Massive Events Research Articles

Some giant submarine landslides do not produce large tsunamis

AbstractLandslides are the second most important cause of tsunamis after earthquakes, and their potential for generating large tsunamis depend on the slide process. Among the world's largest submarine landslides is the Storegga Slide that generated a large tsunami over an ocean‐wide scale, while no traces of a tsunami generated from the similar and nearby Trænadjupet Slide have been found. Previous models for such landslide tsunamis have not been able to capture the complexity of the landslide processes and are at odds with geotechnical and geomorphological data that reveal retrogressive landslide development. The tsunami generation from these massive events are here modeled with new methods that incorporate complex retrogressive slide motion. We show that the tsunamigenic strength is closely related to the retrogressive development and explain, for the first time, why similar giant landslides can produce very different tsunamis, sometimes smaller than anticipated. Because these slide mechanisms are common for submarine landslides, modeling procedures for dealing with their associated tsunamis should be revised.

General-purpose coordinator–master–worker model for efficient large-scale simulation over heterogeneous infrastructure

In this work, we propose a general-purpose coordinator–master–worker (GP-CMW) model to enable efficient and scalable simulation. The model supports distributed and parallel simulation over a heterogeneous computing node architecture with both multi-core CPUs and GPUs. The model aims at maximizing the hardware activity rate while reducing the overall management overhead. The proposed model includes five components: coordinator, priority abstraction layer, master, hardware abstraction layer, and worker. The proposed model is mainly optimized for large-scale simulation that relies on massive parallelizable events. Extensive set of experimental results shows that GP-CMW provides a significant gain from medium to intensive simulation load by exploiting heterogeneous computing resources including CPU and GPU. Regarding simulation runtime, the proposed GP-CMW model delivers a speedup that is 3.6 times faster than the CMW model.

A personal visual analytics on smartphone usage data

The percentage of individuals frequently using their smartphones in work and life is increasing steadily. The interactions between individuals and their smartphones can produce large amounts of usage data, which contain rich information about smartphone owners’ usage habits and their daily life. In this paper, a personal visual analytic tool is proposed to develop insights and discover knowledge of personal life in smartphone usage data. Four cooperated visualization views and many interactions are provided in this tool to visually explore the temporal features of various interactive events between smartphones and their users, the hierarchical associations among event types, and the detailed distributions of massive event sequences. In the case study, plenty of interesting patterns are discovered by analyzing the data of two smartphone users with different usage styles. We also conduct a one-month user study on several invited volunteers from our laboratory and acquaintance circle to improve our prototype system based on their feedback.

AMBUSH MARKETING: THE UNOFFICIAL FREE RIDING

Ambush Marketing has broken the stereotypical notions of the 4P’S of marketing. It has branched marketing to a totally different arena of publicity without actually paying for it directly. This usually involves conducting of marketing campaigns that seek association with a given massive events without actually providing compensation to the organizer of the event, even though there is a corporate rival as a sponsor involved. Ambush marketing include sponsorship of the event's broadcast, aggressive sponsorship of various categories of an event, and the conducting of high-profile non-sponsorship campaigns timed to coincide with the event. The big question arises to its nature as a moral act for which several legal steps are also being taken. Nonetheless ambush marketing has given scope of visibility to many startups and not so wealthy companies to free ride on the official sponsors. This research is undertaken after observation of the various sporting events which are the biggest playfield for its display. The data gathered herein is majorly secondary with help from various journals, magazines and search engines.

When the “other” runs in front of the bull: a membership categorization analysis of a television news story

Abstract This article analyzes a television news story using a particular example. In line with the research tradition of the ethnomethodological approach of membership categorization analysis, our main analytical concerns are (i) to understand the logic of practical reasoning and intelligibility involved in the production of the news story; (ii) to examine how this intelligibility is generated and what resources – such as commonsense knowledge of the social structures – are used to make the news story communicable; and (iii) to explore how specific forms of categorization employed in the news story are used to induce certain readings or to promote certain worldviews. The news story analyzed describes the progressive increase of foreign participants at the San Fermín running of the bulls in Pamplona, Spain. It also highlights the still minority participation by women at this massive event. The results of the analysis show that both “foreigners” and “women” are presented as being in the wrong place. Through association with their typical predicates, both “foreigners” and “women” are construed in the news story as the “other.” A final reflection is made on the concept of identity, which is understood as a situated accomplishment.

Abstract 4435: Genome-scale DNA methylation changes delineate uterine leiomyoma subgroups

Abstract Symptomatic uterine leiomyomas (ULs) occur in as many as 20% of women. These bening lesions are a major burden to women's health by causing health complications such as abnormal bleeding, pain and infertility, and they are a common cause of hysterectomy that is at present the only curative treatment. Similar to other solid tumors, genetic and epigenetic changes are likely to have value as predictors of UL clinical outcome, as well as response to treatment. Recent findings from us and others have provided evidence for existence of at least three distinct molecular UL subgroups, each displaying a characteristic genetic driver aberration; MED12 mutation, HMGA2 activation or FH mutation. We conducted DNA methylation analysis of bisulfite sequencing data from 59 tumors and 38 normal myometrium samples on targeted genomic regions (84.5Mb) such as CpG islands, shores and shelves, GENCODE promoters and DNaseI hypersensitive sites from ENCODE data using Agilent SureSelect methyl-seq target enrichment system. The studied samples consisted of 17 MED12-mutated, 11 HMGA2-upregulated and 6 FH-mutated tumors. Whole-genome sequencing and expression array profiling had been performed previously from the same specimens (Mehine, Kaasinen, et al. 2014). We developed a data processing pipeline that makes use of: (i) Trim Galore tool for quality control of sequencing data (ii) Bismark for alignment and DNA methylation calling (Krueger & Andrews 2011). Hierarchical clustering of all detected CpG sites revealed that MED12- and FH-mutated tumors cluster according to the driver changes, and HMGA2-upregulated tumors cluster in two separate branches. Global hypermethylation profile was detected in FH-mutated tumors, which is compatible with previous reports in paragangliomas (Letouzé et al. 2013). Four tumors with COL4A5/COL4A6 aberration did not display uniform DNA methylation pattern and four tumors without known genetic driver changes clustered among normal myometrium samples; one of these tumors harbors a somatic TP53 rearrangement created through massive chromothripsis rearrangement event. As myometrium samples showed uniform global DNA methylation by clustering clearly separate from majority of the tumors, statistically powerful comparison of UL subgroups with different genetic background to myometrium samples was enabled. Furthermore, integration of differentially methylated regions with significant expression changes allowed us to characterize genes which are epigenetically activated or silenced in different UL subgroups. All ULs displayed increased methylation of genes enriched in developmentally related biological processes. Our results provide strong evidence that the known UL subgroups are distinguishable by global DNA methylation profiling. The role of the identified epigenetically activated or silenced genes should be studied further to allow better understanding of the biological processes related to UL development and clinical outcome. Citation Format: Eevi Kaasinen, Amjad Alkodsi, Miika Mehine, Hanna-Riikka Heinonen, Netta Mäkinen, Mervi Aavikko, Kati Kampjärvi, Minna Taipale, Pia Vahteristo, Rainer Lehtonen, Lauri A. Aaltonen. Genome-scale DNA methylation changes delineate uterine leiomyoma subgroups. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4435.

Modeling population dynamics and small-scale fisheries yields of fish farming escapes in Mediterranean coastal areas

Coastal ecosystems put up a number of impacts from human activities in the sea; the most recent is fish farming, interacting synergistically with the other impacts and with the natural structure and dynamics of the coastal ecosystem. In the Mediterranean Sea, the number of fish farms has increased dramatically from early ‘80s in coastal waters, releasing a substantial amount of organic matter, modifying the habitat and communities beneath cages and changing the spatio-temporal distribution of species. Among all the effects derived from fish farming, escape events of cultured fish are a relevant issue for management given their potential impact over wild counterparts in terms of habitat and food competition, genetic flow, biodiversity, spread diseases or parasites, and interaction with local fisheries, decreasing the price of the catches. This paper shows the first approach to model the temporal trends of biomass and yields of escapes from aquaculture by means of an EwE model. Three levels of escapes (×1, ordinary level: 5000indyear−1fishfarm−1, corresponding to 1.31tyear−1; massive event: ordinary level×91; total destruction of fish farm: ordinary level×1800) and four levels of fishing effort (ordinary E, ×2, ×5, ×10) were modelled as mechanism to recapture escapees. Temporal variation of biomass and yield is used to define how long should be maintained the effort to catch escapees. The total destruction of a fish farm generates the higher increase of escapees' landings, dissapearing in less than 6 months if fishing effort reach 10-fold the ordinary fishing effort. Differences among revenues from recaptures and derived expenses were always negative but tending to be greater for low levels of fishing effort and/or levels of escapes which means no fishery can be expected to be maintained by escapes. In general, fleets benefit from escapees in terms of yield but gains will depend on how escapees affect either positively or negatively the value of the catch. Simulations using EwE models may result a useful tool to design suitable recapture plans of escapees.

Is Acropora palmata recovering? A case study in Los Roques National Park, Venezuela.

Eight years ago (2007), the distribution and status of Acropora palmata was quantified throughout Los Roques archipelago in Venezuela. The aim was to produce a baseline study for this species which combined population genetics with demographic data. The results highlighted that A. palmata had the potential to recover in at least 6 out of 10 sites surveyed. Recovery potential was assumed to be high at sites with a relatively high abundance of the coral, low disease prevalence, high genetic diversity, and high rates of sexual reproduction. However, as noted, Zubillaga et al. (2008) realized recovery was still strongly dependent on local and regional stressors. In 2014 (this study), the status of A. palmata was re-evaluated at Los Roques. We increased the number of sites from 10 in the original baseline study to 106. This allowed us to assess the population status throughout the entirety of the MPA. Furthermore, we also identified local threats that may have hindered population recovery. Here, we show that A. palmata now has a relatively restricted distribution throughout the park, only occurring in 15% of the sites surveyed. Large stands of old dead colonies were common throughout the archipelago; a result which demonstrates that this species has lost almost 50% of its original distribution over the past decades. The majority of corals recorded were large adults (∼2 m height), suggesting that these older colonies might be less susceptible or more resilient to local and global threats. However, 45% of these surviving colonies showed evidence of partial mortality and degradation of living tissues. Interestingly, the greatest increase in partial mortality occurred at sites with the lowest levels of protection (n}{}{X}_{o}^{2}=5.4> {X}_{c}^{2}=4.5; df = 4, p < 0.05). This may suggest there is a positive role of small scale marine management in assisting reef recovery. We also recorded a significant reduction (n}{}{X}_{mathrm{exp}}^{2}=126.8> {X}_{mathrm{cri}}^{2}=15.5; df = 8; p < 0.05) in the density of A. palmata in sites that had previously been categorized as having a high potential for recovery. One explanation for this continued decline may be due to the fact that over the past 10 years, two massive bleaching events have occurred throughout the Caribbean with records showing that Los Roques has experienced unprecedented declines in overall coral cover. We therefore conclude that although local protection could promote recovery, the impacts from global threats such as ocean warming may hamper the recovery of this threatened species.

The iconicity and indexicality of “life” in Korowai sago grub feasts

This presentation examines the intertwining of technical, vital, and social processes in sago grub feasts held by Korowai of Indonesian Papua. Feasts are challenging intensifications of Korowai people’s contradictory value commitments to autonomy and relatedness, and the biological processes of grub production are also full of hazards. Across different levels of the feast process, Korowai focus reflexively on what can go wrong. A recipe-like sequence of steps by which a feast is carried out, a priest who mediates feast labor, and the longhouse built for the feast event are main signs by which Korowai enact stances of restraint and equality, in an effort to authorize a massive event of biological expenditure and the assertion of relatedness.

Supervised Event Coding From Text Written in Spanish

Recent innovations in conflict and computer research favor generating massive event data using automated coding protocols. Unfortunately, these approaches almost exclusively rely on English-language sources, thus causing problems of coverage bias and misleading inferences. In an effort to attenuate Anglocentrism in event data, we introduce Eventus ID, new software for supervised event coding from text written in Spanish. Drawing on real news reports, the application generates daily georeferenced data on how the military fights organized criminals in Mexico. Performance metrics show that Eventus ID is almost as accurate as humans for coding event data.

A Knowledge Management Approach to the Loosely Coupled Systems

The purpose of the research is to explore characteristics and design the concept of the knowledge management system that would be able to operate in a loosely coupled system. We used a literature review to determine characteristics of the conceptual design that would fit into the unstable organizational environment. Based on the theoretical insights, we designed the open framework that is capable of adjustments, multilevel designing, it allows integration of statistical methods and supports conversion into the web ontology language. We applied developed concept to a loosely coupled system test case, to achieve better understanding of its capabilities. The solution is appropriate for implementation to analyze knowledge network and process architecture relations in different informal organizational networks, as well as during events where spontaneous cooperation among different types of organizations and individuals is necessary, such as massive natural disasters and other simila events.

A spring cold snap is followed by an extreme reproductive failure event in a mountain population of Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca

Capsule Very low and anomalous temperatures in early spring of 2010 were followed by the only massive reproductive failure event recorded in 24 years in a population of Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca breeding at 1200 m altitude in central Spain.Aim To estimate the effects of an extreme climatic event on reproductive success in a montane population of a long-distance migratory bird.Methods We compared nestling growth and mortality in nests of different brood sizes in the context of a brood manipulation experiment.Results Total failure affected 36% of the broods and only 2.5 nestlings on average were raised to fledging age. Most mortality affected broods in the second week of nestling life. Fledglings attained very low values for mass and wing length compared with long-term averages. Subsequent local recruitment was the lowest for any cohort in 24 years. The typical date-dependent decrease in breeding success in the population was inverted.Conclusion Breeding success was markedly affected by a weather event happening one month before hatching and lasting only a few days. An increased frequency of extreme weather events as predicted by some climate change scenarios may dramatically affect insectivorous avian populations in the future.

Comprehensive Understanding of the Zipingpu Reservoir to the MS8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake

AbstractSince the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, whether this massive event was triggered by the impoundment of the nearby Zipingpu reservoir has attracted wide attention in international academic community. In addition to qualitative discussions, many scholars have made calculations on this issue. However, due to the different results, they draw very different conclusions. In this paper, we take the disputes from different teams in the quantitative calculation of Zipingpu reservoir as the starting point. Based on the basic principle of quantitative calculation of the stress changes after the impoundment of the reservoir, we analyze all kinds of influence factors to find out the key factors during the numerical simulation. The results show that the calculation methods, dimension of models, diffusion model, diffusion coefficient and focal mechanism are the main factors that resulted in the differences, especially the diffusion coefficient of the fractured rock mass. The Coulomb failure stress changes of the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake attained from the 2D model is about 3 times of that of the 3D model. And it is not reasonable that only considering the fault permeability or homogeneous isotropic rock mass permeability. The different focal mechanisms also could dramatically affect the Coulomb failure stress changes, of which the differences can research 2∼7 times. And the differences of Coulomb failure stress changes can reach several hundred times when selecting different diffusion coefficients. According to existing research that the magnitude of Coulomb failure stress change is about several kPa, we can not rule out the possibility that the Zipingpu reservoir may trigger the Wenchuan earthquake. However, for the background stress is not clear and Coulomb failure stress change is too small, we are not sure there must be a connection between the reservoir and earthquake. In the future work, we should target on the basis of field surveys and indoor experiments, improve the model and develop high‐performance simulation. Based on these calculation methods, we can compare more typical reservoir‐triggered earthquakes with different mechanisms both in China and elsewhere in the world to explore the mechanism of reservoir‐induced earthquakes.

Monitoring a Massive Escape of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) at an Oceanic Island: Potential Species Establishment

The post-escape behavior of aquaculture escapees is a growing topic of research. We monitored a massive escape event of the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, which occurred at a sea-cage fish farm off the oceanic island of La Palma, Canary Islands, eastern Atlantic. Stomach contents and gonadal development of escapees were analyzed from two islands (Gran Canaria and La Palma) in order to assess the degree of postescape establishment,. We also tested (at both islands), the suitability of fatty acid profiles as biomarkers of aquaculture escapes, processing recaptured escaped fish at a range of distances away from aquaculture facilities. Escaped European sea bass concentrated within breakwaters and decreased in abundance through time after the massive escape at La Palma. Decapod crustaceans (particularly Percnon gibbesi and Rhynchocinetes sp) were the main diet constituents of escapees, followed by fishes (mainly the parrotfish, Sparisoma cretense). Only one spawner male was found. Crude lipid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, Σn-9 fatty acids and Σmonounsatured fatty acids showed higher values in cultured or escaped individuals near cages relative to fish far away from farms. Arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, Σn-3, satured fatty acids, Σn-3/Σn-6 ratio and Palmitic acid showed the opposite pattern. Our data showed that escaped European sea bass is able to exploit natural recourses, altering their fatty acid profiles relative to farmed conspecifics. The usefulness of fatty acids as biomarkers is, however, limited to a short period of time after escape events.

Hemoptisis masiva en fibrosis quística tratada con Amplatzer Plug IV

The hemoptysis is a complication commonly reported in patients diagnosed with cystic fibrosis and affects approximately 9% of the population. It may be in limited quantity to massive events that threaten the patient's life. Its pathogenesis is complex, but the most commonly accepted cause is persistent airway inflammation asso- ciated with neovascularization with damage to the vasculature of the bronchial arteries. The case of a 22 year old with confirmed diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in whom control of hemoptysis was achie- ved through embolization of bronchial arteries and placement PLUG IV Occluder device percutaneously successfully described.

Measuring small‐scale changes along a fault as plates slip

Earthquakes are massive events, ruptures of the Earth's surface that send seismic waves coursing throughout the planet. However, the stresses that build up in advance of an earthquake are concentrated in comparatively tiny regions—rough surfaces of abutting plates that are often no more than a few dozen centimeters across. To a large degree, understanding things such as earthquake timing and onset really boils down to understanding what happens in these small regions of solid contact.

PM-15 * C11orf95-RELA FUSION ALONE IS SUFFICIENT TO FORM HUMAN SUPRATENTORIAL EPENDYMOMA-LIKE TUMOR IN MICE

Ependymomas (EMs) are primary tumors of the central nervous system that preferentially occur in children. Recent deep molecular analyses have revealed that these tumors are divided into molecularly distinct subgroups; particularly supra- and infratentorial EMs have significantly different genetic alterations. Chromothripsis is a massive genomic rearrangement event rarely occurring in various types of tumors, potentially resulting in oncogenic gene fusion. Recently, several types of C11orf95-associated fusion gene caused by gene rearrangements via chromothripsis were identified in a large fraction of supratentorial EMs. These fusion genes have been shown to be oncogenic when transferred to CNS stem cells in allograft model, these fusion genes may be promising therapeutic targets for the tumor type. Pysiologically relevant genetic mouse models are useful for the understanding of oncogenic mechanisms and drivers and for the exploration of theraputic targets in particular tumor types. Therefore, we used the RCAS/tv-a system to determine the ability for the C11orf95-RELA fusion to induce the formation of ependymomas in vivo in mice. When RCAS vector expressing the C11orf95-RELA fusion was introduced into Nestin/tv-a mice, tumors formed in a few months. Additional Cdkn2a loss in the context leads to an increased tumor penetrance. These tumors were observed as a circumscribed tumor adjacent to ventricular surface and formed abundant branching vascular network in the tumor, likely recapitulating histologic features of the human counterpart. This model should be a useful tool for understanding EM biology, therapeutic response, and recurrence.

Legacy of a storm

Forest Ecology![Figure][1] Damage in Hyde Park, London, after the October 1987 storm PHOTO: GEORGE BERNARD/NHPA/PHOTOSHOT/NEWSCOM A severe windstorm has increased plant species diversity in British broadleaved woodlands. In September 1987, hurricane-force winds uprooted an estimated 15 million trees in southeastern England. Smart et al. monitored the understory plant community in forest plots before and after the storm, and compared affected and unaffected sites. In the 15 years after the storm, the number of species in wind-damaged plots increased by 32%. Most were native woodland species rather than invasives. This single massive event reversed a 40-year background trend toward decreased plant diversity in undisturbed woodlands. J. Ecol. 10.1111/1365-2745.12291 (2014). [1]: pending:yes

Semantic Reasoning with Contextual Ontologies on Sensor Cloud Environment

This research first focused on processing enormous number of sensor events from a variety of city-wide sensor networks. As a solution, the well-known big data handling scheme, Hadoop cluster framework, drew, unquestionably, our attention. The acquired sensor events are to be used to immediately detect a certain abnormal situation within the framework. Accordingly, we integrated our existing context-aware collaboration framework with Hadoop cluster framework by interfacing data collection and context-aware reasoning parts of the existing framework with the Hadoop cluster framework. This approach enabled us to effectively process massive sensor events and semantically analyze the big data within the cluster environment. The proposed smart city sensor cloud framework provides ontology-enabled semantic reasoning scheme with the XOntology in combination with the Context-Aware Inference (CAI) model. By applying the ontology technology, the proposed framework enhances the availability and interoperability of the contextual information across many cooperating parties according to semantic reasoning results. Further, this framework is flexible enough to integrate any heterogeneous platforms including many existing IT solutions as well as mobile platforms. In addition, this approach presents the direction of progressive migration of many existing sensor network solutions into big data handling sensor cloud framework.

Advanced Applications of Wireless Sensor Network Using Sensor Cloud Infrastructure

It is our pleasure to publish a special issue on advanced applications of wireless sensor network using sensor cloud infrastructure. This special issue contains seven high quality research papers related to the growing technologies of recent wireless sensor networks and sensor cloud infrastructure. The paper “Sensor resource sharing approaches in sensorcloud infrastructure” by Y. Lim and J. Park presents a survey on sensor-cloud infrastructure (SCI) and discusses technical issues of SCI such as architecture, sensor description methods, middleware based on publish/subscribe data exchange model, and case studies. The paper “Multiple wide tables with vertical scalability in multitenant sensor cloud systems” by K. Ma and B. Yang proposes the multitenant multiple wide tables with vertical scalability by analyzing the features of multitenant data and shows the effectiveness of the proposed method by the experiments. The paper “Semantic reasoning with contextual ontologies on sensor cloud environment” by K. Park et al. presents a massive contextual events handling scheme on a big data framework based on a context-aware inference model with the contextual ontologies and shows that the proposed collaboration framework allows many cooperating parties to collaborate with each other by sharing constituent entities. The paper “Modeling and analysis on congestion control for data transmission in sensor clouds” by J. Huang et al. proposes an Improved Random Early Detection (IRED) algorithm that meets sensor cloud networking requirements better and develops a queueing model coupled with an analysis technique to evaluate the performance of the proposed congestion control scheme. The paper “Agriculture sensor-cloud infrastructure and routing protocol in the physical sensor network layer” by K. Kimet al. proposes an agriculture sensor-cloud infrastructure to provide various services efficiently and to process largescale sensor data effectively and evaluates the proposed techniques by simulation experiments. The paper “Competition-based device-to-device transmission scheduling to support wireless cloud multimedia communications” byR. Yao et al. presents a new algorithm to improve the data transmission quality for a mobile multimedia cloud network (MMCN) in a cloud device-to-device (D2D) communication and demonstrates the simulation results to show the effects of the proposed algorithm. The paper “Towards an environmental measurement cloud: delivering pollution awareness to the public” by F. Dominguez et al. proposes a cloud platform with a federated two-layer architecture which integrates an environmental sensor network with a sensor web, in order to offer geographical environmental data to the public and also to serve as a test bed for scientific research on noise and air pollution. We hope that the papers of this issue contribute to the progress of research and the development of Wireless Sensor Networks.