of providing better opportunities to co-assess with teachers who teach the same language, which allows for a closer focus on aspects of teaching. The study points to a need for further critical inquiry into these assessment practices, which undergird increasing equal educational opportunities for multilingual students, and how interpretations of current standards are linked to student performance in similar language learning contexts.

An analysis of the polyphonic Georgian folk song “Maqruli” performed by Machakheli Seniors’ Ensemble

Songs performed by Machakheli Seniors Ensemble have survived from past to present through oral tradition. In this study, the polyphonic vocal style of Machakheli Seniors Ensemble that is transferred to younger generations through master–apprentice relationship was analysed. In this study, the polyphonic vocal style of Machakheli Seniors Ensemble that is transferred to younger generations through master – apprentice relationship was analysed over the song “Maqruli” performed by the ensemble. In addition to the musical terms and concepts of general music theory, Georgian folk music employs various traditional terms. Basic terms such as Modzakhili, Meore Khma, Bani functionally determine the mission of the voice in Georgian language and its function within the musical structure. The song “Maqruli” performed by Machakheli Seniors Ensemble was analysed through these terms and also a descriptive linguistic analysis in terms of syllabic meter, rhyme and thematic integrity was conducted. As a result of the literature review conducted, no written source conveying the vocal performance practices of Machakheli Seniors Ensemble was found. The aim of this study was to analyse the existing performance practices of Machakheli Seniors Ensemble both technically and historically. In this article, qualitative data collection methods such as observation, interview and document analysis were used. It may be predicted that more researches are to be conducted on the subject in the future. Machakheli Seniors Ensemble should be given a range of priorities in order for the them to transfers the songs voiced by Machakheli Seniors Ensemble and the polyphonic vocal tradition. It is anticipated that it will be appropriate, with the support of associations and municipalities in the region, to create a training model in which choirs will be formed and they will be regularly trained on the polyphonic singing tradition by the members of Machakheli Seniors Ensemble in order to ensure its continuity. It is essential for educational materials to include cultural values and singing tradition of Machakheli Valley for intergenerational transfer. Socio-culturally evaluating the region of Machakheli Valley that straddles the border of Turkey and Georgia, researchers may conduct studies in context of the shared and diverging musical practices of the two countries.

Let’s play together: teacher perspectives on collaborative chamber music instruction

ABSTRACT This article reports on a pilot project exploring the viability of a teaching-through-playing approach in chamber music instruction in higher music education. Literature suggests that teaching traditions such as the one-to-one setting need renewal, and socio-cultural theories of learning propose that collaboration and participation are a way forward. To explore this new approach, a multiple case study of four chamber music groups with teachers as playing participants was set up in two institutions in Australia and Norway. Participants were interviewed to examine their attitudes, use of teaching and learning strategies, and perceived challenges and benefits of the approach. The findings suggest that working with professionals in a community of practice in a real-life setting intensifies and broadens learning of musical, social and general skills relevant for chamber music performance. However, the study revealed challenges regarding power relations that need to be resolved. In conclusion, the approach seems to be a promising supplement to existing teaching traditions. The master-apprentice model is through this approach re-imagined as a master-apprentice relationship of guided participation. The guidance comes from social partners’ feedback and from the hands-on involvement in and observation of the action culture of chamber music performance demonstrated as a professional practice.

SHEPHERD THEME IN TURKISH PAINTING ART

Shepherding, with a rooted past as the human history, has become an occupation, learned and practiced based upon master-apprentice relationship by people growing up in countryside, which is seen and heard from childhood, providing more or less knowledge about it. Pasturing, watering, herding and selecting the place of pasture and sheltering for the animal herds are related with the knowledge, will and experience of the shepherd and therefore seen as an important occupation in Turkish culture. Cultural riches, customs and traditions are important elements, which create the existence and memory of the community and forge a link between people. One of these elements which create cultural riches is traditional occupations. When Turkish painting art is examined, it is seen that cultural riches, customs and traditions and traditional occupations are often referred. Shepherd occupation, which carries a significant role among traditional occupations, is addressed in many art branches such as paintings, novels and poetry and interpreted in various styles by artists, in every era of Turkish painting art. The aim of this study is to explain the importance of shepherd occupation which carry a significant role in Turkish culture and social life; to analyze the Works of Turkish painters from an aesthetic point and to show how it is reflected to the Turkish painting art. Literature review and work examination was conducted within qualitative research method. The works of artists who lived in various eras of Turkish painting art were examined and analyzed in order to reach a conclusion. Keywords: Shepherd, turkish painting art, art, painting

A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF MIDWIFERY EDUCATION AND PROFESSION FROM HISTORY TO TODAY

Doğum günümüze kadar insanlığın varoluşu ve devamlılığı için önemini korumuştur. Doğumda kadınların en büyük yardımcısı olan ebelerin, doğumu yönetmek ve doğum yapan kadını psikolojik olarak rahatlatmak gibi rolleri bulunmaktadır. Eski çağlarda eğitim almadan geleneksel olarak usta-çırak ilişkisi ile yürütülen ebelik, günümüzde bilimsel profesyonel bir meslek olarak yürütülmektedir. Türkiye’de ebelik eğitimi, sağlık hizmetlerinde yaşanan gelişmeler, sağlık politikaları çerçevesinde şekillenmiştir. Bu derleme, ebelik eğitimi ve mesleğinde günümüze kadar olan değişim ve gelişimini ortaya koymak amacıyla yazılmıştır.

Numérisation, retour et circulation des enregistrements sonores chez les Bora d’Amazonie colombienne

This paper aims to present and discuss a case of return (or repatriation) of sound files among the Bora in the Colombian Amazon. Particular emphasis will be given to the ritual songs. Thus, we will examine how these song files have returned to their original places, as well as the access arrangements that affect them and how they are currently used. Such ethnographic data will reveal essential questions about the transmission of knowledge and the master-apprentice relationship. Following recent discussions on sound repatriation, I will discuss how new technologies can, on the one hand, rekindle relationships and help recover lost content but, on the other hand, might cause sickness and danger.

The Small-Scale Treatment Plant Industry: Institutional Features of Companies, Problems and Functionality of Small-Scale Treatment Systems.

The purposes of this study is to show the corporate characteristics of companies which have been operating in the fields of small-scale treatment plants' (SSTPs') design, construction, and installation processes, and to exhibit findings/perceptions of company employees on issues such as the initial investment and operating costs, common production and operating problems, the functionality of the small-scale treatment systems and the added value they provide to their customers' facilities. As a result of this study, it was determined that when the personnel participating in the survey were directly trained and recruited by the companies, which is generally the case, their training includes more practical methods and their experiences are shaped by the master-apprentice relationships in the sector. Regarding water treatment in SSTPs, the companies surveyed opted for traditional methods such as reverse osmosis and coagulation-flocculation, and preferred to use traditional biological treatment units-continuous flow or sequencing batch reactors (SBRs)- in wastewater treatment. In favor of businesses in need of water and wastewater management systems, the surveyed company employees have considered SSTPs as a successful, competitive advantage in the industry by maintaining low initial investment and operational costs while fulfilling the relevant environmental legal obligations. After examining the data regarding the opinions of company employees about SSTPs, it was found that there is a very significant relationship between the problems experienced during the installation/construction process and the problems during their operation.

Sağlığın Dönüşümünde Hemşire İnsan Gücü

Sürekli büyüyen sağlık sektörünün en önemli kaynaklarından birini sağlık insan gücü oluşturmaktadır. Sağlık hizmetlerinin örgütlenmesinden ve sunumundan sorumlu olan Sağlık Bakanlığı toplumun sağlığı açısından en önemli işveren konumundadır. Sağlık insan gücünün yetiştirilmesinde eğitimin niteliği önemli olup özellikle hata kabul etmeyen sağlık hizmeti sunumu açısından çok daha özen gösterilmesi gereken bir konudur. Hemşire gereksinimini karşılamak üzere niteliğine dikkat edilmeden yürütülen eğitim programlarından mezun olan hemşirelerin istihdam edilmesi durumunda, sağlık hizmetinin niteliği ve kalitesi önemli ölçüde etkilenecektir. Yetersiz hemşire insan gücünün yarattığı eksiklik, çoğu zaman diğer hemşireler tarafından giderilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu durum, hemşirelik işlevlerini ve rollerini önemli ölçüde etkilemekte, hemşirelik mesleğinin profesyonellikten uzaklaşmasına, hemşireliğin usta çırak ilişkisi ile öğrenilen bir işe dönüşmesine neden olmaktadır. Son dönemde yaşanan ekonomik krizler ve sağlık politikalarının etkisiyle, sağlık mesleklerine olan talep giderek artmaktadır.İstihdam politikalarında ise var olan talebin karşılanmasına yönelik istenen nitelikte iş olanağının sağlanması gerekmektedir. Sağlık insan gücü yetiştiren ve istihdam eden kurumlar arasında uyumlu insangücü planlaması yapılmasına gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, hemşire insan gücü açısından istihdam, eğitim ve profesyonellik bileşenleri sağlık alanındaki değişim açısından değerlendirilmiştir.

BAĞLAMA ÇALGISINDA NOTA-İCRA FARKLILIKLARINA SEBEP OLAN ETKENLER

Bağlama, çok eski bir geçmişe sahip olmakla birlikte geçmişten günümüze çeşitli değişimlere uğrayarak gelişimini sürdürmüştür. Bu süre zarfında, bağlama icrası da şekillenmiştir. Günümüzde ise bağlamada çeşitli icra şekillerine rastlanmaktadır. Bağlamadaki bu icra çeşitliliğinin birçok açıdan problemlere yol açtığı görülmektedir. Araştırmada, bağlama icrasındaki nota-icra farklılıklarına sebep olan etkenlerin tespitine yönelik çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Araştırma durum tespiti yapmaya yönelik olup betimsel bir özellik sergilemektedir. Araştırmada, yazılı ve dijital kaynak taraması ve içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak bağlama icrasındaki nota-icra farklılıklarının; yöresel üslup ve tavır özellikleri, usta icracılar tarafından geliştirilen yeni icra teknikleri, bağlama icrası öğrenimindeki/öğretimindeki usta-çırak ilişkisi, bağlama icrasına yönelik müzik eğitimi verilen kurum veya kuruluşlarda ortak metodolojik yöntemlerin kullanılmaması vb. gibi etkenlerden kaynaklandığı tespit edilmiş ve bu tespitlerden hareketle bağlama çalgısında nota-icra farklılıklarının giderilmesine yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.

Metallic Embroidery and Masters of Thread-Breaking as an Example of Cultural Heritage in Turkish Handicrafts

One of the most important elements that give the insight to ensure identity and dimension to the societies is the tradition of handicrafts. These valuable traditions, which have been inherited from generation to generation until today, are now on the verge of extinction because of globalization and developments in production technologies. Local, national and international precautions have been taken by today’s societies to sustain and protect these valuable traditions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the past, present, and future of the art of thread-breaking (a specific type of metallic embroidery named ‘Bartin isi’) which is one of the valuable Turkish traditional handicrafts. For this purpose, five embroidery masters who perform this traditional art were interviewed with semi-structural interview forms. According to the findings obtained through these processes: Metallic embroidery masters learnt this art out of curiosity with internal motivation, they performed this art within the frame of neighborhood culture, the art is usually learnt through observations and trial-and-error processes rather than master-apprentice relationship and there have been changes over time in the variety of the instruments and motifs used in the making of these embroideries and the areas of use. On the other hand, it was observed that the art of metallic embroidery has been mostly performed by individuals over middle age and today the young show little interest in this art. Participants of the study emphasized that it is necessary to support and increase the local and international advertising and educational activities to popularize this valuable art tradition.

Ordu’da Körüklü Çizme ve Türkay Yavaş Ustanın Tekniği

Occupations that are transferred from one generation to the next in a master-apprentice relationship are called traditional occupations. The most important point in determining traditional occupations is whether the profession is based on handicrafts. In this regard, making accordion boots, which require a specialized knowledge and great effort, is among traditional occupations. In this article, a long and tiring journey to Kusadasi due to the absence of those who used to do this profession in Ordu and the Black Sea Region, the efforts made to learn the profession there, and Turkay Usta (master), who had a leading role in keeping the tradition of accordion boots in Ordu, and how he makes these boots are explained. With the efforts of Turkay Usta, the tradition of wearing accordion boots continue to be followed in highland festivals, local and seasonal ceremonies such as the Seventh of May festival, Hidirellez, horse races and weddings. Since the construction phase of accordion boots is very difficult and there are difficulties in finding and raising apprentices as it does not bring much income, Turkay Usta, who is the only master, or craftsman, in Ordu and even in the Black Sea, needs to be supported and evaluated in vocational training and it needs to be ensured that he takes part in traditional product sales places. Accordion bellows boots worn by horse breeders and horse riders are worn together with local clothes at highland festivals. These garment accessories and boots are the symbol of the nobility of wealthy people, formerly known as the network, with large lands. In this study, the story of a craftsman who has been trying hard to keep the tradition of accordion boot making and wearing alive and how accordion boots are made are examined considering and discussing the past and present of the tradition.

Sustainable Development of Hotel Food and Beverage Service Training: Learning Satisfaction with the Situated Cognitive Apprenticeship Approach

The main purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the cognitive apprenticeship teaching approach in food and beverage (F&B) service training courses on learning satisfaction. This study is a quasi-experimental research design conducted using pretest–post-test nonequivalent groups. Its research subjects are primarily new employees from the F&B departments of well-known five-star, high-end hotels in Taiwan who must undergo education and training. The new employees are divided into an experimental group and a control group for the eight-week teaching practicum. This study concludes that learning satisfaction achieved through the cognitive apprenticeship teaching approach during the F&B training course is superior to that achieved through the conventional teaching approach of lecturing. An innovative finding of the current research is that regardless of whether cognitive apprenticeship teaching is adopted, the master–apprentice relationship is the most important factor in the five-facet measurement of learning satisfaction. This point also explains why the cognitive apprenticeship approach is a suitable teaching and training strategy. The greatest contribution of this study is that it provides a direction for the application and sustainable development of hotel staff training and offers references for the improvement of future hotel training programs.