Mass Spectrogram Research Articles

Chemical profiling of Coptis rootlet and screening of its bioactive compounds in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS

Coptis chinensis Franch. is a traditional Chinese medical herb, only the rhizome is used in clinical. However, the other discarded parts, such as rootlet, still contain a large amount of active ingredients. In this article, UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS method was used to identify components of Coptis rootlet, the differences in the contents of four major alkaloids in Coptis rootlet and Coptis rhizome were compared using HPLC. Then the antibacterial effect of the ethanolic extracts of Coptis rootlet and Coptis rhizome on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were investigated. Finally, S. aureus were cultured for a period of time in the environment of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Coptis rootlet, extracting intracellular substances, screening for effective antibacterial ingredients. By comparison with secondary mass spectrogram of reference substance, a total of 29 components were identified in Coptis rootlet, the contents of berberine, palmatine, coptisine, epiberberine in rootlet and rhizome were determined and compared. 6 alkaloids were found in the cells of S. aureus, which is the main antibacterial compounds of Coptis rootlet. This study proved the utility of the Coptis rootlet, which is beneficial to the more comprehensive utilization of medicinal plant resources.

Association between dense PAX1 promoter methylation and HPV16 infection in cervical squamous epithelial neoplasms of Xin Jiang Uyghur and Han women

DNA methylation is an epigenetic alteration that may lead to carcinogenesis by silencing key tumor suppressor genes. Hypermethylation of the paired box gene 1 (PAX1) promoter is important in cervical cancer development. Here, PAX1 methylation levels were compared between Uyghur and Han patients with cervical lesions. Data on PAX1 methylation in different cervical lesions were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, whereas data on survival and PAX1 mRNA expression in invasive cervical cancer (ICC) were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. MassARRAY spectrometry was used to detect methylation of 19 CpG sites in the promoter region of PAX1, whereas gene mass spectrograms were drawn by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 infection was detected by polymerase chain reaction. PAX1 methylation in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and ICC was significantly higher than in normal tissues. PAX1 hypermethylation was associated with poor prognosis and reduced transcription. ICC-specific PAX1 promoter methylation involved distinct CpG sites in Uyghur and Han patients HPV16 infection in HSIL and ICC patient was significantly higher than in normal women (p < 0.05). Our study revealed a strong association between PAX1 methylation and the development of cervical cancer. Moreover, hypermethylation of distinct CpG sites may induce HSIL transformation into ICC in both Uyghur and Han patients. Our results suggest the existence of ethnic differences in the genetic susceptibility to cervical cancer. Finally, PAX1 methylation and HPV infection exhibited synergistic effects on cervical carcinogenesis.

Assessing the toxicity in vitro of degradation products from deoxynivalenol photocatalytic degradation by using upconversion nanoparticles@TiO2 composite

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most globally prevalent mycotoxins mainly produced by Fusarium species. It can cause pollution to water environmental quality due to its water solubility. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a green and efficient detoxification technology for DON. More importantly, the toxicity of the degradation products should be assessed. Photocatalytic degradation technology has attracted increasing attention in the field of pollutants treatment, especially for wastewater treatment. Herein, the as-prepared NaYF4:Yb,Tm@TiO2 composite (UCNP@TiO2) was employed as a novel photocatalyst for the NIR-enhanced photocatalytic degradation of DON. Three intermediate products were identified by using the ESI/MS analysis and secondary mass spectrogram, with the m/z values of 329.399, 311.243 and 280.913, respectively. Furthermore, the in vitro safety of the product mixtures with various degradation time (30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min) were evaluated through the influences on cell viability, cell morphology, cell cycle, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, cell apoptosis and antioxidant capacity of HepG2 cells. There were no significant differences in these investigated indicators between the control (free of DON) and 120 min products treatment. Overall, the results indicated that the toxicity of degradation products after 120 min irradiation was much lower and even nontoxic than that of DON.

Influence and comparison of emerging techniques of yarn manufacturing on physical–mechanical properties of polyester-/cotton-blended yarns and their woven fabrics

In this study, the physical–mechanical properties of ring spun, ring compact, rotor and air-vortex yarns were investigated. The study was carried with yarn having linear densities of 24.4 tex and 36.7 tex, which were then converted to woven fabrics. The ring spun yarns have higher values of strength but also with higher strength irregularities. Extra-ordinarily low hairiness was observed in air-vortex yarns due to its unique yarn formation technique. The deviation rate (DR) of yarns have correlation with the mass spectrogram of respective yarns obtained from USTER Tester 5. Rotor and air-vortex yarns exhibited higher coefficient of friction. The woven fabrics made from ring spun yarns exhibited higher tensile and tear strength with higher elongation at break. The fabrics made from air-vortex yarns have very good pilling grade due to less protruding fibres on their surface and good structural integrity.

Dual inhibitors of urease and carbonic anhydrase-II from Iris species

Abstract Twenty seven (1–27) known natural organic compounds were isolated for first time from two species of Iris, i.e. loczyi and Iris unguicularis. The structures of these compounds were deduced from the spectral data of NMR, IR, and mass spectrogram. These were evaluated against urease and carbonic anhydrase inhibition studies. For carbonic anhydrase-II inhibition studies, these compounds were evaluated by biochemical mechanism based in vitro bio-assay. Some compounds showed significant inhibition against CA-II enzyme. Compartively, compound (12) showed IC50 value of 17.60 ± 0.08 μM against urease enzyme, while compound (3) was found to be most active against carbonic anhydrase-II, having an IC50 value of 66.27 ± 0.89 μM. Izalpinin (3), 5,7-dihydroxy-2′,6-dimethoxyisoflavone (9), 4′,5,7-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavanone (16), 4′,5,7-trihydroxy-3′,8-dimethoxyflavanone (20), 8-methoxyeriodictyol (21), and mangiferin (26) were found to be dual inhibitors of both the enyzmes. The most active compounds were docked using Autodock Vina and i-GEMDOCK softwares. The docking and in-vitro results are in agreement which showed secondary interactions with the enzymes. The compounds can serve as therapeutic agents to treat urease and carbonic anhydrase associated disorders.

Protection of paeonol against epirubicin-induced hepatotoxicity: A metabolomic study.

Paeonol extracted from the Moutan Cortex, possesses hepatoprotective activity against epirubicin (EPI)-induced liver damage. This study evaluated the protective effect of paeonol on EPI-induced hepatotoxicity and explored the underlying metabolomic mechanism. Breast tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, EPI, and EPI + paeonol treatment. Mice received a tail i.v. injection of EPI every other day for 3 cycles or/and intragastrically (i.g.) administered paeonol daily for 6 days. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and biochemical detection were used to determine the degree of damage. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was established to determine the metabolites. PLS-DA and PCA were used to investigate metabolic changes. HE staining and biochemical detection results showed that EPI caused serious liver damage while paeonol ameliorated it. The results of mass spectrogram, partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA), and principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that lipid, amino acid, and energy metabolism involving seven metabolites were obviously changed by EPI and reversed by paeonol. Additionally, paeonol inhibited EPI-induced activation of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase/mammalian target of Rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) signalling pathway. Our results demonstrated the hepatoprotective effect of paeonol on EPI-induced hepatotoxicity in mice, provided potential biomarkers for early assessment of EPI-induced liver injury and illuminated the metabolic mechanism underlying paeonol-related hepatic protection.

Isolation and Characterization of Peptides from Mytilus edulis with Osteogenic Activity in Mouse MC3T3-E1 Preosteoblast Cells.

Seafood provides a range of health benefits because of its high protein levels. In this study, a novel peptide, YPRKDETGAERT, was identified from NHA-2 of Mytilus edulis by capillary-electrophoresis electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight (CESI-Q-TOF). Peptide YPRKDETGAERT showed the highest affinity among all the peptides, with -CDOCKER energy values of 204.482 kcal/mol on one integrin (PDB: 3VI4 ) and 210.16 kcal/mol on another integrin (PDB: 1L5G ). The secondary mass spectrogram at the m/ z of peptide YPRKDETGAERT was 1422.53 Da, which was determined by CESI-Q-TOF. Peptide YPRKDETGAERT induced an increase of 28.27 ± 3.66% in mouse-MC3T3-E1-preosteoblast-cell growth. The alkaline-phosphatase activity of peptide YPRKDETGAERT was 2.79 ± 0.07 mU, which was an increase of 21.25% compared with that of the control. These results provide theoretical and practical insights for the preparation and application of osteogenic peptides in the functional-foods industry.

The application of HPLC-MS/MS for comprehensively monitor the feeding analysis of Yuanhu analgesic capsules

Objective The HPLC-MS/MS is used to comprehensively monitor the feeding conditions of raw materials in Yuanhu analgesic capsules, and the content of the index components can be detected at the same time. Methods The Inertsil ODS-3 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used with the column temperature 40 ℃, Flow phase: 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile; the gradient elution program, active ingredients were separated by HPLC, and the Electrospray Ionization Mass (ESI) source was applied and operated in the negative ion mode, and reactions ion monitoring mode (MRM) for quantitative analysis were selected. Results Through analysis and contrast of the medicinal materials, reference substance of primary mass spectrogram showed the same characteristic peak, and the proprietary Chinese medicine can be judged by prescription feeding process. The tetrahydroxene and imperatorin had a good linear relationship in 5.08×10-5-30.45×10-5μg (r=0.999 4), 5.02×10-5-30.09×10-5 μg (r=0.999 2). Precision test were 0.99% and 1.14%, the recovery rate were 97.02%-99.66%, 97.62%-99.94%. Conclusions The method is simple, accurate and reliable, high sensitive and fast. It is suitable to monitor the feeding condition and quality of yuanhu analgesic capsules. Key words: Tetrahydropalmatine; Imperatorin; Mass spectrometry; Yuanhu analgesic capsules; Quality control

Specific Features of the Tests for Tightness of Small Gas-Filled Spark Gaps Under the Conditions of Unstable Operation of the Ion Source of a Mass Spectrometer

We present the results of development of a procedure aimed at checking the tightness of small-size gas-filled spark gaps, which is mainly caused by the problem of instability in the operation of ion source of the mass spectrometer due to the exhaustion of the service life of the cathode. We consider the theoretical and practical approaches aimed at the elimination of this problem and propose the solutions of the problems, including methodological ones, aimed at the minimization of the losses of useful mass-spectrometric data under the conditions of temporal decrease in the sensitivity of gas analyzer. We also reveal the necessity of undertaking proper measures for the prevention of the appearance of untypical distortions of the recorded mass spectrograms.

Controlled Release of the Nimodipine-Loaded Self-Microemulsion Osmotic Pump Capsules: Development and Characterization.

The present study was intended to develop a controlled released osmotic pump capsule based on Nimodipine (NM)-loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) in order to improve the low oral bioavailability of NM. To optimize the NM-loaded SMEDDS composition, the experiments of NM solubility in different oils, the pseudo-ternary phase diagram experiments and the different drug loading experiments were conducted in the preliminary screening studies. Controlled release of NM required an osmotic pump capsule comprising a coated semi-permeable capsule shell, plasticizer, and pore-forming agent. NM release follows zero-order kinetics after oral administration. Polyethylene glycol content, used as a pore-forming agent, coating mass, and drug release orifice size were key factors affecting drug release behavior according to the single methods and were optimized through response surface methodology. The NM-loaded SMEDDS droplet size and the 1H NMR mass spectrogram of the novel capsule were determined. The droplet size of the reconstituted microemulsion was 39.9nm and 1H NMR analysis showed NM dissolution in the microemulsion. The dissolution test performed on three batches of NM-SMEDDS capsules-prepared using optimal preparation methods-indicated the capsule to deliver a qualified drug delivery with a zero-order release rate. The results demonstrated that NM-loaded SMEDDSs were successfully developed and displayed a qualified release rate in vitro.

Comprehensive monitoring of charge analysis and research of active pharmaceutical ingredients in Shedan-Chenpi tablet by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Objective The monitoring of the feeding situation of active pharmaceutical ingredient in Shendan-Chenpi tablet by HPLC-MS/MS, and the content of sodium taurocholate and hesperidin. Methods Using ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)Column temperature 40 ℃, Mobile phase with acetonitrile- 10 mmol/sodium acetate solution, using gradient elution program. Active ingredients were separated by HPLC, and the Electrospray Ionization Mass (ESI) source was applied and operated in the negative ion mode, and reactions ion monitoring mode(MRM) for quantitative analysis were selected. Results The proprietary Chinese medicine is judged by the prescription feeding process, through analysis and contrast of the medicinal materials, reference substance of primary mass spectrogram, secondary mass spectrogram of peak. The aurocholic acid sodium and hesperidin had a good linear relationship in 0.242×10-2-1.45×10-2 μg(r=0.996 0), 0.688×10-2-10.30×10-2 μg(r=0.999 2), and the precision test were 0.78% and 1.56%, and the recovery rate were 102%-103%, 96%-109%. Conclusions The method was simple, accurate and reliable, high sensitive and fast. The comprehensive monitoring was applied to the Shedan-Chenpi tablet in feeding analysis and quality. Key words: Hesperidin; Shedan-Chenpi tablet; Aurocholic acid sodium; high performance Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Analysis of Chemical Composition and Pollution Source of the Fine Particulate Matter by the SPAMS in the Four Seasons in Nanning

To study the chemical composition and pollution sources of the fine particulate matter during the four seasons in Nanning, single particle aerosol mass spectrometry was performed to characterize the fine particulate matter in Nanning during the four seasons. The correlation (R2) between the fine particulate matter number concentration and the mass concentration of the fine particulate matter obtained using SPAMS was all above 0.75 in the observation period. The particle number concentration could reflect the atmospheric pollution situation to some degree. The average mass spectrogram of the fine particulate matter reflected that secondary pollutants were more in winter and spring in Nanning. The Art-2a classification method was used to classify the chemical composition of the fine particulate matter. The results showed that the number concentration of the chemical composition and sources of pollution had differences in the four seasons. Chemical composition could reflect pollution sources. The elevated elemental carbon was positively with increasing coal combustion in winter. The elevated organic carbon was positively correlated with motor vehicle source in autumn. Rich potassium particles, levoglucosan and substance were positively correlated with biomass burning source and dust in summer. The rich sodium particles and heavy metals were higher in spring. During the process of increasing pollution, the contributions of biomass and coal combustion sources were large.

Efficient immobilization of agarase using carboxyl-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as support

Background: A simple and efficient strategy for agarase immobilization was developed with carboxyl-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (CMNPs) as support. The CMNPs and immobilized agarase (agarase-CMNPs) were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, vibrating sample magnetometry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and zeta-potential analysis. The hydrolyzed products were separated and detected by ESI-TOF-MS. Results: The agarase-CMNPs exhibited a regular spherical shape with a mean diameter of 12 nm, whereas their average size in the aqueous solution was 43.7 nm as measured by dynamic light scattering. These results indicated that agarase-CMNPs had water swelling properties. Saturation magnetizations were 44 and 29 emu/g for the carriers and agarase-CMNPs, respectively. Thus, the particles had superparamagnetic characteristics, and agarase was successfully immobilized onto the supports. Agaro-oligosaccharides were prepared with agar as substrate using agarase-CMNPs as biocatalyst. The catalytic activity of agarase-CMNPs was unchanged after six reuses. The ESI-TOF mass spectrogram showed that the major products hydrolyzed by agarase-CMNPs after six recycle uses were neoagarotetraose, neoagarohexaose, and neoagarooctaose. Meanwhile, the end-products after 90 min of enzymatic treatment by agarase-CMNPs were neoagarobiose and neoagarotetraose. Conclusions: The enhanced agarase properties upon immobilization suggested that CMNPs can be effective carriers for agarase immobilization. Agarase-CMNPs can be remarkably used in developing systems for repeated batch production of agar-derived oligosaccharides. Normal 0 21 false false false ES-MX JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Tabla normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Cambria,serif; mso-ansi-language:ES-MX;}

Photocatalytic degradation of deoxynivalenol using graphene/ZnO hybrids in aqueous suspension

Water-soluble deoxynivalenol (DON) pose a major threat as a potential organic pollutant to water environmental quality. DON is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by molds of the Fusarium genus and one of the most important mycotoxins in cereal commodities, which can be enriched from the contaminated grain by deoxynivalenol in the process of wet processing. In this work, graphene/ZnO hybrids has been successfully prepared via a simple one-step hydrothermal method and exhibited superior photocatalytic activity for the photodegradation of DON under the irradiation of UV light. The UV light photocatalytic activity of graphene/ZnO hybrid GZ0.3 was 3.1 times than pure ZnO and about 99% of DON (15ppm) could be photodegraded within 30min totally while there were three peaks of intermediate products appeared. The ESI/MS analysis confirmed the presence of DON and degradation product with the secondary mass spectrogram in the positive ESI mode. Overall, this work could provide new insights into the fabrication of graphene/ZnO hybrids composite as high performance photocatalysts and facilitate their application in the mycotoxin detoxification and environmental protection issues.

LC-LTQ-Orbitrap analysis on chemical constituents in Scrophulariae Radix extract and their metabolites in rat plasma

Chemical constituents in extract of Scrophulariae Radix and their metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration were identified by HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap. Samples were separated by a Venusil MP C₁₈ column using a binary gradient elution. The information on the total ion chromatogram, the extraction chromatogram and the mass spectrogram in a negative mode were synthetically analyzed by comparing the retention time, MS and MS/MS spectra with literature data and some of reference standards to conduct a qualitative study on constituents of Radix Scrophulariae extract in vivo and in vitro. Totally 37 compounds from Scrophularia ningpoensis extract were detected including 12 iridoid glycosides, 20 phenylpropanoids and 5 unknown compounds. In vivo, harpagide, harpagoside and angoroside C were confirmed to enter into the blood in prototype forms. Besides, another 2 prototype compounds and 2 metabolites were detected in rat plasma after oral administration of S. ningpoensis extract. The results are beneficial for the determination of bioactive substances of S. ningpoensis and significant for further studies on S. ningpoensis.

An Ion-Specific Effect on Polymer-Protein Interaction Enhances Resolution of Nanopore-Based Detection

Poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) oligomers partition into acqueous transmembrane channels formed by alpha-Hemolysin (aHL) and Aerolysin (AeL) proteins and transiently bind the pore to induce reductions in conductance, i.e. resistive pulses, the amplitude of which is strongly related to polymer chain length. Histograms of such data for PEG yield mass spectrograms with single monomer resolution between approximately 20 and 60 repeat units (r.u.). For chain lengths <20 the duration of resistive pulses becomes too short (e.g.<50 µs) to be fully resolved using state-of-the art electrophysiological recording technology. Recently, computational reconstruction of unresolved events has revealed the presence in a sample of PEG species down to 9 r.u. from data acquired with a bandwidth of 0-100 kHz(1), showing that small PEGs also interact with the pore. We were interested in prolonging the interaction of pore and polymer in order to enable a quantitative detection of PEG species <20 r.u. Krasilnikov and coworkers reported in 2011 (2) that the anion species in the electrolyte strongly affected the dwell times of the aHL pore by PEG, with strongly hydrated F- promoting long-lasting events. Here, using 1:1 mixtures of KF and KCl (4 M) solutions, we report direct resolution of PEG oligomers down to 8 r.u. from data obtained at filter settings of 20 kHz (see figure), due to a significant increase in the characteristic dwell times (tau) of events: for PEG28 tau increased from approx. 1.5 ms in 4M KCl to 7 ms in 4M 1:1 KCl/KF while tau for PEG12 was not directly measurable in KCl (estimated at 18 µs in Ref. 1) but found at ca. 90 µs in KCl/KF.(1) Balijepalli et al. ACS Nano 2014, 8, 1547-1553.(2) Rodrigues et al. Biophys. J. 2011, 100, 2929-2935.

TNF-α and Th2 Cytokines Induce Atopic Dermatitis–Like Features on Epidermal Differentiation Proteins and Stratum Corneum Lipids in Human Skin Equivalents

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in which the skin barrier function is disrupted. In this inflammatory AD environment, cytokines are upregulated, but the cytokine effect on the AD skin barrier is not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the influence of Th2 (IL-4, IL-13, IL-31) and pro-inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) cytokines on epidermal morphogenesis, proliferation, differentiation, and stratum corneum lipid properties. For this purpose, we used the Leiden epidermal model (LEM) in which the medium was supplemented with these cytokines. Our results show that IL-4, IL-13, IL-31, and TNF-α induce spongiosis, augment TSLP secretion by keratinocytes, and alter early and terminal differentiation-protein expression in LEMs. TNF-α alone or in combination with Th2 cytokines decreases the level of long chain free fatty acids (FFAs) and ester linked ω-hydroxy (EO) ceramides, consequently affecting the lipid organization. IL-31 increases long chain FFAs in LEMs but decreases relative abundance of EO ceramides. These findings clearly show that supplementation with TNF-α and Th2 cytokines influence epidermal morphogenesis and barrier function. As a result, these LEMs show similar characteristics as found in AD skin and can be used as an excellent tool for screening formulations and drugs for the treatment of AD.

Early Diagnosis of Irkut Virus Infection Using Magnetic Bead-Based Serum Peptide Profiling by MALDI-TOF MS in a Mouse Model

Early diagnosis is important for the prompt post-exposure prophylaxis of lyssavirus infections. To diagnose Irkut virus (IRKV) infection during incubation in mice, a novel method using magnetic bead-based serum peptide profiling by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been established. For this test, serum peptides were concentrated by adsorption to and elution from the magnetic bead-based weak cation ion exchanger. Mass spectrograms obtained by MALDI-TOF MS were analyzed using ClinProTools bioinformatics software. Construction of the diagnostic model was performed using serum samples from mice infected with IRKV and rabies virus (RABV) BD06, Flury-LEP, and SRV9 (as controls). The method accurately diagnosed sera 2, 4 and 8 days after IRKV and RABV infections. The sensitivity, specificity, and total accuracy of diagnosis were 86.7%, 95.2%, and 92.9%, respectively. However, IRKV could not be differentiated from RABV 1 day after infection. The results of the present study indicate that serum peptide profiling by MALDI-TOF MS is a promising technique for the early clinical diagnosis of lyssavirus infections and needs to be further tested in humans and farm animals.

Identification of the Oxidative Products and Ozonolysis Pathways of Polyphenols in Peanut Skins

Many studies have proved that ozone can decompose aflatoxins in peanuts, while polyphenols in peanut skins can also be destroyed due to its strong oxidative capacity. The polyphenols and their oxidative products in the peanut skin extracts at different ozonated times were separated and identified by HPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Based on the accurate molecular weight from mass spectrogram, and consulted the reported literatures, nine polyphenols and nine main oxidative products were identified in the peanut skins. According to the oxidative mechanism of phenols and the Criegee mechanism of ozonolysis, the ozonolysis pathways of nine polyphenols were proposed. The structures of oxidative products showed that ozone can destroy the polyphenols, so the effects of ozone treatment on the peanut skins should be considered by processors in the detoxification of aflatoxin-contaminated peanuts.

Metabonomics-a useful tool for individualized cancer therapy

Metabonomics has developed rapidly in post-genome era, and becomes a hot topic of omics. The core idea of metabonomics is to determine the metabolites of relatively low-weight molecular in organisms or cells, by a series of analytical methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance, color spectrum and mass spectrogram, then to transform the data of metabolic pattern into useful information, by chemometric tools and pattern recognition software, and to reveal the essence of life activities of the body. With advantages of high-throughput, high-sensitivity and high-accuracy, metabolomics shows great potential and value in cancer individualized treatment. This paper introduces the concept,contents and methods of metabonomics and reviews its application in cancer individualized therapy.