Massive Support Research Articles

A tribute to Arnold S. Relman (1923-2014).

A tribute to Arnold S. Relman (1923-2014).

Trust in Global Health Governance: The GAVI Experience

The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization provides a most interesting example of effective cooperation between international organizations—especially the World Health Organization, the UN Children's Fund, and the World Bank. Based on extensive research and interviews, this article examines how and why this cooperation came about. The role of the Gates Foundation in providing massive financial support was certainly crucial. An adequate explanation must, however, involve more than what might be called “buying cooperation”; trust played a crucial role. By studying this particular case in detail, this article raises some interesting theoretical issues about the role of trust in global governance.

Shaping technology, building society; the industrialization of the Norwegian cod fisheries

After the Second World War the Norwegian government planned a large scale modernization of the entire fishing industry in northern Norway. The industrialization of the land-based processing industry and the construction of a totally new trawler fleet gained massive public financial support. The new technological adaptations were built around a vertically integrated corporate model. As a reference to the modernization concept, the seasonal coastal fisheries were defined as outdated and not able to meet the modern expectations of full-time employment and improved salaries. In this context, the trawler fleet was supposed to feed the processing industry with stable supplies of fresh fish and thus secure a fully vertically integrated production model. However, almost from the start, the model never functioned according to the political goals, i.e. an economically viable sector with secure and stable employment. Instead, the project was characterized by efficiency problems, internal disputes between the fleet and the processing factories, institutional inertia within the public sphere and finally a decoupling of the entire model. This article outlines how deep-sea trawling originally gained acceptance in the political landscape, how it developed over the years (1950–2013) and how the technological development finally was uncoupled from the needs of the processing industry. The article explains this development through the idea of technological changes as socially constructed and modified, emphasizing that successful technological transformations have to be in line with basic social values and perceptions.

Is the Euro-zone on the Mend? Latin American examples to analyze the Euro question

Several European countries face challenges reminiscent of those faced by the emerging economies of Latin America. The economic booms in some peripheral Euro-zone countries financed by large capital inflows; the credit and asset price booms and then the busts including Sudden Stops in capital flows; the strong interaction between sovereign debt and domestic banking systems; the role of foreign banks and contagion; and all in the context of a fixed exchange rate, are familiar plotlines for Latin American audiences. For those Euro-zone countries that built up large Euro-denominated external liabilities, Latin America’s experience is particularly relevant and worrisome. Still, Europe may be in a better position to navigate a path out of the crisis given cooperative mechanisms that were absent in Latin America, particularly the availability of massive liquidity support. Nonetheless, while such support buys time, it does not guarantee success. This paper argues that reflecting on Latin America’s experience provides useful lessons for Europe to improve the chances for a successful resolution.

K-pop in Korea: How the Pop Music Industry Is Changing a Post-Developmental Society

Korean popular songs, or kayo , are evolving from a musical genre created and performed only by Koreans into K-pop, a global musical genre produced and enjoyed by Koreans and those of other nationalities. This new development has revolutionized the perception of the popular music industry in Korea’s post-developmental society, as Korean children dream of becoming K-pop idols rather than entering traditionally esteemed careers in politics, medicine, or academia. The Korean government is also actively promoting Hallyu and K-pop, as though they constitute new export industries that could feed the entire nation in the twenty-first century. While the K-pop revolution has a lot to do with YouTube and other digital means of distributing music on a global scale, Korean television stations are now eager to tap into the booming market by showcasing live K-pop auditions in order to circumvent declining television loyalty among K-pop fans, who prefer watching music videos on YouTube. K-pop in Korea therefore illustrates three important aspects of social change: changes in social perceptions of the popular music industry, massive government support, and television stations actively recruiting new K-pop stars. All three aspects of social change reinforce one another and fuel the aspirations of young Koreans to become the next K-pop idols.

Prospects for a Resurgence of the U.s. Left

Prospects for a Resurgence of the U.s. Left

Social media and the transformation of ‘Chinese nationalism’: ‘Igniting positive energy’ in China since the 2012 London Olympics (Respond to this article at http://www.therai.org.uk/at/debate)

During the 2012 London Olympics, a spontaneous movement to ‘ignite positive energy’ emerged in Chinese social media from the massive and fervent support for the Chinese grassroots torch bearers. This grassroots‐oriented movement has generated a ‘transcendental Chinese patriotism’, in which patriotism is intertwined with individualism, transnationalism, and universalism. The ideal and sentiment of this hybrid Chinese patriotism forms a stark contrast to the mainstream ‘Chinese nationalism’, which has been characterized by scholars as various forms of reactive collectivism derived from state authority, Confucian tradition, and the wounded memories of China's recent history. This online movement has also demonstrated an impressive efficacy in shaping the socio‐political landscape of China beyond transforming Chinese nationalism.

Personal Decision Support Mobile Service for Extreme Situations

This article discusses aspects of implementation of a massive personal decision support mobile service for evacuation process in extreme situations, based on cloud computation platform CLAVIRE and a virtual society model. The virtual society model was constructed using an agent-based approach. To increase credibility the individual motivation methods (personal decision support and user training) were used.

Event-based user classification in Weibo media.

Weibo media, known as the real-time microblogging services, has attracted massive attention and support from social network users. Weibo platform offers an opportunity for people to access information and changes the way people acquire and disseminate information significantly. Meanwhile, it enables people to respond to the social events in a more convenient way. Much of the information in Weibo media is related to some events. Users who post different contents, and exert different behavior or attitude may lead to different contribution to the specific event. Therefore, classifying the large amount of uncategorized social circles generated in Weibo media automatically from the perspective of events has been a promising task. Under this circumstance, in order to effectively organize and manage the huge amounts of users, thereby further managing their contents, we address the task of user classification in a more granular, event-based approach in this paper. By analyzing real data collected from Sina Weibo, we investigate the Weibo properties and utilize both content information and social network information to classify the numerous users into four primary groups: celebrities, organizations/media accounts, grassroots stars, and ordinary individuals. The experiments results show that our method identifies the user categories accurately.

Analysis on Ship Equipment Consumption Data Based on Data Mining

A comprehensive analysis on a large amount of ship equipment consumption data accumulated over the years is achieved through the establishment of data warehouse, online analytical processing, regression analysis, cluster analysis, etc. by means of data mining. The analysis results present important references for equipment guarantee department in terms of equipment preparation and carrying, etc. and provide the comprehensive analysis and utilization on massive ship maintenance support data with technical means.

The Urban Environment and its Influences on Insurgent Campaigns

For a long time, insurgency was a rural affair. The growing modernization of the modern world, however, shifts conflicts to the cities and requires us to explore the logics of armed struggle in urban environments. This article explores how the urban environment shapes armed conflicts, and argues that insurgents face severe practical constraints when acting in the cities. The urban environment offers the insurgents alternative ways of financing and of operating while close state control impedes them in pursuing a classic strategy of insurgency. Although state control cannot prevent attacks as such, it particularly hampers insurgents in relating to the population and organizing opposition. However, without massive and active support, armed struggle will remain sectarian and, thus, fail to achieve major political changes. This article argues that urban insurgents face a paradoxical relationship with society. While urban insurgents become independent of social support on an operational level, they depend more than ever on spontaneous massive and active social support on a strategic level.

Interfacial Microstructure of Ultra-High Frequency Induction Brazed CBN Grains Using Ag-Based Alloy

Continuous induction brazing with ultra-high frequency was proposed to braze the monocrystalline CBN grains using Ag-based filler alloy. The interfacial microstructure of the brazed specimen and the resultant morphology on the CBN surface was investigated and analogized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy diffraction X-ray (EDX). The experimental results showed that the bonding among CBN grains, filler alloy and steel matrix was achieved. The CBN grains were well wetted by the filler alloy and formed a massive support profile. Moreover, the active element Ti of the filler diffused markedly and gathered in the interfacial of matrix/filler and filler/grain respectively. Due to the short dwell time in brazing, the newly formed resultants grew in a short time. The resultants layer did not entirely covered the CBN grain, and discretely distributed on the surface of CBN grain. The size of the resultants was less than 200nm.

Design and performance of tapered cubic anvil used for achieving higher pressure and larger sample cell

In order to increase the maximum cell pressure of the cubic high pressure apparatus, we have developed a new structure of tungsten carbide cubic anvil (tapered cubic anvil), based on the principle of massive support and lateral support. Our results indicated that the tapered cubic anvil has some advantages. First, tapered cubic anvil can push the transfer rate of pressure well into the range above 36.37% compare to the conventional anvil. Second, the rate of failure crack decreases about 11.20% after the modification of the conventional anvil. Third, the limit of static high-pressure in the sample cell can be extended to 13 GPa, which can increase the maximum cell pressure about 73.3% than that of the conventional anvil. Fourth, the volume of sample cell compressed by tapered cubic anvils can be achieved to 14.13 mm(3) (3 mm diameter × 2 mm long), which is three and six orders of magnitude larger than that of double-stage apparatus and diamond anvil cell, respectively. This work represents a relatively simple method for achieving higher pressures and larger sample cell.

Code‐expanded radio access protocol for machine‐to‐machine communications

ABSTRACTThe random access methods used for support of machine‐to‐machine, also referred to as Machine‐Type Communications, in current cellular standards are derivatives of traditional framed slotted ALOHA and therefore do not support high user loads efficiently. We propose an approach that is motivated by the random access method employed in LTE, which significantly increases the amount of contention resources without increasing the system resources, such as contention subframes and preambles. This is accomplished by a logical, rather than physical, extension of the access method in which the available system resources are interpreted in a novel manner. Specifically, in the proposed scheme, users perform random access by transmitting orthogonal preambles in multiple random access subframes, in this way creating access codewords that are used for contention. We show that, for the same number of random access subframes and orthogonal preambles, the amount of available contention resources is drastically increased, enabling the massive support of Machine‐Type Communication users that is beyond the reach of current systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Main Reasons that Led to the Dissolution of Yugoslavia and Short Explanation of Failed Project of the Yugoslav Nation

The project of Yugoslavia has failed. Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has been broken down into five new states in the bloody civil war in the beginning of the nineties of the twentieth century. Many experts were searching for the reason of disintegration of Yugoslavia. Was the authoritarian rule of Josip Broz Tito the main reason that was preventing the aspirations for breaking the Yugoslavia? There is no doubt that Tito through his political engagement did a lot on the creation and strengthening of the Yugoslav state and Yugoslav nation, which were supposed to be one of the pillars for building the supranational state. The Yugoslav constitution from 1974, which many have described as the basis for the beginning of Yugoslav breakup, was adopted while Tito was still alive. In addition to national tensions that were skillfully suppressed by the Communist Party, the economic factor also did not go in favor of the proponents of the Yugoslav state. Despite the strong post-war industrial development and modernization of the state, Yugoslavia was forced to take significant amount of money as a loan from the Western European countries. Inside the country itself, it came to a significant economic gap between developed west and poor east where people were living mainly from state financial aid. Further historical events, which resulted in the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the communism, caught political leaders of Yugoslavia unprepared. The idea of the United Europe and erasing borders between East and West, capitalism and communism, did not find its support in the Balkans. In the Balkans, the border was started being written with the blood of citizens who were sharing the same country until yesterday and became enemies overnight. The federal government has failed to respond to the new circumstances and all the weaknesses of the existing political system came to the surface. Despite the massive support of the Communist Party, the creation of the Yugoslav nation was not making progress as politicians have planned. Despite the positive aspects - common cultural roots, similar language and same values, national conscience was a barrier to the creation of the Yugoslav nation that was too strong. Communist Party was trying to suppress individual ethnic identities and nationalities and impose the Yugoslav identity. Mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also in other parts of former Yugoslavia, the creation of Yugoslav nation did not achieve great success. The Yugoslav idea existed even during the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, but they both suffered the breakdown at the beginning of the Second World War. Yugoslav communists were trying to build a strong state by placing the Yugoslav nation as a counterweight to ethnic tensions that existed in society at the time. Unfortunately, nationalist tensions escalated in the early nineties and it was clear that the idea of the Yugoslav nation has experienced collapse. The causes that led to the breakup of Yugoslavia will be the subject of further research and scientific debate. However, a large number of human casualties and terrible material destructions are the final result of an unsuccessful project.

Modely nové Keynesovské ekonomie: struktura, problémy a perspektivy

Though DSGE models have provided very modest macroeconomic modeling results, they have enjoyed some massive support both from theorists and practitioners. To find an explanation for this state, this paper reviews the reasons why DSGE models fail to perform. For this purpose, first we present the opinions of leading American economists on DSGE models before the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives in 2010. According to many experts in the USA, DSGE models are considered to be one of the main culprits of the recent economic crisis. Then we provide our own analysis where we point to some relevant drawbacks in the models' construction that may lead to their failure. They are the continuum notion, log-linearization issue and natural production concept. Finally, we suggest the return to the endogenous cycle macroeconomic modeling approach as an alternative solution to DSGE models. In our opinion, this approach may better capture the more complex nature of economic processes with the existence of non-periodic oscillation and chaos. With respect to the current state of macroeconomic modeling, we consider both microeconomic and macroeconomic approaches at least as two equivalent alternatives.

The ultra low mass cooling system of the Belle II DEPFET detector

The new Japanese Super Flavor Factory Belle II is designed with high precision in mind, making a good vertex resolution a necessity. In order to achieve the required resolution in the vertex reconstruction, besides highly segmented pixel detectors, the material budget has to be kept at very low levels, since more material results in multiple scattering and degrades the resolution. As a consequence, there is a direct impact on the cooling system, that has to be carefully designed, not allowing active cooling pipes inside the acceptance region. In this asymmetric e+e− experiment the angular acceptance ranges from 17° to 150°, leaving room for support structures outside this range. The Belle II vertex detector includes DEPFET technology in its vertex detector the front end electronics (FEE) of which, placed outside the acceptance, can be cooled by 2-phase CO2 through massive support structures while the sensitive area relies on forced convection with cold nitrogen gas.

Paul Gordon Jarvis, FRS: co‐founding editor of Plant, Cell & Environment

<scp>P</scp>aul <scp>G</scp>ordon <scp>J</scp>arvis, <scp>FRS</scp>: co‐founding editor of <i><scp>P</scp>lant, <scp>C</scp>ell &amp; <scp>E</scp>nvironment</i>

Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP‐Lausanne): implementation of an early intervention programme for psychosis in Switzerland

In a survey conducted in the Lausanne catchment area in 2000, we could estimate on the basis of file assessment that first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients had psychotic symptoms for more than 2 years before treatment and that 50% did not attend any outpatient appointment after discharge from hospital. In this paper, we describe the implementation of a specialized programme aimed at improving engagement and quality of treatment for early psychosis patients in the Lausanne catchment area in Switzerland. The Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program-Lausanne is a comprehensive 3-year programme composed of (i) an outpatient clinic based on assertive case management; (ii) a specialized inpatient unit; and (iii) an intensive mobile team, connected for research to the Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience. Eight years after implementation, the programme has included 350 patients with a disengagement rate of 9% over 3 years of treatment. All patients have been assessed prospectively and 90 participated in neurobiological research. Based on this experience, the Health Department funded the implementation of similar programmes in other parts of the state, covering a total population of 540,000 people. Programmes for early intervention in psychosis have a major impact on patients' engagement into treatment. While development of mobile teams and assertive case management with specific training are crucial, they do not necessitate massive financial support to be started. Inclusion of a research component is important as well, in terms of service planning and improvement of both quality of care and impact of early intervention strategies.

Medical Doctors’ Attitudes towards Pay-For-Reporting in Macedonia: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey. Maced J Med Sci. 2012 Dec 15; 5(4):437-443

Objective: To determine medical doctors’ attitudes towards the implementation of the new pay-forreporting system in the public hospital sector. Data Source: An electronic survey was conducted among 303 medical doctors in the Republic of Macedonia using the database of Healthgrouper.com, an online provider of information for healthcare providers. Principal Findings: Majority (61.9%) of all surveyed doctors are against the proposed pay-for-reporting (P4R) reform. Disapproval is much higher among the doctors employed at the public hospitals where 79% consider that pay-for-reporting project has to be abandoned. Doctors are against the proposed P4R system that only measures quantity of the work. According to majority of the doctors current model is subjective; it opens possibilities for bias and missconduct, and puts the clinical teamwork at jeopardy. Conclusions: Massive support against the implemented P4R reform was expressed by the Macedonian doctors employed in the public sector. The model should integrate parameters such as quality and complexity of delivered services to patients. Better integration and engagement of doctors is essential to assure support and smooth implementation of P4R reform as sound policy in practice. The Ministry of Health should set key parameters to be monitored by hospitals to evaluate the success of the P4R system.