Massive Utilization Research Articles

Project Management in the Fourth Industrial Revolution

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (also referred to as Industry 4.0) is driven by a massive utilization of new technologies, such as robots, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, Quantum Computing and Quantum Communications, replacing humans by machines in certain tasks or the development of new or more efficient tasks. The Fourth Industrial Revolution is originating huge modifications in society and organizations. Human adaptation to the new paradigm is required, as it will have a high impact on jobs and on the required skills.

A hybrid network intrusion detection using darwinian particle swarm optimization and stacked autoencoder hoeffding tree.

Cybersecurity experts estimate that cyber-attack damage cost will rise tremendously. The massive utilization of the web raises stress over how to pass on electronic information safely. Usually, intruders try different attacks for getting sensitive information. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) plays a crucial role in identifying the data and user deviations in an organization. In this paper, stream data mining is incorporated with an IDS to do a specific task. The task is to distinguish the important, covered up information successfully in less amount of time. The experiment focuses on improving the effectiveness of an IDS using the proposed Stacked Autoencoder Hoeffding Tree approach (SAE-HT) using Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) for feature selection. The experiment is performed in NSL_KDD dataset the important features are obtained using DPSO and the classification is performed using proposed SAE-HT technique. The proposed technique achieves a higher accuracy of 97.7% when compared with all the other state-of-art techniques. It is observed that the proposed technique increases the accuracy and detection rate thus reducing the false alarm rate.

Big data to support Indonesian health system recovery from the pandemic: potential and challenges

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on the Indonesian health system. At the peak of the second wave, health care crises occurred in various regions, causing difficulties in accessing essential and emergency health services, accompanied by increased deaths in hospitals and self-isolation. Various efforts have been made to overcome the crisis, from providing field hospitals, adding facilities and infrastructure in hospitals, empowering health workers and volunteers, logistics, and implementing a massive digital system. In addition, strengthening in the upstream aspects starting from tracing, testing to health protocols is also continuously encouraged, along with the acceleration and expansion of vaccinations. The pandemic has encouraged massive utilization of digital systems in various aspects accompanied by an extraordinary increase in the volume of digital data in various types and quality. The critical question then is, what are the opportunities for big data to support the recovery of the health system affected by the pandemic? Likewise, what challenges must be overcome to make optimal use of big data so that the Indonesian health system can quickly recover, grow and become resilient again? To answer the questions above, we reviewed bibliographic databases, gray literature, media, and webinar recordings available online. Next, we group their potential based on the building blocks of the health system. Using the e-health framework from WHO-ITU, we categorize the main challenges of using big data into seven major groups: governance, strategy, data standards, interoperability, application, regulation, and human resources. We provide special notes on each aspect of these challenges along with priority follow-up steps. In the end, the Covid-19 pandemic provides essential lessons for the Indonesian health system to take advantage of digitalization, especially big data intelligently and creatively, to encourage the immediate recovery of the health system. However, several significant challenges need to be overcome so that big data can be utilized optimally to overcome this big global problem.

Green synthesis of Fe-ZnO nanoparticles with improved sunlight photocatalytic performance for polyethylene film deterioration and bacterial inactivation

Massive utilization and improper handling of plastics urge us to seek an applicable and efficient treatment method to reduce the plastic wastes. Herein, iron-doped ZnO (Fe-ZnO) nanoparticle was synthesized via a hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf-assisted green method, and subsequently employed for low density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic degradation as well as Escherichia coli (E. coli) inactivation under sunlight irradiation. Myriad characterization techniques were used to investigate the structural, optical and electronic properties of green synthesized samples. The weight loss results presented that the photocatalytic performance of the LDPE/Fe-ZnO film was higher than those of pure LDPE and LDPE/un-doped ZnO films. The Fe-ZnO (2 wt%) nanoparticle demonstrated a greater photocatalytic deterioration of LDPE owing to its boosted optical absorption and the effective suppression of photogenerated charge carriers. The presence of carbonyl groups as the degradation product of LDPE was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images also witnessed the formation of pores at the interface between polymer matrix and Fe-ZnO. Additionally, the LDPE/Fe-ZnO film exhibited an obvious antibacterial effect against E. coli as compared to LDPE/un-doped ZnO film. The current work put forward the construction of eco-friendly photocatalyst as a green strategy to tackle the challenges of plastic pollution.

Influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on enantioselective bioaccumulation and oxidative stress toxicity of indoxacarb in zebrafish(Danio rerio)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely used in various fields with the rapid development of nanotechnology. Pesticides have an irreplaceable role in agricultural production, which leads to their massive utilization and their inevitably penetrate into the aquatic environment. However, limited information is available regarding the impact of CNTs on the toxicity and enrichment of chiral compounds to organisms. Using zebrafish as a model to study whether the enantioselective bioaccumulation and oxidative stress of chiral pollutants may be altered in the presence of MWCNTs. Significant enantioselective bioaccumulation was observed in zebrafish with the preferential accumulation of R-(−)-indoxacarb during the 28-day bioaccumulation. The combined exposure of MWCNTs does not affect the enantioselectivity of zebrafish bioaccumulation, but increase the bioaccumulation amount of R-(−)-indoxacarb by 65%. Moreover, the average degradation half-life of indoxacarb enantiomers was 1.30 days. The indoxacarb causes oxidative stress toxicity in zebrafish liver and exhibited enantioselectivity, while the addition of MWCNTs did not significantly change the enantioselectivity of oxidative stress toxicity of indoxacarb, but enhanced the toxicity 20% with increased MWCNTs concentrations. This study suggests that the risk of the co-presence of nanomaterials and chiral pesticides in aquatic environments should be taken into consideration.

Design of CuInS2 hollow nanostructures toward CO2 electroreduction

The sharp rise of CO2 in the atmosphere has become a potential threat to global climate, which results from the massive utilization of fossil fuel since the industry revolution. CO2 electroreduction provides us a new possibility of utilizing CO2 as a carbon feedstock for fuel and commercial chemicals generation. In this article, a new method is developed for synthesizing CuInS2 hollow nanostructures through the Kirkendall effect. The CuInS2 hollow nanostructures exhibit excellent catalytic activity for electrochemical reduction of CO2 with particular high selectivity, achieving high faradaic efficiency for HCOOH of 72.8% at −0.7 V. To elucidate the mechanisms, operando electrochemical Raman spectroscopy is employed to examine the CO2 reduction process. This work provides new insights into the design of hollow nanostructures toward electrocatalytic CO2 conversion and offers us an effective and reliable way for real-time investigation of electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction processes.

Current climate conditions and their impact on agricultural production in Stavropol Krai

Stavropol Krai is located within Ciscaucasia and has an area of 6,616 thousand ha. Massive utilization of the territory, associated with the increased man-induced impact on the environment, caused the aggravation of negative processes in the agroecosystems of the region. Throughout all agroclimatic zones of the region, air temperature tends to increase, which is illustrated by both linear and polynomial trends. In 2010 there was also a rise in air temperature. A warmer spell, notably during the effective vegetation period, led to the precipitation falling in the form of short-term intense showers that generally contribute to erosion advancing. Given the prior climate conditions, the studies resulted in the arrangement of cultivated land, based on its agricultural validity, into four categories in hectares and percent of the area of agricultural land.

Preparation of sulfoaluminate cementitious material using harmful titanium gypsum: material properties and heavy metal immobilization characteristics

The production of titanium dioxide (a necessary industrial color additive) can generate massive amount of titanium gypsum, a hard-to-treat solid waste. Diverse metallic impurities, heavy metals and reddish color in titanium gypsum make it difficult to be used in building materials like other by-product gypsums. As a result, most of titanium gypsum in China is just stored and has caused serious environmental issues. In this study, titanium gypsum, which contained high contents of impurities and heavy metals, was synergistically used with other three solid wastes to prepare sulfoaluminate cementitious material (SACM) for the first time. The mass proportion of titanium gypsum in the raw materials exceeded 25%. The chemical, mechanical and heavy metal leaching characteristics of this solid waste-based SACM were tested via XRD, XRF, ICP-OES, etc. The main components and metallic impurities of titanium gypsum could be transformed to the components of the main mineral of SACM, ye'elimite. The compressive strength of the prepared SACM reached 38.2, 59.7 and 95.8 MPa at 1-day, 3-day, and 28-day hydration, respectively, indicating the features of rapidly hardening and high strength. Importantly, the solid waste-based SACM could effectively solidify the heavy metals contained in titanium gypsum and other raw material during thje hydration process. The retention ratio of total Cr reached 97.5%, and other heavy metals were almost not detected in the leachate of SACM. This study provided a feasible approach to utilize titanium gypsum to produce high-performance, green building material, and might promote the massive utilization of this solid waste.

Polymeric Aromatic Amines As Promising Cathode Materials for Dual-Ion Batteries

The rapidly growing demand for portable electronics and electric vehicles together with the increasing role of renewable energy sources dictate new requirements for the performance characteristics and environmental friendliness of electrochemical energy storage devices for mobile and stationary applications. Despite the lithium-ion batteries have occupied a dominant position on the market of high-capacity and high-power energy storage devices for decades, their capabilities seem limited to meet the current market trends. The reason for this is a potential depletion of lithium reserves, which will lead to higher prices for lithium-containing electrode materials. The difficulties with recycling also make a significant contribution to the overall set of problems associated with massive utilization of Li+ intercalation compounds.In the view of the aforementioned reasons, there is a growing interest in the development of post-lithium energy storage devices, including Na+-, K+-ion, dual-ion, redox-flow and other battery technologies. In this regard, dual-ion systems deserve special attention due to a favorable combination of their performance characteristics such as high charge/discharge current rates, moderate specific capacities of electrode materials, high operation voltages and environmental friendliness.Dual-carbon batteries are the most extensively studied due to the availability and low cost of electrode materials. However, their serious drawbacks such as high cutoff voltage (above 5 V)[1,2] leading to the rapid electrolyte degradation, and the low specific capacity on the cathode side (<110 mAh/g)[2] encourage researchers for the development of alternative cathode materials.Polymeric aromatic amines represent very promising replacement for carbon-based cathode materials in dual-ion batteries because of their optimal discharge potentials (3—4 V), the ability to operate at high charge/discharge current rates (up to 300 C)[3], impressive specific capacities in lithium cells (up to 185 mAh/g)[4] and compatibility with potassium and sodium systems and even aqueous electrolytes.Herein, we report a comprehensive study of a large group of novel polymeric materials based on aromatic amines with high theoretical specific capacities (>160 mAh/g). In particular, we designed polymeric cathodes, which can operate efficiently at high current rates (100C) while demonstrating still high specific capacities (84 mAh/g).[5] Since dual-ion batteries involve the usage of large amounts of electrolyte salt, the development of cheaper and more concentrated electrolyte formulations is of crucial importance. In that context, the application of concentrated solution of KPF6 in diglyme[6] as an electrolyte allowed us to assemble potassium batteries with the cathode energy densities of up to 593 Wh/kg.[7] To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest value yet reported for cathodes used in potassium batteries.Considering the outstanding power densities demonstrated for polyamine-based cathodes, their further molecular design and optimization coupled with the development of improved electrolytes are expected to deliver cheap and eco-friendly ultrafast batteries, which are of special interest in the view of multiple applications including grid-scale energy storage and especially “electric push” devices emerging at the interface between the metal-ion batteries and supercapacitors.[8] This study was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project 19-33-90233.

Study on the Migration Characteristics of Sulfur and Nitrogen during Combustion of Oil Sludge with CaO Additive

Oil sludge (OS) is a typical hazardous waste from the petrochemical industry. Currently, the increasing ratio of high-sulfur crude oil worldwide that results in the growth production of OS with high sulfur content has drawn much attention. OS incineration with calcium-based additives has great potential to be an efficient and clean approach for the large-scale treatment of high-sulfur-containing OS. In this work, the migration characteristics of sulfur and nitrogen during OS combustion with CaO additives were investigated by an online thermogravimetric-mass spectroscopy-Fourier transform infrared (TG-MS-FTIR) spectroscopy system and a fluidized combustion reactor system, respectively. Results indicated that CaO significantly reduced the emissions of SO2 and NOx during fluidized combustion of OS, and the minerals in OS and CO2 in the flue gas affected the utilization efficiency of CaO additive. The sulfur fixation capacity by CaO decreased with the increase of combustion temperature and almost completely failed at 1100 °C. The capacity of CaO to reduce NOx emission increased first followed by a decrease with the increase of combustion temperature. Furthermore, CaO significantly promoted the conversion of HCN to other nitrogen-containing gases, which can promote the production of NO by the precursors (HCN and NH3) and the reduction reaction of NO to N2. To the best of our knowledge, there is still not an efficient and clean technology for large-scale treatment of OS in China. This study is helpful for the massive utilization of high-sulfur-containing OS.

Masonry and render mortars with tyre rubber as aggregate: Fresh state rheology and hardened state performances

This work shows how it is possible to tailor cement-rubber composites suitable as renders and masonry mortars with a reduced liquid water absorption. Recycled tyre rubber is used as aggregate in mixture with siliceous sand and its content is tuned in order to limit depletion of mechanical properties and, at the same time, ensure a sufficiently massive utilization of this secondary raw material. An extended investigation of the properties both at the fresh and hardened state is conducted. We show that presence of rubber sensitively reduces fluidity (hence workability) of the mortar. In particular, rubber modifies rheological properties such as thixotropy and dynamic torque, while does not affect viscosity. Overall, the fresh state properties are compatible with the casting and application of these mortar typologies, even for the highest rubber content (20–25% by volume). This rubber content is shown to be sufficient to ensure, just after few days of curing, an almost complete abatement of water drop absorption, specific functionality of these novel and more sustainable mortars.

ANALYSIS OF MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSES UTILIZATION IN EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF A UNIVERSITY BASED ON SPECIALITY «PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION»

The article deals with the question of massive open online courses utilization in educational process of higher education institutions; the background for the courses implementation is analysed, advantages and disadvantages of their utilization to provide distant component of educational process are estimated. In the framework of the research on peculiarities of MOOCs implementation in electronic learning courses in Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University a survey was hold for students of the specialty “Pre-school education” of the second (Master’s) level, where 50 respondents, who completed massive open online courses during their study, took part. According to the result of the survey it was defined that the majority of the students (from 68% to 78% depending on the course) were completely satisfied with the format of study and consider it one of the ways for their professional development in the future. The article describes the difficulties faced by the students in the process of work with MOOCs; possible ways to overcome them were defined. Accordance of possibilities provided with massive open online courses with the requests of modern students to the ways of extracurricular learning implementation was analysed. Positive aspects of the courses utilization as a part of electronic learning courses were highlighted including motivational factor about completing corresponding MOOCs. In addition, the question of readiness of academics to use massive open online courses in their professional activities was taken into consideration. Lecturers of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University were surveyed; the results showed that only 30% of teaching staff had previous experience of using MOOCs in educational process, however, around 80% of respondents are interested in further study and practical utilization of such resources.

Effects of Sauropus androgynus extract and its combination with ampicillin against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An in vitro study

Background and Aim: The massive utilization of antibiotics has increased resistant genes produced by bacteria. Many bacteria, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), have become resistant against ampicillin (AMP). The combination of an herbal extract with AMP is expected to generate synergistic effects and may restore the susceptibility of MRSA against AMP. This study aimed to analyze the potency of Sauropus androgynous extract (SAE) as a single extract and combination with AMP against MRSA. Materials and Methods: Sauropus androgynous was extracted using 60% ethanol. SAE biochemical compounds were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. SAE, AMP, and SAE+AMP were tested against MRSA isolates to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and fractional inhibitory concentration. The inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins 2a (PBP2a) was analyzed using a latex agglutination test. Further, the disruptive membrane effects of SAE, AMP, and SAE+AMP were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. The analysis of data was conducted using SPSS version 16 with p=0.01. Results: SAE contained bioactive compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids. Further, 2 mg/mL of SAE could be used as the potential concentration against MRSA isolates in vitro. In addition, the utilization of SAE+AMP generated synergistic effects, restored the susceptibility of isolates against AMP, decreased the synthesis of PBP2a by the MRSA, and induced ultrastructural changes in the bacterial membrane. Conclusion: This study indicated that the utilization of SAE potentially inhibits the growth of MRSA through decreasing of PBP2a expression, disruption of the MRSA membrane, while the combination of SAE+AMP showed synergistic effects against MRSA.

Bio-Inspired Network Security for 5G-Enabled IoT Applications

Every IPv6-enabled device connected and communicating over the Internet forms the Internet of things (IoT) that is prevalent in society and is used in daily life. This IoT platform will quickly grow to be populated with billions or more objects by making every electrical appliance, car, and even items of furniture smart and connected. The 5th generation (5G) and beyond networks will further boost these IoT systems. The massive utilization of these systems over gigabits per second generates numerous issues. Owing to the huge complexity in large-scale deployment of IoT, data privacy and security are the most prominent challenges, especially for critical applications such as Industry 4.0, e-healthcare, and military. Threat agents persistently strive to find new vulnerabilities and exploit them. Therefore, including promising security measures to support the running systems, not to harm or collapse them, is essential. Nature-inspired algorithms have the capability to provide autonomous and sustainable defense and healing mechanisms. This paper first surveys the 5G network layer security for IoT applications and lists the network layer security vulnerabilities and requirements in wireless sensor networks, IoT, and 5G-enabled IoT. Second, a detailed literature review is conducted with the current network layer security methods and the bio-inspired techniques for IoT applications exchanging data packets over 5G. Finally, the bio-inspired algorithms are analyzed in the context of providing a secure network layer for IoT applications connected over 5G and beyond networks.

Recovery of Iron Values from Discarded Iron Ore Slimes

The ever-increasing demand for steel and the subsequent depletion of high-grade ores requires the massive utilization of low-grade iron ores. In the present study, an iron ore slime sample containing 56.1% Fe was investigated using physical beneficiation, carbothermal reduction, and a microwave-assisted process; however, physical beneficiation and microwave exposure were found to be inefficient as they yielded lower iron recovery. Using coconut shell as an alternative reductant was found to be promising and does not lead to the formation of higher iron oxides, such as fayalite and wustite phases. The microwave-assisted carbothermal reduction was found at par with conventional reduction, saving time and heating. The optimum magnetic concentrate obtained in both carbothermal reduction routes (microwave and muffle furnace: Fe grade, Fe recovery, and yield of 64.3, 97, and 84%, and 67, 99, and 83%, respectively) are suitable for alternative iron-making or blast furnace units.

Geospatial Approach for Quantitative Drainage Morphometric Analysis of Varuna River Basin, India

Abstract An assessment of Varuna river basin of India was performed to study the various drainage parameters in GIS platform. The delineation of drainage network is possible either physically from topographic sheets or with the help data of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) by methods for calculation techniques. Extraction of the basin and sub-basins, stream network has been produced to evaluate the drainage characteristics in the study zone. The entire Varuna river basin has been subdivided into 3 sub-watersheds and 41 morphometric parameters have been computed under four broad categories i.e. drainage network, basin geometry, drainage texture, and relief characteristics. The morphometric analysis has been performed and different parameters have been correlated with each other to understand their underlying connection and their role over the basin hydro geomorphology. The study discloses different types of morphometric analysis and how they influence the soil and topography of the basin. The investigation and estimation of basin morphometry and relief parameters in GIS will be of massive utility in catchment area advancement, understanding the watershed for natural resource evaluation, planning and administration at any scale. The outcomes thus generated equip us with significant knowledge and may also provide an input that are essential in decision making for watershed planning and drainage development of the watershed.

Ultrahigh-flux (>190,000 L·m−2h−1) separation of oil and water by a robust and durable Cu(OH)2 nanoneedles mesh with inverse wettability

Single-stage oil/water separation membranes usually suffer from weak chemical stability, susceptible mechanical damage and relatively low permeating flux, and the sophisticated preparation processes also limit their massive utilization. In this work, Cu(OH)2 nanoneedles coated copper mesh (CM) is prepared by simple and eco-friendly anodic oxidation at a current density of 4 mA/cm2 for 6 min, which is the most efficient route reported so far. The mesh exhibits outstanding superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity towards various oils with contact angles up to 164.9°, achieving superior oil/water separation efficiency of above 99.5% and ultrahigh permeating flux of 191 160 L·m−2h−1 solely driven by gravity. Impressively, the Cu(OH)2/CM demonstrates excellent chemical stability and anti-fouling performance when exposed to acidic and strongly alkaline solutions, saturated NaCl solution and various organic solvents. High durability to withstand mechanical challenges, e.g. high-power sonication and sand abrasion, is experimentally confirmed owing to strong cohesional strength of Cu(OH)2 nanoneedles on CM surface. Importantly, the Cu(OH)2/CM exhibits favorable long-term recyclability with stable microstructure morphologies even after 50 cycles. These distinct advantages endow the Cu(OH)2/CM to be an ideal candidate to efficiently separate oil pollutants from water. The oil/water separation mechanisms are proposed based on the concept of intrusion pressure.

Experimental investigations for applying PESS to disaster relief PTHs

In disaster relief reconstructions, the severe indoor thermal environment of the prefabricated temporary house (PTH) limits its massive utilization. Here, the application of phase change material energy storage system (PESS) has been proposed in the full-scale experimental PTH. In the experimental investigations, a movable PESS was designed aiming at regulating the indoor environment of the PTH during the daytime in hot summer, by charging the cool energy during the nighttime. The movable PESS revealed positive impacts on the indoor environment regulation in the experimental PTH. In addition, the distance between the PESS and the west wall also had influences on the cool energy discharging of the PESS and the indoor thermal environment of the experimental PTH.

Landscape integrated pest management as a tool to determine the risk of production of rice farming in Pliken Village Banyumas Regency

Landscape IPM has been developed in a certain region in Java to strenghten the ecosystem that has been impacted by the massive utilization of pesticide during long period. This study was held to: 1) Testify if there is any significant difference between the production of LIPM adopters and non-LIPM adopters, 2) Compare the level risk of production between LIPM adopters and non-adopters, 3) Analyze the determinant factors of risk of production. Independent two-sample T-Test and scatter plot were used to determined if there is any significant difference between the two categories, while the level of risk of production were measured by calculation of Coefficient of variation (CV). The determinant factors of risk of production analyzed by using multiple linear regression based on the method of multiplicative heterocedastic. The result shows that there is no significant difference between the production of LIPM adopters and non-adopters, but indeed it has a lower level risk of production. One factor that has significantly influenced the risk of production is pest attack.

The importance of conceptualization in the use of Wolfram Mathematica 10 for a course in differential calculus

With the continuous advance in the technological tools, both Hardware and Software, a massive utilization has started in different fields of society. One of the fields in which this type of tool is used is the academic one, given the importance in the generation of spaces for discussion in teacher-student mediation, using the computer as a tool that supports the process in the classroom. In particular, the use of specialized software has made the teaching work change depending on the support in the resource, however, you cannot depend exclusively on the resource, but the teacher must be able to use the tool recognizing the benefits and limitations that the software You can submit. The objective of this work is to socialize a classroom experience developed with the students of Differential Calculus in the thematic axis of inverse functions using Wolfram Mathematica 10 software, in which it is possible to show a program limitation with respect to the Cartesian representation of certain functions inverse, which can lead to misinterpretations about their behavior