Mass Radiography Research Articles

TUBERCULOSIS CASE FINDING

Within a relatively short time photofluorography has been transformed from a crude experiment to an efficient diagnostic aid. It may be estimated that within the last six years some 20 million Americans have had x-ray examinations of the chest. The vast majority of these would not have had this service if they had had to depend on the conventional 14 by 17 inch celluloid film. The outlook for the future is that mass radiography will further expand and that a majority of the adult population will receive this service. The radiographic technics and sizes most commonly used are 35 mm. photofluorography, 4 by 10 inch stereophotofluorography, roentgenography on 14 by 17 inch paper and film negatives and, in recent months, 70 mm. photofluorography. Individual preferences for one or the other of these technics are based, as far as can be determined, on considerations of economy, ease of operation, individual likes

Editorial: Mass Radiography in General Hospitals

Editorial: Mass Radiography in General Hospitals

Mass Radiography of the Chest: A. Report

Mass Radiography of the Chest: A. Report

Mass miniature radiography; a survey in the United States Army Air Forces.

Mass miniature radiography; a survey in the United States Army Air Forces.

Tuberculosis Industrial Nursing and Mass Radiography

Tuberculosis Industrial Nursing and Mass Radiography

Tuberculosis Industrial Nursing and Mass Radiography

Tuberculosis Industrial Nursing and Mass Radiography

Dextrocardia and Bronchiectasis

IN THIS decade of increasing mass radiography, when the United States Public Health Service, state health departments, tuberculosis associations, private industries and other agencies are interesting themselves in x-ray survey programs, it is not amiss to call attention repeatedly to nontuberculous diseases of the chest. In most cases during the conduct of chest x-ray surveys, persons who are found to have such abnormalities are referred to their private physicians — not to specialists — for further investigation. Consequently, it is incumbent on progressive physicians to become well versed in the roentgenographic as well as the other aspects of diseases of . . .

ReviewMass Radiography of the Chest, HilleboeHerman E., M.D., and MorganRussell H., M.D.

This is a well-produced book, which will be of interest to all who are engaged in mass radiography in this country. It starts with a history of the development of mass radiography, and this is followed by chapters on the objectives of tuberculosis control, and the preliminary planning for mass radiography in a community.

Tuberculosis Industrial Nursing and Mass Radiography

Tuberculosis Industrial Nursing and Mass Radiography F. Ruth Kahl CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.36.7.807-a Published Online: August 29, 2011

Mass Radiography of Ex-Prisoners-of-War

Mass Radiography of Ex-Prisoners-of-War

Book Review Mass Radiography of the Chest. By Herman E. Hilleboe, M.D., and Russell H. Morgan, M.D. 12°, cloth, 288 pp., with 93 illustrations. Chicago: The Year Book Publishers, Incorporated, $3.50.

Book Review Mass Radiography of the Chest. By Herman E. Hilleboe, M.D., and Russell H. Morgan, M.D. 12°, cloth, 288 pp., with 93 illustrations. Chicago: The Year Book Publishers, Incorporated, $3.50.

Mass Miniature Radiography of Civilians: Medical Research Council. Special Report Series No. 251. K. C. Clark. P. D'Arcy Hart, P. Kerley and B. C. Thompson. London: H.M.S.O. 1945. Pp. iv + 135. Price 3s.

Mass Miniature Radiography of Civilians: Medical Research Council. Special Report Series No. 251. K. C. Clark. P. D'Arcy Hart, P. Kerley and B. C. Thompson. London: H.M.S.O. 1945. Pp. iv + 135. Price 3s.

The Tuberculosis Problem of the Union of South Africa

The pattern of tuberculosis in the Union of South Africa is modified by a number of factors: ethnologic, climatic, industrial, and, to a lesser extent, geographic. The control of tuberculosis is in large part related to the control of the non-European (coloured, Bantu and Asiatic) tuberculotic. Measures in operation at present are sporadic and far from a properly organized campaign. The objectives to be achieved can be summarized as follows: 1. Eliminate the infecting case—find, isolate, treat. 2. (a) Feed an adequate diet to all sections of the community. (b) Do not allow sustained physical effort without adequate diet. Case finding would depend on mass radiography operating in clinics established as well as mobile. Isolation and treatment would occur on well-known and accepted lines. The pasteurizing of urban milk supplies would be compulsory in order to eliminate an existing heavy bovine infection. Emphasis is finally laid on the education of the whole people, especially in diet selection with regard to protective foods, and also on the importance of conditioning the potential labourer by good feeding and physical training before submitting him to the severe tax which modern labour places on his strength and resistance. The problem at present hinges largely on finance, that is, on how much the small body of taxpayers amongst two and a quarter million white people can bring themselves to afford. One feels that a really big effort now may achieve remarkable results. Let us pray that the “powers that be” may be stirred to action in time.

Mass miniature radiography of children

Mass miniature radiography of children

Book Reviews

Book Reviews

Mass radiography In India

Summary After an exposition of conditions prevailing India, an account is given of the working of the first Indian Army Mass Radiography Centre. Using the 5 in.. by 4 in. technique, 200 men a day could easily be handled. Although the full assessment of activity of all tuberculous lesions could not be achieved within such a short time, by viewing the wet small films, and tackling all diagnostic problems as soon as they arose, the basic military question, fit or unfit for service, could be answered on the same day. Indeed, 40 individuals could be released as fit within an hour, and one hundred within two hours. Two groups were x-rayed, comprising 3,511 Indian Labour Unit personnel and 3,097 Gurkha recruits, most of whom had been passed clinically before radiography. 3·4 per cent of the labourers and 1·0 per cent of the Gurkhas were found to be tuberculous, the figures for adult-type pulmonary tuberculosis alone being 3·1 per cent and 0·8 per cent respectively. It is pointed out that it would be a great help in civilian mass radiography to be able to give an almost immediate answer, fit or possibly ill, before each individual left the Unit. In order to implement this proposal for ‘mass radiography while-you-wait’, it is suggested that research be directed towards making possible the projection of the intrinsically superior 35 mm. films within say 20 minutes of radiography.

The Value of Stereoscopy in Mass Radiography of the Chest

The diagnosis of disease by general radiographic methods involves two fundamental processes. The first concerns the detection of an abnormal condition and constitutes that portion of the examination in which the film is carefully scanned in an effort to discover unusual roentgen patterns. The second process concerns the identification of disease and forms that part of the examination in which the abnormal patterns, having been found, are scrutinized and their characteristics evaluated in order to establish the nature of the lesion. In these two processes, stereoscopy may be of considerable assistance. This is particularly so in the identification phase, where the localization and improved visualization of the roentgen changes afforded by stereoscopy are useful in reaching a pathological diagnosis. It is not surprising then that stereoscopy has become a well established procedure in general radiology. The situation regarding stereoscopy in mass radiography of the chest, however, is much less well defined. ...

Mass Radiography : A Review of a First Year's Working, by 1. M. McLACHLAN, M.D., B.S., B.HY., D.P.H., Medical Superintendent, Portsmouth Infectious Diseases Hospital; Medical Director of the Mass Radiography Unit

Mass Radiography : A Review of a First Year's Working, by 1. M. McLACHLAN, M.D., B.S., B.HY., D.P.H., Medical Superintendent, Portsmouth Infectious Diseases Hospital; Medical Director of the Mass Radiography Unit

A Light, Compact X-Ray Generator of High Efficiency for Mass Radiography of the Chest

For some time there has been an increasing need in mass radiography of the chest for a small light-weight X-ray generator capable of operation from 110-v. domestic power lines. Such a generator would greatly facilitate mass chest surveys out in small communities and in rural areas where sources of power are often inadequate to operate most conventional generators. Furthermore, it would markedly simplify surveys conducted in industry where ease of transportation and handling is highly desirable. The self-rectified type of X-ray generator has been frequently proposed for use where a light-weight unit is required. Although this type of generator may be made small and compact, it unfortunately possesses electrical characteristics which make it unusable when poor sources of power are encountered. The X-ray tube draws power only during one-half of the alternating current cycle; during the unused half of the cycle the voltage to which the cables connecting the generator and X-ray tube are subjected may exceed the tolerance limits by many kilovolts with resulting break-down of these components after a few exposures. The condenser discharge type of X-ray generator often has bee proposed where poor sources of electrical power prevail. If the unit, however, is to possess adequate capacity for the radiography of all individuals, it becomes unduly bulky. Furthermore, experience has shown that break-downs due to failure of cables and other components are not infrequent. The best solution to the problem of operating mass radiographic equipment from domestic power lines has been the use of 200-milliamperage generators which are also designed to operate from 110-v. power sources at greatly reduced milliamperage (e. g., 30 milliamperage). These units are full-wave rectified and therefore do not have the inherent weakness of self-rectified generators. Furthermore, when operating at 30 milliamperes, they draw only 20 amperes from the 110-v. power line. This is not only less than the amperage usually tolerated by such lines, but also is within the range which may be supplied by the small 3-kw. motor-generator sets, which were made for Army field X-ray equipment and used where a source of electrical power was not available. The only disadvantage of operating an X-ray generator at 30 milliamperes is that exposure times will range between 1.5 and 3.0 seconds. Therefore, it will be difficult to maintain all individuals completely immobilized for such long periods of time. In addition, the generator, as previously pointed out, is relatively heavy.

Mass Miniature Radiography of Factory Groups

Mass Miniature Radiography of Factory Groups